312066 0317 4495 2 LIBRARY MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE No..l.4_£_2.1_^__DATE_.l_QrJ.§flS ^t This book may be kept out TWO WEEKS only, and is subject to a tine of TWO CENTS a day thereafter. It will be due on the dav indicated below. ,J'. :.t L " ^ r THE K. J^ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 91 ll\ti\\U ]^llustvatti:i 3ouvnal OP HOKTICULTUKE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS. {ESTABLISHED IX 1S41.) VOL. XIII.-THIRD SERIES. JANUARY TO JUNE, 1893. LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. 1893. Pew Ja^.^re ii'SnoN : BEADHURT, AGNEW, .!i CO. IIMD, ruINTERS, WniTr.FrilAnS The Gardeners' Chronicle.] INDEX OF CONTENTS. JANUATiY TO JUNE, 1893. Abies SIabiesi, 299 Abraxia grossulariata, 393 Abutilone, 301 Acacia, the falae, for forage, 170 Aconite and Celerj, 362 Adiantum cuneatum for cutting, 292 Africa, South, fruit from, 7G Agricultural Benevolent Inatitution, 47 Agricultural returns for 1892. ..257 Allamandii Williamail, 142 Alocaaia Duaaii, 6.")8 Amiena. market gardens of, 258 Amorphophallua oncophyllus, 658; A. giganteua, (j.38 Anemone blanda, .'J,?."}; the garden, 77 Anthurium Chamberlaini. 259, 719; A. Scherzerianum, 358; effect of manuring, 579 Antibee, hardy Palms in, 132 Antirrhinum glutinoaum, 298 Apiarv, the, 15. 71, 144, 198, 262, 359, 417, 520, .57.3, 660, 717 Aposporoua Lastrea. an, 549 Apple, Armorel, 268. 301 ; Atalanta, 293; Beauty of Stoke, .308; Bi«- marck, 194 ; Cockle Pippin,. 3(58, 4,57 ; crop in South Wilta, 606 ; decay, interesting, 47 ; Hormead Pearmain, 203 ; Jas. Grieve, 53 ; Reinette du Canada, 521 ; Royal Somerset, 368; Sturmer Pippin, 4.57 ; tree-pests in France, 540 Apples, American and British, 141, 203, 267, 3.33. .393; and Peare, chemiatry of, 577 ; British, 174 ; new, 454 ; pests in France, 579 ; spraying of, 419 Aquilegias, hybrid, 572, 750 Araucaria imbricata, the original at Kew, 2.32 Arboriculture in Kent, 628 Ard-Cairn, Dad'odils at, 296 Ariatolochia, internal structure of flower of the. 484 Art and Science, Summer Schoal of, 329 Arum palajstinum, 174, 204 Arundina bambosaifolia. 298 Asclepias curaasavica, 444 Aacott, Leij^hton Buzzard, 721 Ash, speciea of, 364 Aah, the, 293 Asparagus for forcing, 78; manures for, 259 Auricula seeds, raising of, 422 ; the, 445, 579 Auriculas, 176 Australia, Iruit from, 452 Auatralian fruit, packing of, 692 Azolea indica, growth and culture of, 626,712 Azaleodendronx Count de Ker- chove, 665 B Bactebia and leguminous plants, 742 ; in Elxagnus nodules, 577 Bacteria in the soil, 505 Baker, Mr. J. G., 746 Bamboos at Kew, 299 Binanas for the table, 14(> Bangalore Botanic Garden, 391 Barn Elms, liarnea, 392 Bjrrier Island, 161 Barron, Mr. A. F.. 633 Bean, Girtford Giant Runner, 665 ; the Windsor, .334 * B.'ans, preserved, 454 B-'audesert, 161 Beaumontia grandiflora, 547 Beech Lawn, Audenshaw, 166 Bsgonia cinnabarina (Hybtida var, albo vittata), 19; Lansberga'. 720 B'goniaa, winter-Bowering, 106 Belgian notes, 108. 132, 230, 356 Belgium, 658 Belvoir, spring-flowering at, 741 Benary, Ernst, 385 Benefit and Provident Society, I'nited Horticultural, 202 Benevolent Institution, Gardeners' Royal, .52, 74, 107, 112, 174,202,361, 513 Bennett, Mr. E., 547 Bergmann, M. Erneat, 747 Birda of New Zealand, native, 391 Birmingham Botanical Gardens, 208, .5.53, (i83 Blackraoor House, 328 Blinds, paper Venetian, 723 Boilers, 578 Books, Notices of : — Annales Agronomiques, 170 ; Bibliographia de la Rosa, 2.35 ; Boletim da So- ciedade Broteriana, 201 ; Botanical Magazine, the, 46, 200, 420, 546, 719; Batanische Zeitung, 170; Casaell's Popular Gardening, 265; Celery for Profit (7'. Gre/ner), 605; Ceylon, Handbook to the Flora of, 18 ; Contributions from the Botani- cal fiaboratory of the University of Pennsylvania. 106 ; Cottage Gar- dening, 633, 720; Country Gentle- man's Catalogue, 721 ; Dis Kleine Haus mit Garten {L;thar Ahel), 81 ; Diclionnaire Pratique d'Horticulture, 201 , .544 ; English Botany, 234 ; Kerns of South Africa ( Thos. B. Sim, F.H.a.N.). 145 ; Field Club, the, 201 ; Food of Plants, the (A. P. Lmrie)X>Or); Fruit Culture (./. Cheal), 720; Gardener's Story, a {Geo. H. Ellwangrr), 81 ; Garden Oracle, the, 170; Geographical .Journal, 17; Grasses of the Pacific Slope {Lr. Vasei/), 107 ; Histoire des Plantes, 48; Iconea Flantarum, 746; lUus- trierte Monatshefte, 719 ; Index Kewensis, 748 ; Johnson's Gar- denera' Dictionary, 2,34, 368 ; Journal of the American Pomological So- ciety, 201 ; Journal of the Kew (iuild,604; Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, 2iK); Kew Balletin. 'MV2, 632 ; Les Plantes de Grande Culture, Vilmorin, Andrieux et Cie., 266 ; Les Plantes Pota- geres et la ('ulture Maraichore, 201 ; Les Orchid6:!S de Semis, 171 ; Manual of Orchidaceous Plants, Part IX., 515; Odorographia : a Natural His- tory of Raw Materials and Drugs used in the Perfume Industry (J. Ch. Sawer, F.L.S.). 20 ; Orchidoes Rua- tiques (H. ComV'-in) . 718; Orchid Review, the, 46, 201, 420 ; Pamphlet on the Potato (Jas. Bobbie), 300 ; Primer of Horticulture (J?»o.H''n>/iO. 296 ; R-port on Insects and Fungi Injurious to Crops, 514 ; Revue de rUorticulture Beige, 170; Rosarian's Year Book, 106; The Rose (ff. B. £Z/wan^08t at Belvoir, 362 ; and the Koses, 100 Frosts and the fruit bloom, 483 Frozen flowers from New Zealand, 2.34, 751 FVuit cultivation and imported fruits, 139 ; from the Cape, 106 ; Colonies, transport of, 626 ; South Africa, 76 ; in Wilts, 749 ; prospects, 548, 686 ; selling and growing, 136 ; trees, summer pinching, 578, 606, 662, 666, 694, 728, 749 Fruits, preserved, 142 Fruits under glass, 45, 73, 102, 135, 166, 198, 231, 263, 294, 326, 358, 388, 417, 446. 478, 510, 542, 573, 601, 631, 661, 688. 716, 744 Fuchsia triphylla, 683 Fuchsias at Chelsea Nursery, 200 Fungi on flowers, influence of, 235 ; on the human body, action of, by C, B. Plowright, 138 Furcroei Bedinghansii, 747 Eael's Court Exhibition, 193, 330, 513 Echinm arborescens, 690 Elfeagnus angustifolius, root-nodules of ( Bacteria), 577 Elder, the golden-leaved, 721 Emigration to Colonies and South America, 77 Environment, effect of, 100 Epidendrum spondiadum, 46 Eranthis cilicica, 266 Eremnrns robustus, 694 Eritrichinm nanum, 422; E. notho- fulvum, 13 Eryngium campestre. 301 Erythea ediO.is, 507, 678 Ervthrin'i crista-galli, 476 ; E, Zeyheri, 397 GAUNTmjsFoateri, 237; winter bloom- ing, 142 Gardenias, 143 ; in Sierra Leone, 207 " Gardens, grave and gay," 67 Gazania pygmiea, 397 Germany, hardy plants in, 132 Germination under difliculties, 104 Gentiana acaulis, watered with ice- water, 552 Ghent Quinquennial Exhibition, 203, 420, 480, 512; new plants at, 442, 471 ; hints for visitors to, 441 Gladiolus Childsii, 78 ; G. Nance- ianus, 130 ; G. oppositiflorus, 291 Glascow Botanic Gardens and Parks, 107 Glasnevin Botanic Gardens, 18 Gold fish, management of, 141, 174, 267, 333, 364 Gomphocarpus, 397 Gooseberry caterpillar, the, 392; saw- fly, remedy for, 551 Graft hybrid, a, 514 Grafting of Rhubarb leaves, natural, 392 Grange, Alresford, fruits of the, 634 Grape, Barbarossa, 174, 204 ; Gros Colmar, 111, 172, 205,238,301,3.33 ; Muscat Champion, 50, 78, 111, 2.38 Grapes, English, in American markets, 24 ; packing, 515 Greece, Currant crops in, 646 Grevillea robusta, 142 Gastavia pterocarpa, 130 H Hamamelis. the genus, 303 Hampton Court, the home park at, 104 Hardv fruit garden, 14. 44, 72, 103, 135, 166, 193, 231. 263, 295. 327, 359, 389, 416, 447. 479, 511. 642, 573, 600, 630, 661,689,717,745 Harvest of 1892... 633 Hasskarl, Dr. Justus Karl, 331 Hawfinches, destruction caused by, 141 Hazel, a hermaphrodite, 633 Hazelbourne, Dorking, 712 Heating greenhouses, 141 Helichrysum r^cspititium, 397 Helleborus (cutidus, poisoning by, 301 Hemerocallii, a new, 394 llippeastrum, the, 323 Hives, wrappings for, 71 Holly and Oak, 422 ; growing on Oak, 364 Hollyhock, the, 176, 628 Honesty, 678 Hong-Kong, 228; ice in, 418; O.chid cultivation in, 83 Horticultural Club, 203 Horticultural College, Swanley, 331, 634, 693. 719; instruction, 75 Hybrids, 16 ; analogy of, 3B0 Hyde Park, sprine bedding in, 652 Hydnophytum, 2.59 Hydrangea hortensis, blue colouring of, 684, 750 Hye-Leyaen, M. Jules, the garden of, 60G Hypericum Moserianum, 476 Hypoestes moachata, 77 Ice in Hong-Kong, 418 lUicium floridanum, 386 Insect enemies of the Rose, 682 Insects on fruit trees, 607 ; on Pear trees, 749 Institute of Horticulture, 635 ; pro- posal for, 006 Investment, a profitable, 129 Iris alata, 50; var. Leichtlinii, 171 Iris Hookeriana, 47; I. stylosa for winter, 694 Irises and Hemerocallis at Clifton Cottage, 741 ; Irises, the Japanese, 168, 204; the Oncocylus group of, 266 Irish garden, Kilmacurragh, 709 Isle of Man, the, 655 Isopyrum thalictroides, 364 Italy, a journey through, 741; notes from, 13 Ivies, tender, 300 Ixnra siphonantha, 234 ; I. Westii, 723 Jaffa, Orange trade of, 719 Jamaica, Coffee disease in, 303 Japan, flora of, 170 Jardin des Flantes, 137, 615 Jjhannesburg, a public park for, 330 ; notes from, 630 K Kaki, 50 Keele Hall, 10 Keir House, Dunblane, 537 Kew, Bamboos at, 299 Kew Bulletin, 632 Kew, Eyot, 691 ; Guild, the, 690 ; Lilies at, 743 ; hardy plant- house at, 423 ; notes, 130'332, 658 ; the show- house at, 106 Kilmacurragh Gardens, 709 Kitchen garden, the 15, 44, 73, 103, 133, 167, 199, 231, 263, 295. 3'26, 359, 389, 416, 446. 479. 510. 642, 573, 600, 630, 661, 689, 717, 745 Kniphofias, 170 Kumaon, notes from, 627 Label, Wood's Plant Club, 236 Labels, 265, 333 Lachenalia aurea gitrantea, 290, 364, 394 ; L. tricolor, 394 Lachenalias at Kew, 423 L.-clia vitellina, 365 La^lio-Cattleya amcuna X var. delicata, 443 Laelio-Cattleya X Maynardi, 715 Landscape gardening, English style of, 567 Lapagerias, 452 Lastrea, an aposporoue, 549 Lathyrua latifolius, in pots, 606 Law Notes :— Grimwood i'. Weekes, 610; Kingp. End, 24; Royal Horti- cultural Society of Aberdeen v. Jas. Cocker & Sons, 426 ; Williams V. Keynsham Hort. Soc, 521 Leaf-mould, properties of, 110, 227 Leaves, the colouring matter of, 18 Lee, Mr, Jno., 259 Leguminous plants and bacteria, 742 Lemoine's new plants, 414 Leschenaultia biloba major, 763 Lightning on the Vine, action of, 720 Lilies, 227 ; Chinese, 235 Lilium speciosnm, 129 Lily culture in pots, 163 Lime in the garden, 99 Lime-juice industry of Montserrat, 604 Liquorice culture in Russia, 664 Livistona inermis, 748 Lodoicea seychellarum at Kew, 74 London and the provinces, certificated exhibits at the Royal Horticultural Society, 136 Lonicera fragrintissima, 228 ; L, Standishii, 228 Luton Hoo gardens, 749 Lyperia multiiida, 397 M Maceozamia spiralis, 74 Madresfield Court, 100 Mammillaria prismatica, 201 Manchester Botanic Gardens, 140, 297 Manchester, gardens near, 166 Manure, liquid, and Paris gardening, 232 Manures, 168, 175 Manuring Potatos, 196 Maples, hardy Japanese, 415 Market gardening under class, 353, 415. 457, 617, 542, 699, 633, 715 Marseilles, oleaginous seeds at, 754 Masaranga Porteana, 668 Maxillaria Sanderiana, 712 Mesa, the grand, West Colorado, 660 i The Gardeners' Chronicle.] INDEX. I-Iuly I, 189.-5. Metropolitan Public Gardens ABSocia- tion, 138, 170 Middleman, the, 300, 334 Mint, 3S6 Models, Apple, 22 Monstrosity of the flower of the Carrot, 137 Montserrat lime jaice, industry of, 604 Mormodes igneum var. maculatum, 323 Mncuna rostrata, 445 Mulberries, 48 Mulching wall frait trees, 445 Mnsa rosacea, 259 Mushroom growing, 578 ; on beds of tree leaves, 668 N Nahcisscs at Kew, 332 Narciesus cjclaminens, 422 ; hybrid, 423; in the Scilly laics, 363; N. major, 422; N. poeticns ornatus, forcing of. 294 ; N. poeticus pras- cox, 47 ; N. Snowdrop, 454 Nectarine, Uiver's Eirly, 664 Nemesia struraoaa, 46 Nepenthes MaatersianaX, 683 Nepenthes, large pitchers on, 484 Nettle leaves and protection, 692 New plants (»ee Plants New,and Plants New and Noteworthy) New York spring flower show, 637 New Zealand notes, 416; preserva- tion of the flora and fauna of, 161 Nidularium digcneura, 633 Novelties of 1892... 7 Nursery Notes:— Backhouse & Co., York. 334 : Birr & Sons, Long Ditton, 344. 477; Bull, William, 109, 714; Charlesworth, Shuttle- worth & Co.. 659; Cock, Jules de, Ledeberg, 683; Dalliire, Alexis, 6.59 ; Dereyghere van Coppennlle, M. Ed., 547; Desbois, M. F., 627; Ilartland's, VV. Baylor, Nurseries, Cork, 23 : Houtte, Louis van, Ghent, 627 ; Imschoot, Alf. van, Ghent, 627 ; Jones, II. J.. Hither Green, 6.'j9 : Knowles, A., .582; Knjck, M. K. J., Mont St. Amand, (Jhent, C8H; Laing & Sons, 424, 750; Low. Hugh & Co.. 79, 109; Pearson, J. and 11. & Sons, 2-36 ; Peeters, M. A. A., Brussels. 658; Petrick, M., Mont St. Amand. Ghent, 688 ; Pitcher and Manda, New Jersey, 084; Hinder, F., & Co., St. Albans, l.'!9; Smet-Davivier, M. de, Ghent. 027 ; Smet, de. Fit-res, Ghent, 659 ; Smet, Louis de, Ghent, 6.59; Smith, M'ssrs., Uitenhage, South Africa, 207 ; Sutton & Sons, 42; J. Veitch & Sons. Amaryllis at, 363; Vervaet & Co., Mont Sr. Amand, Ghent, 688; Vincke-Du- jirdin, M. G, Bruges. 6.59; Vuyl- steke, Cbas., Ghent, 627 ; VVaterer, A.. Knap IIill. .581; Williams, B. S. & Son, .53. 421 Oakwood, spring flowers at, 302 Obituary :'-Barlow, Samuel, 668; Benarv, Ernst, 234; Burnett, S. M., 112 ; Chantin. M. Antoine, 269 ; Chaure, Jean, 330; Da CandoUe, Alphonse. 44.S ; Ghiesbrecht, Au- gust B, 6.'U; Harrison. Thos., 210; .Tohnson, C. P., 298; M'Kelvie. W. 1! , 458; McKenzie, A., 397 ; New- berry, Dr. John Strong, 16 ; Pas- quale, ProfeiBor, 234 ; Passerini, Professor, 633; Phippen, G. W., 239. 269; Sanderson Edwin, 553; Schlumberger, F.. 298: Sheppard, .T.,83; Treseder, W., 397 ; Webster, J. B., 642; Westwood. Professor, I. O , 21 ; Woolls, Kev. Dr. 337 Observatory, the Greenwich, 719 Oiontoglossum Cervantesi var. punc- tatisaima, 234; O. crispom. a new variety, 194; O. Eiwardii, 163; 0. polyxanthum, 667; Wilckeauum, 422 OdontogloasumB at Burnpark, 656 CEceoclades maculata, 355 Oils, can plants digest fatty ?, 330 Oleaginous seeds at Marseilles. 754 Oncidium Jonesiannm, 292 ; 0. Saint- legerianum, 195 Ojion, the Crown, 634 Oodeypore. 665 ; the Maharana's gar- den at, 82 Orange trade at Jaff"d. 719 Orchard-house, the, 423 Orchid cultivation in Hong-Kone, 82 O.chid-hnuses. the. 15, 44. 72. 103, 134, 166. 198, 2.30, 263. 294, 327, 3.58, 389, 417, 446, 479. 511, 542, 572, 600, 631, 688, 716, 745 Orchid ineecta, 543 Orchids at Brussels, 18 ; at Burford Lodge, 510; at Bjstock, Exmouth, 10 ; at Castle IIill. 444 ; at the D-ll, Egham, 443; at llazelbourne, 712 ; at Jas. Cypher's nursery, Chelten- ham, 265 ; at M. A. A. Peeters, Ghent, 230; at North Eiston. Mass., 196 ; at Oakwood, .596 ; at Osborne House, Edinburgh, 207; at Oswald House, N.B.. 22 ; list of garden, 6?2; scent of, 390 ; sold for high prices, 458 O.-phan Fund, the Royal Gardeners', 16. 22. 47. 52. IOC. 163. 17.5, 202, 265, 2(!7, 234. 4.59, 514 .575 719 Orphan Fund election, 175, 201 Osborne House, Edinburgh, 177 Oswald House, Orchids at. 22 Oxford Botanic Gardens, '298, 547 Uxvgen and the respiration of plants, 19 Packini; of Australian fruit, 692 Piconies, herbaceous, at Chiswick, lV.13 Palms and their culture. 51'.l ; gardi-n, lint of, 26wianum aHreum,632 ; C. X sylva, 6^2; C. villosum var. Gortoni, 40; Crrtanthus intermedins, 413; C. obliquus, 596; Uendrobiam Benita, .'j54 ; D. (hybridum) Cassiope, 290; D. nobileBallianum,322 ; D. Owen- iannm X, 226; D. rubens X, 226; D. (hybridum) Venus, 291 ; Di- chorizandra angustifolia, 475; Disa keweniis, 625 ; Dracceaa Sand^ri- ana ? = D. thalioides. 412; Epi- dendrum Palmeri, 322; Eranthis cilicica, 201!; Eucharis Lowi, 538; Ffitillaria citrina, 5^3; F. Whit- talli, .5IX); F. Zigrica. 568; Galan- thus Bvzantinns. 226 ; G. Elwesii var. robustus. 226 ; G. gracilis, 656 ; G. Ikariaj, 506; G. maximus, 351; G. Perryii, 256; Gladiolus papilio, xGandavensia, 596; G. victoralis X Sprenger, .596 ; G. hybrid, 596.624 ; Hfliconia illusiris, 413 ; Ilillia te- trandro, 414 ; Hypolytrum Schroder- ianum, 414; Iris Atboa, 711 ; I. Bismarckiana, 506; Koiphotia lon- gicollis. 6H2 ; Pholidota Ligardi, .'!22 ; Kniphofia Tuckii, 68 ; Lache- nalia aurea gigaatea, 290 ; Liclia Finckeniana, 191 ; L. hybrida Nor- manni, 98; L, X Oweniana, 682; Liulio-Cattleya Schilleriana. 596 ; Lathyrus splendens, 2.58 ; Ludovia crenifolia, 412; Magnolia salicifolia, 2.58; Masdevallia Henrietta X, 740 ; M. Rebeccax. 740; Megaclinium minutum, 291 ; Narcissus, Uam- mann's hybrid, .507 ; hybrid, 428 ; Nepenthes mixta X, 46; Nerine mu- tabilis, 130 ; novelties of 1892, 7 ; OJontoglossum blandum var. albo- cupreum, •i55; O. crispum. Hunter's variety, 194 ; O. c. var. Mrs. X)s Barri Crawshay, 741 ; O. Kniizlinii, 442; O. lanceana var. Graveaianum, 322; O. Williamsianum, 740; On- cidium Saintlegerianum, 10, 227 ; O. apilopterum, 10 ; Oreopanax Sanderianum, 442 ; Papaver um- brosum, fl.-pl., 40; Pelexia ma- culata, 322; Phaius amabiliBX, 226 ; P. roseus, 291 ; Phyllogathis ciliata, 475 ; Picea Breweriana, 2.58; Pleurothallis rhoinbipetala, 290; Richardia Lutwvchei, 568; Saintpaalia ionantha, 682; Salmia Laucheana, 442; Sarcocbilus mus- cosua, S22 ; Schizocodoa soldanel- loides, 415; SciUa Buchanani, 568; leucophylla. 506 ; Scopolia carnio- lica var. Hladnickiana, 418 ; Sela- ginella usta, 414 ; Senecio sagitti- folius. 258, 3.55 ; Stachys floridana, 40; Strobilanthes Dyerianua. 442; Tradescantia velutina, 476 : Tulipa coccinea. 533: Vandax Miss Joa- quim, 740; Vriesia tesielata var. Sanders, 442 Plant Portraits: Acer nikoense, 547; Agave Victoria U?gina, 332; Anthurium Andreanam var, Warn- beckeanum, 547 ; Apple Eliza Kithke, 107 ; A. MacMahon, 547 ; Aristolochia gigantea, 547 ; As- cyrum crux Andreae, 721 ; Aster roseus. 332; Azalea (hybrida) Da- viesi, 203 ; A. indica Marie Tharesa, 332; Bagonia Baumanni, 163; B. fulgens, 163 ; Bagonia Lans- bergii, 475; Bilbergia Bruanti, 332; Balbophyllnm tesselatum, 475 ; Bo- ronia heterophylla, 721 ; Brug- mansia aurea, 162 ; Baddleia Col- villei, 743 ; Calamus robustus, 332 ; CalochortUB Kennedyi, 332 ; Catt- leya Alexandra, 162 ; C. Hardy- ana X , 547 ; C. labiata, 332 ; C. labi- ata vara., 721 ; C. Moaeiie Reinecki- ana, 721 ; Cherry, Early Prin, 748 ; Cherry, Bigarreau Lemercier, 203; Clerodendron haatatum, 162 ; Coch- lioda Noetzliana, 107 ; Coslogyne Sanderae. 547 ; Colax jugosus, 721 ; Cornus Kousa, 547 ; Crocus luteua var. striatus, 385 ; Cupania elegans, 474 ; Cymbidium Liwianum, 547, 677 ; Cypripedium Chamberlainii, 577 ; C. Dibden x , 162 ; C. Galatea, 577 ; C.Huybrechtianum,748;C. Leonajx , 162; C. Rjthschidianum, 577; C. Sniceriannm var. Mercatellianum, 721 ; Cyrtopodium Aliciic 721 ; Cyr- tosperma ferox, 474 ; Dendrobium (hyb.) Cassiope, 332 ; D. Phalaanop- 818 Schroderianum, 577 ; D. (hyb.) Venus, 332; Dichorizindra musaica gigantea. 471; Diclfi-nbachiamelea- gris, 474 ; I), olbia. 475 ; Disanthus cercidilolia, 748; Dracicna cuprea, 203; Epimedium macranthum, 107 I Eiilophiella Elisabethm, 474; Gle- ditschia janonica, 577 ; llabenaria m57 Schizocodon soldanelloides, 415 Scopolia csrniolica var. HIadnickiana, 419 Senecio sagittifolius, 355 ; in Uruguay, 357 Sirex gigas, 370 Smilax argyrea, 475 Spot in grapes, Glicosporium laiticolor 753 Thuhis folium cucullatum, U; T, J>impidi folium L'Ubely, 11 Tomato-disease, Cladosporium lyco peraici, IW^ Tradescantia regime, 477 Tsuga Pattoniona, cone, &c., 659 Tubercularia apeciea, 113 Tulip, a florist's, 667 U Uteicdlahia longifolia, 713 Vinsonia Btellifera, .548 Vole eaten Paranip, 301 W Weathkbs, Mr. Jno., portrait of, 637 Westwood, Profeaaor J. O., portrait of the late, 21 Winter Moth, the, 177 Wistaria ainenaia in Japan, 2.'{3 SUPPLEMENTARY ILLl? ^TRATIONS. Barer, F.R.S., Mr. J. G., Portrait of, June 21. CocoA-NuT, DOUBLE, AT Krw, .January 21. DiOOM PECTINATDM, AT Kew, JuDe 17. Fairlawn, Wimbledon, views in garden at, March 4, FccHsiA-HocsK AT TUB NgHSERv OF James Veitch & SoN3, February 18. Macrozamia spiralis, iTanuary 21, Sander, F., & Co., St. Albans, Corridor at, February 4. Thentham, Flower Garden at, May 27. [The Gardeners' Chronicle, July 1, 1893. MONSTEB MASS OF QBiMlfiTOPBYLLDM SANDEEIANCM, (Showing the long stems or psjudobulbs curved at the extremities, an^l the curious roots ascending from the base.) Established i84i No. 315.— A^oL. XIII.{J,"«;",° SATUEDAY, JANUARY 7, 1893. /Regt. as a Newspaper. I PRICE 3d« IWITH SUPPLEMENT.! I'OSMREK. SJrf. CONTENTS. Applc-mckids 2i Pea, Sutton's Bountiful ... B«';;onia cinnabanoa (Hy- Phloroglueinol in plants brida) var. Albo-vittata 1« Pitcher-plants and frank- Book Noti.es- Geographical Journal ... IT Plants, new or note- worthy Adiantum Duale Oncidium Saiotlegeri- Han^ibook to the Flora otCtMlon OJorographia 18 20 Cacao 24 Railway rates, the new ... Chrysanth.-mum grafting 18 Respiration of plants, and Cypri[>elium Alb^rtia- lessened oxygen num X 1« Bose graftirg Foreign correspondence — Sarraeenia, history of ... Scotland- - Orchids at Oswald House Society- National Chrysan- themum Forget^me-Not in Cali- fornia Sunny Italy Washingtonia filifen ... 13 U 13 Qirdener>' examinatioDB 22 Spruce, the American Oardcnir>' Orphjn Fund Weeping 16 and 22 Stenai.drium Beeck- Olasnevin Botanir Gard.-n^ 18 manniauum Grn[;e4, Kngli>h. in Ame- Streptogluiinia X Ticti 24 byon House, winter ll>brids 111 flowers at Ireland— Technical education The Lojgh Nurseries, Vine, origin of the colour- Cork 2:) ing matter of tlio Keele Hall II) Week's work, the— Law note- Apiary, the King r. End 24 Flower garden, the ... Leaves, the cjlouring Forestry naatterof IK Hardy fruit garden .., Kitchen garden, the .„ Norelties of 1893 7 Obituary — Orchid-hou£es. the Newberry, Dr lis Plantji under glaaa Weatwood, Proleosor J.O 21 Worsted v. Jute ILLUSTRATIONS, Keele Hall, Staffs » ,, Holly hedge at 17 „ lakent 19 Thuris folium cueiillatum 11 Thuiit Limpi.li folium I.'Obely II Westwood. the bite Professor J. 0 21 ADVKliTlHERH will greutli/ n.isist uii- efforts til yet to Press earlier, hy /urwardinr/ their favours as EARLY IN THE WEEK as 2)ussihle. " I'ttxton's C'lilendar," New Edition, " The Cot- tutjers' C'aleni'ar of Qarden Operations," Price Sd.. post-free, 3.V/. 41, H'ellinrjtnn Street, Strioid. Luwlon, ICC, Deal Direct wltb the actual Growers. HCANNELL AND SONS' KENTISH • SKEaS are cerUinly the best in Europe. New (' VT'lLOIiUF, free to . omiiig eu-tomers. .VIi. KKANK WILKINSON. Causey Farm, Langfield, To.1- morden, April 10, 18il2 : "The seed 1 had of you came up Nvonderfully strong, and look splendid. I am glad I hud Kentish Meeds." K. HILL, The Gardeas, Belmont Castle, Grays, Essei, aiay lii, 1892; "The seeds I had from you are far superior to those of other seedsmen, and I will give you a further order CANSKLLs'sKF.DS Perfect only direet from Swanley, Kent. \^0 K S A I , E ,' GARDENERS' CUR ONICLE, i. 141] ti) lK.i2 inclusive. Good copies, half-bound. Adver- tiwr will cbiMp with first reasonable offer. Purchaser to pay c,irriiige.—.\ddreMs WILKINSON, Gardtiurs' Chronicle OfUce, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. FFElfS^W A N T EI) for GARDENERS' IMCTIONARV, in 2 vols., bound in leather. By Phillip Miller, F.R.S.. of the Chelhea Botanic Gardens. Vol. I., 4th edition, 174S; Vol. II.. 2nrl edition, 1740. In good rxindition, with coi'perplates complete. — Address, V. T. T. GfiTdnners' C/innicle omce, 41, Wellington Street, Strnnd, W.C. Agents' wanteiT, for^the saee oe NATIVE GITANO. The best and cheapest manure for all Farm and Garden Crops —The NATIVE GUANO CO., LIltlTEb, 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriara, London, E.C. CARTERS' "VADE MECUM for 1803" has been posted to Mess's CARPEhS' Customers. It contjiini several el-gant Coloured Illustrutions. i nd will be found a most thorough oook of reference by all who desire to cultivate successfully the choicest Vegetables and the prettiest Flowers. Price Is., post-free, to unknown correspondent". C AhTERS, Seedsmen bv Boval Warrants to H.M. The l,>ueen and H.R.H. the Prince of Waics, 2.')7and2:«, HIGH HOLBORN, LON'DOS, W,C. a WILLIAMS AND SON • have now Posted their ILLUSTRATED SEED CATA- LOGUE for 1893 to all their Customers. Another copy will bo furwsrded, gratis and post-free, on application to any who may not yet have received one. \'ictoria & Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London. N. ' Trade Price Current, 1893. PETER LAWSUN and SUN, Limited, Edinburgh, have posted to their CiKstomers their CATALOGUE of KITCHEN QARUEN and KI-OWKR SEEDS for the present season, and if any have been inadvertently omitted, copies will be forwnrdeil on application. To Ale Seed Trade. HAND r, SH.MU'I'; have posted their « OKVERAL WHOLESALE LIsT to their customera and others, and shall feel obliged if those who have not received it will inform them, and another copy will be sent. SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH. G U O 1 C E O E K M FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. BIl'.MER. Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Grr A N for CLEARANCE SALE of RULHS SPRING and SUMMER Flowering. DAFFODILS, HYACINTHS, TULIPS, POLYANTHUS, NARCISSI, SCII.LAS. SNOWDROPS, SNOWFLAKES, Early GLADIOLI, WHITE LILIES, I.KIAS, *c. Clearance PRICE LIST free on application. BARE. 12. King Street. Covent Garden. W C. OKCHIDS, — New and rare species, a special feature. Catalogue forwarded post-free on application. SEEOER akdTKOPP. Ltd., Orchid Nursery, East Dulwich, London, 3.K. I^LOWERINa LILY OF THE VALLEY, 1? —Magnificent Samples. 100. 6 marks; 1000. BO marks, for Poat-ollice Order. Guaranteed to arrive in a fresh condition. HLUMKNHOEKSK, Magdeburg. Germany. BERLIN LILY OF THE VALLEY for Forcing, quality unsurpas.sed in the Trade, 35». per 1000, 4». per 100. LILIU.M AUKATUM, direct importation from Japan, 30*. per 100 ; (S*. per do7.en. WALSHAW A.VD SON, Scarborough. aTWILLTaMSON, Nurseryman and • FloHIST, Smithfield Market, Manchester, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGN.'MENTS of CUT FLOWERS and .MAIDENHAIR FERN ON COMMISSION. Chequea as desired. GEORGE I'IKE, 07, 96, and 09, Flower Morket, Covent Qarden, W.C, is open to receive CHOICE CUT FLOWERS for SALU on CO.M.MISSION. Boxes and Labels supplied on application, MESSRS, SQUELCH and WOOH, Fruit SiLKSMEK, North Row, Covent Garden, W.C.. are open to RECEIVE CONSION.MENTS of GRAPES, TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, ai.d all kinds of HOT-HOUSE PRODUCE. Our businesB connections being amongst the best .bouses in position to secure the highest prices for ixount Sales forwarded daily, and cheques renuired. Empties and labels aupplieil. nd County Bank, Covent Garden Branch. W" A N T EljTto 15 U Y,~a S A L I X BABYLONICA (Babylonian Willow), old variety, as large a tree as will move well, with trunk from 7 tum8 grown, well adapted for cutting and showing purposes. It is a variable species, and several extraordinary fine forms have been flowered from our previous consignments. There are two distinct varieties— one with beautifully deep- spotted flower and pare white lip, leucoglossum ; the other with a yellow lip. larger flowers, but less coloured, xantho- glosium— both varieties are found growing together. ODO.NTOGLOSSUM EDWARDL— The violet-coloured Odon- toglossum, a very distinct beautiful species, discovered by our collector. Mr. Ecklaboch. The flowers are produced on large panicles; though individually fmall, they are nevertheless very effective, on account of their number. Sepals and petals violet-purple, lip of same colour, with sulphur-yellow apex ; tieliciously-scented ; flowering season, end of .Tanuary to M,'.-.-'i. ODONTOGLOSSUM CIRBOSUM.— A mostcharming, elegant species, equally as useful as O. crispum. Flowers creamy, ■white spotted, and blotched with maroon-crimson; they are borne in great number, on long panicles. This species is very variable, both in form of their flowers and marking of the segments. Many pretty and valuable forms have flowered out of our previous consignments. The plants offered are the large-bulbed type, and the best-conditioned ever offered ; they can be recommended with every confidence. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad. Thursday Next. IMPORTANT SALE. TO THE TRADE AND PRIVATE BUYERS. 7000 extra-fine AMERICAN PEARL TUBEROSES. Second Portion, just to hand, in splendid condition ; 2000 GLADI- OLUS LKMOINEI HYBBIDS (the Blotched Butterfly Gladiolus), lOOll GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS, extra large roots ; 300 very fine Clumps LILY OF THE VALLEY, 300 VALLOTA PURPUREA. 200 DIELYTRA SPECTA- BILIS, 100 AMAKYLLIS JOHNSONII, large Bulbs; 100 CALADIUMS in dry Tubers, very large; CANNAS (Madame Crozy), 3000 JAPANESE LILIES, incluning auratum. rubro vittatum, rubrura cruentum, album Kraet/.eii. Melpomene elegans and longiflorum. all good varieties for Show nd Cut Bloom ; Lilmm umbellatum, L. tigrinum, three varieties; SPIR.E V COMPAtTA MUL- TIFLORA, AZALEA ISDICA, amongst them large plants ; PALMS in variety ; together with the SURPLUS STOCK of DUTCH BULBS from a large London Seedsman. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Centr 1 S,le Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London. E.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, January 12, at 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogufs had. The Studley Castle Collection of Orchids, Palms, FERNS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from the Ollicial Receiver in Bankruptcy to SELL by AUCTION. EARLY in FEBRUARY, the valuable COL- LECIION of ORCHIDS formed by T. Walker. Emj , of Studley Castle, Warwick, including, amongst others— Cypripediutn Spicerianum, Deodrobium thyisirtoruni, fine best variety specimens ,, cardinale Cattleja Warocqueana ,, Schroderai Coelogyne cristata. line spcci- ,, Haynaldianum Lielia anceps alba ,, EUiotianum Cypripedium insigne ,, bellatulum Lycaste fckinoeri alba ,, uinanthum superbum MaxiUaria Lehmauuii ,, Measuresianum ., picta Deudroblum prifmatocarpum, Cymbidium Lowii^ fine plant Stanhopea tigrina Coslogyne Massangeana. &c. Also the well-grown PALM 5, FERNS, and other STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. Auction Rooms & Oflices, 38. King St.. Covent Garden, W.C. Heaton, Middlesex. On the main Bath road, near Cranford, Whitton, Hounsiow, Isleviorth, &c. VALUABLE FREEHOLD PROPERTY, comprising about 12 Acres of prolific MARKET FRUIT GARDENS, in a high state of cultivatun. anl planted with a profusion of the finest Fruit-bearing Trees, together with all the requisite appliances for carrying on the Business of Fruit and Vegetable Growing oa a large and profitable tcale; aho a capital brick-built and slated Residence of 8 rooms, with the usual outbuildings and a Foreman's Lodge, the whole enclosed within fences, and having an extensive trontnge to the old Great Bath Road, about Ij mile from the L. & S.W.R. Station at Hounsiow. within half-a-mile of Hounsiow Barracks Station on the Metropolitan Extension Railway, and about 12 miles of Covent Garden Market. T\,IESSRS. SAMUEL B. CLARK and SON ItJ. will offer the above important FREEHOLD PROPERTY for SALE by AUCTION, in one lot. at the Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, E.C., on TUESDAY, January 31, at 1 o'clock precisely. Particulars, with Ccndilions of Sale, may be had of the Solicitors, Messrs. BIRCHAM and CO.. 46, Parliament Street ; and of the Auctioneers, at iheir Oflices, 8, New Cavendish Street, W., and 10, Himover Square, W. WANTED to RENT, on Lease, about I Acre of LAND for a NURSERY, within 15 miles of Covent Garden, wilh a small Cottage adjoining.-G. H., Mr. James Wingfield, Wedmore Nursery, Bromley, Kent. ANTED, to RENT or LEASE, GENTLE- MAN'S GARDEN or NURSERY, with rlenty of Glass. Near good Market Town.— M. T.. Gardeners' Chronicle Oflice, ■11, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, to RENT, about half-an-acre of GROUND, tor Flower Culture, either with or without Houses. Neighbourhood of Is'eworth preferred. — Address, X. Y.. Jlr. J. Picknell. 4. Earl's Court Road, Kensington Road. Cheltenham. TO FRUIT GROWERS, MAKKEl' GARDENERS, and OTHERS. ''PO LET, one of the most valuable MARKET -L GARDENS in the county. The Property extends over an area of about 11 acres, and is well stocked with the choicest Fruit Trees. The extensive Vineries and Peach-house, together with a pretty \'illa Residence. Stabling. Shedding. Piggeries, &c., are all most conveniently arranged upon the property. Ingoing by Valuation. To a moderate capitalist the above offers an exceedingly rare and lucrative investment. Posses- sion at once. For further particulars apply to S. P. VARDER. Estate Agent, Auctioneer and Valuer, Albion Chambers, Clarence Parade, Cheltenham. t'"OR SALE, the prettiest little VILLA RESIDENCE in Brighton ; about 140 rods of Ground, Greenhouse, Chicken-runs, &c.. Freehold. Well adapted for Greenhouses and Poultry Rearing, Splendid Views. Quite private. Central— Apply to E. W. CHESTER, 49, Dyke Road, Brighton. No agents. FRUITERERS, FLORISTS, and QREEN- -C GROCERS' BUSINESS for DISPOSAL in first class suburb. West. Family trade at best prices. Lease, Good- will, Fittings, and all Trade Utensils, Four Vans, Four Horses, and Two Trucks. Lowest Price, £500. Compact house in capital repair, and Stabling for four horses on premises. Apply, by letter, in first instance, to Mr. W. J, SMITH, House and Business Agent, 232, King Street, Hammersmith. FOR SALE, a FLORIST'S BUSINESS, with House, at £92 per ann jm. Same hands 15 years. Double-fronted Shop, West End, doing £1000 a year. Touls included; shop nicely fitted up. Business to be had for £200. G. LO-VGHURSr, 18- St. Anne's Road. Notting Hill. FRUITERER'S and FLORIST'S.— Leading position in flourishing West of England Town, doing £1500 yearly, on Lease. Also, the FREEHOLD NURSERIES in connection with the above, being about 4^ acres, including large Dwelling-house, 450 feet run of Glass, and useful Out- buildings. Main Road. Trams pass entrance. Above, together or separate. —Apply. C. C. Gardeners' Clironicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. To Nurserymen and Florists, Ne-w Southgate. BUSINESS of a FLORIST.— Greenhouses, Frames. Stock of Bedding Plants, Ferns, &c. Going concern, with Eight-roomed Hofl>e and Ground. HOUaE to LET. Stock and Fixtures to be SOLD.— For particu ats, apply to H.. 49. Spencer Street, EC. To Fruit Orowirs, Florists, &c TO BE DISPOSED OF, the GOODWILL and LEASE of an old-estiblished FLORIST and FRUITERERS' BUSINESS, situate in a Central P.'sition in one of the Foremost Watering Places in England. There is a large Garden in connection with the business, with 300 feet of Glass, nearly all of which is heated, and Stocked Avilh Vines, Peach Trees, &c. Moie land may be had if required. Ihe Owner, who is retiring, is desirous of selling the (Joodwill, and will grant a fourteen years' lease; or he will be disposed to consider offers for the Purchase of the Property. The premium required would include the business plant and fixtures, stock and growing crops as at the time of transfer. For particulars address T. L., Gardeners' Clironicle ljfli;e, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti- culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. ^(\ C\C\C\ EUONYMUS, Green and Golden, » JV/^ U V V all splendid bushy plants.— GREEN : 9 in. to 12 in., at 2.5s. per 100 ; 12 in. to 16 in., at 35s. per 100 ; 15 in. to 18 in., at 60s. per 100; 18 in. to 21 in., at 70s. per 100 ; 21 in. to 24 in., at 95s. per lUO; 30 to 40 in. at special price.". GOLDEN : 5 in. to 12 in., at 4s. to Ps. per doz. Cash with Order. J. J. CLARK. Goldstooe. Brighton. BE(40NIAS A SPECIALTY. — Awarded Four Gold Medals, Gold Cup, and only Gold Medals for Begonias at the International Horticultural Exhibition. Seed saved from Prize Plants. Choicest mixed, sing'e or double varieties. Is., 2s. 6rf., and 5s. per packet. Colleciions (Seed), single, twelve named varieties, separate, 5s. 6rf. ; six ditto. .3s. Tubers, named singles, from 18s. to 42s. per dozen. Choicest Seedlings, 4s. to 21s. per dozen; bedding, choicest. 4s., 5s., 6?., and 9s. per dozen; choicest name doubles, from 34s. per dozen: choicest seedlings. 12s. t'^ 30s. per dozen; choicest mixed, for bedding, 9s. and 12s. per dozen. Catalogues grati'. JOHN LAISG AND SONS, Begonia Grower3,&c.. Forest Hill. BARR'S SEIsDS, bulb's^ and PLANTS. VEGETABLE SEEDS.— The best sorts only. Much valu- able information. Catalogue free ox application FLOWER SEEDS —Upwards of '2000 species and varieties, all decorative kinds. Catalogue free o.v application. BULBS.— Gladioli. Lilies, Anemones. Ranunculus. Hyaciuthus candicans. Tigridias, &c., for Spring Planting. Lists ON APPLICATION. PLANTS.— Michaelmas Daisies, Perennial Sunflowers, Double and Single Pieonies. Irises, Oriental Hellebores, Carna- tions, &c. Lists free on application. BARR and son. 12. King Street, Covent Garden. London. LTERNS ! FERNS ! !— Trade.— Greenhouse and S- stove, 25 saleable sorts, in 2i-in. pots. Us. per 100; 10 best market sorts, in 48's, 6s. per doz. ; stores. 6s. per 100. Large Adiantum cune^tum, value in .'roods, is. and 8s. per dozen. Cyperus, Aralias, Solanums, and Grevilleas, in 48's, good value, 6s. per dozen. Palms. Ftcus, Erica hvemalis, Cy.-lameu, and Dractenas, in 4S'b, Is. each. P. tremula and A. cuneatum, for making large plants quickly, 16s. and 20s per 100, well packed, put on rail free for cash with order.— J. S.MITH, London Fern Nurseries. Loughboro' Junction. London. S.W. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYABD AND NTJSSEBIES, CARSTON, «"« LIVERPOOL Have this season splendid stocks of the following : GRAPE VINES, For fruiting in pots and planting Vineries, TEA and other ROSES, in pots, ERICAS, AZALEAS, PALMS, FERNS, &c., &o. CATALOGUES, -with full particulars, post free on application. iSfecial Quotations to the Trade, JiNUAEY 7, 1893.] THE GARDENER S' CHRONICLE Fruit, Vegetable, and Flower Section, LONDON CENTRAL CiEXERiL MARKET, SMITHFIELD. NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN, that with a view to give a further impetus to the Trade of this Market, the COLLECTION' of the TOLLS, as set out in the First Schedule of the BveLaws, will, eicept in cerUin specified cases, be SUSPENDED for a perjod of twelve months, commencing on MONDAY, January 2, 1893. Guildhall. E.C.. December. 1S92. MONCKTOS. Enoch WUte. deceased. Pursuant to the Statute 2! i 2) Vict. c. 35. "lyOTICE LS HEREBY GIVEN, that all Xl persons having any claims or dema-ds again-t the estate of Enoch White, late of No. 2.3, Holdenhurst Road. Bournemouth, in the county of Southampton. Nurseryman and Florist, decease 1 (who died on the 4lh day of January, 1S90, anil whose will was proved in the Principal Ee^i'try of the Probate Division of Her Majesty's High Court of .'ustice. on the 1.3th day of May, ]S9Ci, by John James Dacombe. of Bournemouth aforesaid. Decorator, and Henry Pratt Moore, of the sime place, Coachbuitder. the executors), are hereby required to send the particulars, in writing, of their claims or demands to us, the undersignt-l. the Solicitors for the said executors, on or b'fore the 3Ist day of January, 18H.i; after which date the said executors will proceed to distribut.- the assets of the said deceased amongst the persons entitled thereto, having regard only to the claims and demands of which they shall then have had notice: and that they will not be liable for the assets of the said deceased, or any part thereof, so distnbutfj, to any person or persons of whose claims they fhall not then have had notice.— Dated this 2Jrd day of December, 1,'*9-*. J. A.M. W. F. DRITTT, Borough Chambers. Bjurn. mjath. Solicitors for the Executors. The Boumemoatti and Victoria Norserles, SHKLSGHIJIKNE. MR. F. A. AVIIITE begs to announce, that having PfRCIlASED the ABOVE NUBSKiaES from the Executors of his F:ither. the late Mr. Enoch White, he now proposes to CONTf.SL'E there the HL'SINESS for so many years carried on by his late Father, and lo solicit a con- tiauanca of the support for so many years accorded to the late Mr. Eno:h White. The busines. will be carried oa under the style of "ENOCH WHITE ami SONS." FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Orow Them, apply to S ANDERS, St, Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World.— WJ minutes from St. Pancras. FRUIT TREES. — Apples, Pesrs, IMums, Cherries, per 100 or lOI'O. Prices on application. FLETCHER BROS.. Ottershaw Nurseries, Chertsoy. 90 C\i\i\ I'mZE COB I'lLBERT TREES At\Jf\J\J\J in full bearing. Apply to— Novelty for 1893. VARIEGATED HOP,— Most ornamental anil fast-growing climber. See report of the Gardeners' CAronic/eof Oct. .". MW. Descriptive L'ST free on application. KKED. RcI;mER, Seed Grower, (^uedlinburg, Oermsny. ASPBEURY CANES.— Norwich Wonder, Carter's Prolific, also Fastolf, strong and well rooted. Not less than 1000 canes supplied. ALBERT RATH, Vine Court, Sevenoaks. Kent. K TF YOU WANT FRUIT TREES that will X bsar regularly, purchase AppI- « worked upon our FnrBdi^e Stock. We have Ml UOO to select from, ami shall be pleased to show them to visitors. J. K. PEARSON AND SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. Established 1782, BOX'S^EOONIaTsEED,— For germination and quality of Ilowers superior to all others. Half packets, single mixed. tl(f,; larger packets, ].«. and '^^. 6rf. ; double mixed, half packets, \Ud.; larger packets, l<. «d. and •it. M. Sow now. Ask for PRICE LIST of Tuber-, and Pamphlet on Culture. JOHN B. BOX, Seedsman and Begonia Grower, Croydon. r\M )~BE S UCCESSFUL in Growing 1 FLOWERS and VEGETABLES to Perfection, you must hav,- DllBBIES CATALOGUE and COMPETITOR'S OUIliE as your constant companion. — " I thank you for your exivlli-nt and prictical guide, which is the best I ever hill." A specini-n of hundreds of testimonials.— The Book is ready now ; it con- sists of IflO pages, and is sent free by post fur 4if.— Plea«e apply early, If you want to bo sure of getting n Copy.-DOBHIE AM) CO., Florists and .Seed Growers, Rothesay, Scotland. f-ORBES' EAST LOTH I A N STOCKS.— Sow now for a continuous and brilliant summer and autumn display. For Massing in Beds, for Herbaceous and Shrubbery Borders, and for Cutting, this Stock has no rival. My superb Strain, which is Perfectly True, contains a larger percentage of Double Flowers than any other. It has had a mccessful run of about twenty }ears uniform good qualify, and its reputation is world-wide. In 6 perfectly distinct ans. per dozen respectively. Stamps received for small remittances. Our General CATALOGUE of famous LEICESTER SEEDS. which are highly prized for Exhibition and Market Garden purposes, post free on application. Send for a copy to HARRISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS and MERCHANTS. LEICESTER. NOW IS THE TIME TO PLANT SEND FOR OUR NEW DESCRIPTIVE PRICED CATALOGUE Of Fruit Trees, Rosea, Conifers, Shrubs, Forest Trees, Climbers, &c. An immense Stock grown. LANDSCAPE GARDENING A LEADING FEATURE. GEO. JAGKMAN & SON, Woking Nursery, Woking, Surrey. ESTABUsHFD ISIO.] [AKKi, 150 Acres. VICTOR POTATOS (SHARPE'S). This favourite first early Potiito. suitable for any Ganlen, indispensable for Forcing and Earlv llonlers. uinl likely to take the lirst rank amongst first eatlies fur market use. Quality and yield all that could be de-ired. One well known market grower has this year hud a yield of 15 tons p.T acre on a huge acreage. London and Manchester salesmen speak highly uf their quality, and report that Victors will keep their bloom and have a freali appearance after l>eing in the market some days, when other early Potatos have become discoloured and unsaleable. The stock we offer is the true yellow-fleshed variety and not the white variety, which is ollon su'bslituted. Price per l» t. and ton. State rcipiiri ments to W. W. JOHNSON & SON, Seed Growers and Morchauts, Boston. Lincolnshire. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS. NORMAN DAVIS liej^s to intimate that he has amonj? the New Chrysanthemums of the present season, several of exceptionally fine (luality, ineUiding the two nia;,'iiitiriqit New ("linison .lapaiicse - WILLIAM SEWARD & J. SHRIMPTON, the finest introductions of recent years, and which will be distributed by him during the coming spring. cATAtJiGrn ox api'I.icatkix. CH&YSANTHEMUM NURSERIES, LILFOKD ROAD, C A M B F.RWE I.L, LONDON, S.K. SLEAFORD "STANDARD" SEEDS. (Registered Trade-Mark.) CHARLES SHARPE and CO.'S ILM'-fTUATED CATALOGUE OF SKKUS for ItM. Is now reiuly. and will bo sent post-free to any addrcASrBERRY CANES. — Norwich Wonder 1 V and Fa«tolf, 4s. 6^Ho Cultivate 800 K"J^|'/, TRUE TO NA" I Stamp! Order DiRgCT— No Branches or Agents. Januahy 7, 1893 ] TBE GABDENEES' OHRONIOLB. WARE'S COLLECTIONS CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. COMPLETE COLLECTIONS, at 10s. dd. & 21.*. LARGER COLLECTIONS, at 30«., 40«., & 60s. ConteDts in each ca-e very varied; Particulars of kinds given in NE W and i? E VISED CATALOG U E. WARE'S COLLECTIONS SELECT VEGETABLE SEEDS. COMPLETE COLLECTIONS FOU Mediu si zee Garde £1 Us.U. and £2 2«. Qd. Containing sufficient Vegetable SeeJs for one year's supplv WARE'S CHRYSANTHEMUMS. The very best in each section. NEW JAPANESE :— Amos Perry, finest yellow ever inlroduced, 2s.; J. Stanborough D.hben, new and distinct brori/y-yellow, ;;x. : Miss Alice Luckman, an exhibition gem, 3x. 6//. : Mi» Li/zie Cartledge, grand rofiy-piok. 2i. ; Comte F. Lurani, Peach-blossom pink, 2s,, and many other recent introductions of sterling worth. NEW INCURVED VARIETY— ABBOTT'S WHITE. A charming addition to this deservedly popular section. Will tnke a leading place as it becomes known. For names, descriptions, and prices see NEW CATALOai'E of CHRYS- ANTHEMrMS. ^^^^^^^ WARE'S DAHLIAS.- Pot roots row being offered. Cactus, Decorative Pompone, Single and Double kinds, enumerated and fully described in NEW DAHLIA LIST. SEVKV FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES Awarded by the Hoyal Caledonian Horticultural Society. FOl'R FIRST CLASS CKHTIFICATES Awarded at the Internntional Horticultural Eihibiti"n. THREE AWARDS of MERIT and SILVER-OILT MEDAL (iiven by Ihe Royal Hortitullural Society. SPECIAL AWARD of Ihe HtOHeST MKRIT Giren by the Olingow and West of Scotland Horlicullural Society during 1M2. Al.o the FIRST PRIZE at the INTBRNATIONAL EXHIBI- TION held at EARLS COURT, JULY, IfO.', in Conjiwtition among Nurserymen. TUHERi and SEEDS can now be furnished. CATALOGUES may be had free upon application. THOMAS S. WARE, IIALK FAltM .Nl'K.'^KItlKS, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. Kindly mention this p3|>er when applying tor Catalogues. WEBBS' If SPRIT SPRING CATALOGUE FOR 1893. IJeaulifully Illustrated with Six Coloured Plates (illustrating Peas, Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cauliflower, Kale, Lettuce, Savoy, Hollyhock, llelichrysum. Single Poppy, Mignonette, Godetia, t'unterbury Bell, Double Poppy, Nastuitium, and Cornflower) ; and hundreds of P^ngravings. Also containing complete Cultural Instructions, List of Novelties, &c., &c. NOW BEADY, POST FBEE, Is., which may be deducted off subsequent orders. Seedemen by Eoyal Warrants, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. VEITCH'S OF SUPERB QUALITY. GUNTON ORANGE (Scarlet Flesh). Awarded Firsl-class Cerliticate. R.H S., May 17. l^i*.>. A unique scarlet- lleshed Melon rather under medium si/e, nearly round, attractively netted, and of exquisite flavour. The plant is of robust constitutiou and a free setter. Per Packet, 23. 6d. RITGHING'S PERFECTION (Green Flesh). Att;,rd cjf Merit, R.H.S., June 7. \&.\i. A distinct and beautiful Rfeen-tleshed variety. In form it is almost round, elightly pointed at the stalk, medium si/.ed, yellow, beautifully netted, 'and very handsome. The llesh is of great thickness and of delicious llavour. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. For full description! of the above and other Choice Xoveltien, tee SEED CATALOGUE fur IW'J.'i, forwarded Gratis and I'oxt Erei' on application. JAMES V€ITCH & SONS, KdVAL EXOTIC NPKSKKV, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. NOVELTIES AND SPECIALTIES VEGETABLE SEEDS For 1893. Williams' Giant Long Pod Beana ... per Williams' Early Prolific Kidney Beans Williams' Giant Scarlet Runners .., WllliamB' Superb Crimsoa Beet Williams' Alexandra Broccoli Barley's Hardy Curled Sprout William's Defiance Carrot per ounce WllUamB' Matchless Red Celery ...per packet Williams' Matchless White Celery Williams' Magnum Bonum Onion .. WilUame' HoUoway Victory Pea (New) per pint Williams' Golden Queen Tomato ...per packet Glenhurst Favourite Tomato (New) . jier packet 1 6 ILLUSTRATED SEED CATALOGUE ijrntts anil i^st-fmc lo tilt applicants. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON \'ictoria and Paradise Nurserirs, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. _ri^a. .^ HE SATURDAY, JANUARY 7, IS9.3. NOVELTIES OF 1892. ^"^1118 year, as in some former ones, before •*- sitting down to make our usual review of the plant gains to our gardens during the past year, we harlmurfd the notion that the task would bo light, but on looking over our running notes we find producers and introducers of novel- ties have not been idle during the interval, and the leading trade firms especially have well fulfilled the demands of progress. The Orohids, as usual of late years, present themselves prominently in their two main divi- sions, viz., the imported novelty and the home- raised hybrid or cross-bred plant. In both these classes, the seeker after that which is excellent, is confronted by some diUlonlties ; in the case of imported plants, through description based often on imperfect material, or on the collector's esti- mate of his discoveries; and in the matter of the hyljrids and cross-breds, by the same results having been attained by dilTerent persons each of whom gives a different name to his novelty. Nevertheless, plants of excellence, both im- ported and home-raised, are soon singled out from the worthless or indilTerent, and do Kot, as a rule, fall into the ranks of those of small value. Let us touch on our home industry first, and note some of the results of the hybridist's work. Messrs. Jas. Veitoh & Son stand well to the front; their hybrids of Cattleya, Lnelis, Sophro- nitis, &c., would each of them make glad the heart of a collector of wild specimens in the tropics, and they are not the less acceptable that they are our own garden products. Indeed, the cost of raising and rearing good hybrids is oijually as great as that of importing from the distant tropics, it the time, patience, skill, and expense on the one hand, are put against the sums staked on short-time ventures in the other. Around the various crosses made with Sophrn- nitis grandillora as one parent, at Messrs. Veiteh t'v; Son's, much interest centres, as out of them large and gorgeously beautiful Howera, of glow- ing tints, are obtained on plants comparatively dwarf in stature. l-'oUowing their charming Sophro-Cattleya liatonanniaiia and Epiphro- nitis Veitchi, they have fiowered for the first time Sophro-Cattleya Vi-itchi x (S. grandillora ? , L.-C. elegans o' ), » lovely thing with showy (lowers of a clear rosy-red, slightly orange-tinted and beautifully veined ; and S.-C. Calypso x (S. grandillora ?,C.l.oddige3ic5),aglowingrosc-pink flower with orange centre, both first-class novel- ties; LfeliaLatona x (cinnabarina '? ,purpiiiata o ) is another great acquisition, the blight yellow of THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [January 7, 18'J3. its sepals and petals and glowing purple of its beautifully-veined lip being very attractive features. All crosses with Laelia and Cattleya are sure to be acceptable, and the Laalio-Cattleya Cassiopex (L. pumila 9) L--C. exoniensis c^ ), with large bright rosy-crimson flowers ; Cattleya rhilo X , and C. P. albiflora x , both the result of crossing C. Mossioo with the singular and extremely rare C. iricolor ; C. Minucia X , (C. Loddigesii $ , labiata var. ft ) ; C. leucoglossa X (Loddigesii 9 . Fansta f ), with wax-like rose and white rtowers,'with rich yellow base to the lip ; and the pretty little Ln-lia Aurora x , have all been much admired by those who have seen them, and may be relied on to develop greater beauty when strong, for it is one of the difficulties which rare and difficult crosses have to contend with, that they have to pass under judgment with the first, and often imperfect flowers. In the great genus of Cypripediums, which are being worked by the hybridist on every hand, Messrs. Veitch have contributed during the past year some fine varieties in C. Adrastus x (Leeanum 9, Box- alli (J ), C. Brysa x (Sedeni candidulum ? , reticulatum (J ), with charming blush-coloured flowers, having a pale green tinge, and which, like the curiously-tinted C. Cleola x , has many admirers; C. lanthe x (Harrisianum 9 , venus- tum (^ ), C. Telemaohus x (niveum 9 ,Lawrence- anuni (J ), a fine improvement on its relative, C. Aphrodite; C. Evenor x (Argus 9, bellatu- lum cj), a grand variety resembling a massive C. Marshallianum x ; C. Arete (concolor 9 , Spicerianum (J ), beautifully spotted, and some- what resembling C. microchilum x ; C. Tityus x (Spicerianum 9 . cenanthura superbum ^ ), C. Perseus x (Sedeni porphyreum 9 , Lindleya- nura cj ), C. Arthurianum pulchellum x , and C. Eurylochus X (ciliolare9 , hirsutissimumcJ )• Among other fine hybrids of the year raised by Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Son, specially remark- able are Epidendrum Endresio-Wallisii x (En- dresi ^ , Wallisi 9 ). a charming novelty with the violet tint finely developed in the blooms ; Den- drobium Euryc'ea x (lituiflorum 9 , Wardia- num (J), a pretty companion to the favourite D. micans x ; Zygopetalum leucocheilum X (Burkei 9 , Mackayi $ ), in which the large white labellum is a distinct feature; and Phalicnopsis Artemis X (aniabilis9, rosea {^ ), a pretty rose- coloured hybrid, bearing some resemblance to P. intermedia x , which, as has been proved liy seedlings raised by Mr. Seden, is P. Aphrodite x rosea, and thus the P. Artemis x of Messrs. Veitch has the true P. amabilis, Bl., for one of itj parents, instead of P. amabilis, Lindl. and Ilort. (P. Aphrodite, Rchb.l. Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, have long ago taken the lead as importers of Orchids, and in the matter of home-raised hybrids they come well to the front, their imported novelties and their hybrids during the past year erjualling each other in excellence. Cypripedium Cham- berlainianum,one of the most distinct, beautiful and easily cultivated of all Cypripediums is among their best ; C. exul and other species or new varieties were also introduced. Cattleya Victoria Reginre conies next, its large wax-like, clear rose-coloured flowers being superb. Un- fortunately the importation was mixed, and although the C. Leopoldi I'ernambuco var. imported with it, brought some grand varieties it would have been better if a greater proportion of C. Victoria Reginse had appeared ; probably the next batch to flower will be all right. Messrs. Sander also share with M. Linden, the honour of having introduced C. Alexandra. From b.th sides of the water the introduction was heralded with a great flourish of trumpets, but on the plants flowering, the music dwindled to the veriest squeak. Out of these large im- portations some fine varieties are sure to be found ; but, on the whole, it would have been better to have selected something more ornate with which to honour our favourite Princess. The St. Albans strain of Cattleya labiata vera was fortunate during the past year in producing grand novelties, the best of which are C. 1. San- derie, C. 1. albanensis, and the pure white C. 1. alba, exhibited recently from the collection of M. "Wells, Esq. Cattleya Amesire is a grand white Cattleya, and C. speciosissima Sanderiana, a noble white and fragrant variety ; C. Owen- iana, like a cream-white petalled C. Hardyana x , but distinct enough to warrant a separate name ; and the various new varieties of the St. Albans importations of C. granulosa and C. g. Scho- fieldiana, and notably the almcst entirely purple- petalled C. g. princeps and ( '. Bitalinii are all fine gains to our gardens, and admittedly new and pretty. Of the genus Odnntoglossum, which- it was prophecied long ago as getting near to the end of its tether, .so far as .showy novelties were con- cerned, Messrs. Sander have belied the prediction by exhibiting several grand novelties during the year, the more remarkable of which were the large richly-spotted O. crispum Sandera?, O. c. Wells- ianum, some fine forms of 0. Pescatorei, the beau- tiful O. Louryanum, O. Owenianum, O. Amesi:e, and O. Wendlandianum, all of which are probably natural hybrids which have been accorded specific rank. Of the allied genus, Miltonia vexillaria, M. Roezlii and their crosses ; M. Bleui splen- didissima, M. Roezlii, Sander's var., and eight varieties of M. vexillaria were awarded First- class Certificates when shown. Other new things of 1802, hailing from St. Albans, were Aerides Balfouri, a curious white species ; An- gr;ecum O'Brienianum, with large thick leaves and long racemes of white fragrant flowers, larger than those of A. Chailluanum : A. poly- urum, Sobralia xantholeuca rubra, Schomburgkia Ericssoni, Phaius Sanderiana, the noblest of Phaius ; Oncidium Rolfeanum, O. Gravesianum, and several other Oncidiums ; Lycaste Skinneri var. F. L. Ames, and L. S. Mrs. F. L. Ames, a very handsome couple ; several new Epiden- drums ; and out of their importation of Den- drobium PhaUenopsis Schroderianum, D. P. Rothschildiauum, a fine white variety with blush tinge; Cymbidium Humblotii, with stout erect spikes of emerald green and black flowers, as showy as those of Cojlogyne pandurata, which they much resemble ; Calanthe Sanderiana, the showiest of the Calanthes of the C. veratrifolia section ; Vanda Arbuthnotiana, some Cyrto- podiums, Disa Cooperi (new to cultivation), and other things, about which more will be known during the present year. Of the St. Albans hybrids, Cattleya Bur- berryana x (C. intricata 9 , C. superba,^"), which was awarded a First-class Certificate at the Royal Horticultural Society on April 19, 1892, is a very showy plant ; Laelia Oweniana (L. pumila ;Dayana 9, L. xanthina(J), a pretty hybrid; Calanthe orphanum, a vaiiety with unrecorded parentage ; Cattleya Parthenia nobilis x , the best of its class; and Phabenopsis Amphitrite x (Stuartiana x Sanderiana) and Lielia Gravesia?, both good. Of the genus Cypripedium, Messrs. F. Sander & Co., during the past year, have flowered no less than two dozen distinct new hybrids, all of more or less beauty, but whose respective merits space forbids us to attempt to define. In Baron Pchrodcr'.s famous garden at Egham, many fine new plants have flowered, and among them, perhaps, the most beautiful has been his hybrid Cattleya x Baroness Schroder (0. Triana; 9 , Jongheana $'), & most beautifully- formed flower, of a clear rose-pink, with white and yellow throat, and finely-crimped lip. Three magnificent new forms of Odontoglossum cris- pum have there appeared, in the heavily- spotted beautiful O. c. var. nobilior, O. c. Rex, and O. c. var. "\Volstenholm!e,the last variety having been exhibited before, but never in such superb condition as seen at the first June meeting of the Orchid Committee of the 'Royal Horticultural Society in 1892. Sir Trevor Lawrence, ]5art., has, as usual, flowered and exhibited many new Orchids, the Burford-raised hybrid Cypripedium Lawrebel x (Lawrenoeanum 9 x bellatulunirj ), in the front rank of hybrid Cypripediums. The beautiful hybrid Calanthes, too, raised in the same gar- dens, have culminated in a variety with blooms of the purest white, and also in C. x sanguin- aria, whose blooms are of the richest crimson. Dendrobium Burfordiense x (Linawiauum x heterocarpum) is a pretty Dendrobe, and as shown towards the end of last year, Cypripe- dium Morgania3 Burfordiense x is the finest form of a very fine hybrid Among novelties in botanical Orchids the Burford collection has always a store; and among the Bulbophyllums, of which there is a fine collection there, the handsome citron-yellow B. Sillemianum has found a home as a rescued species, the type- plant described by Reichenbaoh for Mr. Sillem having nearly departed, when another plant was imported by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and was fortunate in going into the Burford Collection. The beautiful Spathoglottis rubra also flowered at Burford. As a raiser of fine hybrid Orchids, Norman C. Cookson, Esq., of Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, is a leader among the amateurs, and among his lastyear's contributions, Liclio-Cattleya Phcebe x (C. Mossia»9- L. oinnabarir.a(J), is a charming plant, the rich Indian yellow of its sepals and petals, and the glowing purplish-crimson of the front lobe of the lip, making these valuable additions to a class of colours in Orchids which only the practical hybridist appears able to evolve. Cypripedium Bryan x (philippinense 9. Argus [J) is a noble flower, and 0. Youngianuni superbum and C. Calypso x Oakwood var. great improvements, while the charming white Den- drobium Cassiope X (moniliforme 9 (japonicum) nobile albiflorunij^) rivals in favour the more showy D. Venus x of the same raiser. Charles Winn, Esq., of Selby Hill, Birmingham, gave evidence during the past year that he is now about to reap the reward for his years of intel- ligent intercrossing of Orchids. His Cypripe- dium Cleopatra x , C. Edith AVinn x , Dendro- bium Nestor, and others being good, but the finest hitherto is the magnificent Cymbidium Winnianum x (giganteum 9, eburneum (J ), a specimen of which, with fine spikes, bearing together about forty flowers, was shown in November last. In size and form, the flowers resemble those of C. giganteum, but they are of ivory-white with purple spots and lines on the lip. Messrs. B. S. Williams &; Son, of Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, have in the beautiful groups regularly staged by them at the Royal Horticultural Society's meetings, often displayed the beauties of their handsome Cypripedium Pitoherianum, Williams' var., by far the finest of its c ass ; and also others, in- cluding the new yellow Lycaste \'oungii, a fine form of the white Lajlia Perrinii nivea, &c. jAscARr 7, 1893.' THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Chas. Ingram, Esq., of Godalming, haa flowered several new hybrid Orchids, of which La;lio- Cattleya Ingramix (L. puiiiila Dayana?, C. Dowiana aurea ^ ) ; and Cypripedium gigas x (Lawrenceanum ^ , Harrisianum nigrum (J ), are worthy to take their place among the best ; Drewett 0. Drewett, Esq., of Riding Mill-on- Tyne, another hybridist, has the pretty Cypri- pedium Juno X (Fairrieannm "J , callosum $ ) and C. Ceres x (hirsntissimum ? , Spiceriannm cJ ). between L. albida and L. anoeps Sanderiana ; and G. D. Owen, Esq., Selwood, Rotherham, late in the year flowered La;lia anceps Owen- iana, a grand flower with flaked segments ; and Cattleya amethystoglossa, Selwood var. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., are continually im- porting Orchids, and they frequently get novelties sent to them — one of the most extraordinary of which was their Cattleya Schilleriana Lowii, in which the labellum is white veined with blue. Lailia elegans, viz., L. e. superbissima and L. e. excellens. R. Brooman White, Esq., of Arddarroch, whose collection of Cattleyas is very complete, has reached perfection of beauty in C. Mendeli Mrs. R. Brooman White ; and C. J. Lucas, Esq., of Warnham Court, flowered the large new Sobralia Lucasiana, Lselia furfuracea, Lucas var., and the extraordinary Lailia grandis, Warnham Court variety. FlU. 1. — KEELB UALL, Nt« CsTLL-LMjEH-H .ME. (sBE P. 10.) Sir Wm. Marriott, of Down House, l^landford, has produced a most extraordinary plant in Iselio-Cattleya Marriottiana x (L. flava'J, C. Skinneri<^ ). Messrs. Heath & Son, of Chelten- ham, a taking variety in Cypripedium Swin- burnei x (insigne Maulei 'J , Argus Mo;nsii (J ) ; Captain Vipan a welcome novelty in Cyripedium Vipani X (hevigatum 9 , niveum(J); W. Thomp- son, Esq., of Stone, the pretty hybrid Masdevallia between tovarensia and Veitchii. C. W. Fincken, Esq., of Jiarnsley, has been fortunate enough to flower out of an importa- tion by the Liverpool Horticultural Co., Lielia X Einckeniana, a supposed natural hybrid much like that of Zygopetalum Mackayi. Messrs. liOw also flowered the new dwarf crimson Sobralia Lowii, the singular Stanhopca Lowii, Low's variety of Cypripedium Volonteanum, La;lia claptonensis (I)ormani x elegans) and I'halienopsis Schilleriana purpurea. Thos. Statter, Escj., of Stand Hall, Whitefleld, Manchester, who grows only good things, sent g'jod samples of thcui to the meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society last year, specially fine being the magnificent white-petal led Cat- tleya Statteriana, which is a worthy companion to the bright yellow C. aurea Statteriana; and two superb forms of the Turneri section of Messrs. Linden, of I'llorticulture Interna tionale, Bare Leopold, Jirussels, have, among other fine new plants exhibited the beautiful white Zygopetalum Lindeni, the richly purple- spotted Odontoglossum Bescatorei Lindeni.r, O. 1". maculatum, the clear yellow O. triumphans chrysanthum, and O. Insleayi Lindeni, the singular-looking Coryanthes leucocorys, Cyrto- podium Alici;e, Cycnoches peruviana, Mor- modes Rolfeanum, &c. Messrs. Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co., famed for fine Odontoglossums, have a very handsome novelty in O. Wilckeanum Tiobilius; a grand thing in L;elia priestaus, Ileaton var. 10 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. January 7, 1893. (which, however, they say is closely approached by others in their importation of it), and they have during the past year flowered several new botanical Orchids, amongst them Pleurothallis teretifolia. Messrs. Pitcher & Manda of the United States Nurseries, Hextable, a great store of rare Cjpri- pediums, kc, flowered Cypripedium Stonei candidum almost entirely ivory-white ; C. Niobe, Shorthills var., &c. Messrs. Lewis & C!o. of Chase Side, Southgate, N., exhibited three fine plants in Cypripedium Southgatense x , a bellatulum cross ; the clear greenish-yellow Cymbidiura Lowianum viride, Disa incarnata, with scarlet and yellow flowers ; R. I. Measures, Esq., of Camberwell (who a'so first flowered Cypripedium exul, and the charming C. insigne, Cambridge Lodge var.), was fortunate enough to bloom Odontoglossum platycheilum ; and the handsome Moorea irrorata, from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin, re- ceived a merited First-class Certificate ; while various other novelties are the white Masde- vallia Harryana Gravesise, of Mr. H. Graves of Orange, New Jersey, U.S.A. ; the beautiful Bulbophyllum O'Brienianum, Vanda vitellina of Messrs. Seeger & Tropp, Coryanthes Wolfiana and Lielia anoeps Wellsiana of the Liverpool Horticultural Company, the pure white Vanda teres alba, of Lord Rothschild ; the massive C'ypripediuni Cowleyanum x , of F. G. Tautz, Esq. ; and many curious botanical Orchids. The following novelties in Orchids have been illustrated in the Gardeners' Chronicle in the past year : — Cattleya Victoria Regina:, June 25, pp. SOS 800. Cypripedium Chamberlainiannm, Feb. 20, p. 24L Cypripedium exul, April 23, p. 623. Cypripedium Lawrebel X, April 30, p. 5G0. Diaa incarnata, May 14, p. 618. Disa Cooperi, September 3, p. 209. Ltelio-Cattleya Phcebe, June 18, p. 791. MaedeTallia Gravesia;, July 30, p. 131. Moorea irrorata, April 16, p. 489. Mormodes Rolfeanum, February 13, p. 203. Odontoglossum crispum var. nobilior, February 20, p. 235. Odontoglossum platycheilum. May 7, p. 587. Oncidium Gravesiannm, May 21, p. 651. Zygopetalum Lindeniaj, February G, p. 172. (To be continued.) New or Noteworthy Plants. ADIANTUM DUALE. Jenman, n.sp. Root-stock woody, oblique or decumbent, clothed with dark scales; stipites tufted, strong, stiff, dark, channelled, naked, or with a few small scales at the base, rachis similar; fronds oblong-lanceolate, pin- nate, firm and stiff, dark glossy green, paler beneath, glabrous, h to 1 j feet high, 2.} to 5 inches in width ; the base truncate, gradually reduced at the top to the lobate-serrate acuminate apex ; pinnje spreading obliquely, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 1.} to 3 inches high, J to 1 inch in breadth, the base cut away shortly on the inferior side, the upper side expanded and often auricled, petiolate, the lower freely so, the margins conspicuously lobate-serrate, incised; veins once or twice forked, curved, the inferior fascicled or again pinnatiform ; sori linear, J to I inch, in length, forming a single or double series on each side, diverging from the mid-vein at a narrow angle, single or double ; involucres narrow, firm, even — Jamaica, locally frequent in the central parishes at the mean and higher elevations ; gathered in St. Ann and Clarendon. The large fronds only have the sori diplazioid, and this character with the sharp and uniformly grouped teeth of the margins, readily characterise it from A. falcatum (A. crosum, Nutt.), which of local species it most resembles, and its other near allies A. macrophyllnm, Swartz ; A, Gardner], Baker; and A. caudatum, Forat., of the eastern and southern hemispheres. G. S. Jeivnan, Deynerara, Oncidiom Saintleoebianuji. I fear the figure of Oncidium spilopterum, Bot. lieq., xxxi., t. 40, has been overlooked when this plant was described. When I saw the plants re- cently imported as a new species, I was sure 1 had grown it before. Later, Mr. C. J. Lucas sent me two flowers which I at once recognised as the plant I had years ago as 0. spilopterum (a species which I think has been erroneously included by some in 0. Batemanianum). At all events, so far as I can see, the plant described as 0. Saintlegerianum is exactly that figured as 0. spilopterum. As tending to show the inadvisability of making a specific dif- ference in a slight but not constant feature, I may say that the two flowers sent by Mr. Lucas had in the one the small yellow-tipped side lobes to the labellum as in the Bot. Reg. figure, while in the other the side lobes were very large and brightly coloured. James O'Brien. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. ORCHIDS AT BYSTOCK, EXMOUTH. Among the many Orchids now in flower at Bystock, under the able management of Mr. Swan, I observed, during a visit last week, a very fine lot of Calanthes, mostly of C. vestita, in 7-inch pots, carrying six to eight grand spikes, with upwards of forty flowers each on a large proportion of the spikes. For compactness and general good quality, it is seldom that a finer lot is seen. Cypripediums, of which there are many unfiowered seedlings, looked in the highest health. Ltelia anceps, and two large plants full of flower, of Restrepia elegans, were very fine. Hy. J. C. KEELE HALL. (see nos. 1 & 4.) The first authentic owners of the Manor of Keele were the Knights Templars. When that order was abolished, it became the property of the Knights Hospitallers. At the Reformation, Henry VIU. sold it to Sir William Sneyd, of Bardwell. His son, " Raufe Snead " built there, according to Erdeswick, " a very proper and fine kind of house." The same quaint old historian attributes to this same fine old gentleman every virtue " in all good sort increasing his patrimony." The date of the sale was 1.581, so the Sneads, or Sneyns, as the name is spelt now, have held Keele over 30O years ; the family, how- ever, can be traced back to Edward l.'s time. It was not the fault of Cromwell's Ironsides that Keele escaped, for the then owner (to use a Gr«cism) was Colonel Ralph Sneyd, who was heart and soul a royalist. In 1855 the present hall was built by another Ealph Sneyd, of red sandstone, in the same style as the former, namely, Elizabethan. There are some fine Old Masters in the house, also two of Sir Joshua Reynolds ; but the picture that interested me most was the picture of the builder of the first house, "Raufe Sneade." The hall is situated on rising ground, and commands a view of pleasantly diversified parkland. Everything that could be thought of to make the grounds beautiful has been done. IndeetJ, Erdeswicke's words about the county of Stafford, "terra sua contcnta bonis" might very fitly be applied to Keele. The beautiful pleasure-grounds at Keele are divided, like omnis Gallia, into three parts — the first part near the house, the second above the kitchen garden, and the third beyond the kitchen garden. It is very surprising, as well as charming, to have fresh beauties thrust upon you in the way these are here. The windows of the south-front of the house look out upon a geometrical flower garden with clipped Yews at. the salient angles, and a taste- fully-designed fountain. A well-kept lawn divides this from the park. The west side causes one to linger a much longer time, because below the eyes at the foot of a sloping green sward, lies glittering the pretty lake. For its size this is the moot taste- fully designed piece of artificial water I ever saw, and this opinion was strengthened on descending the green carpet from the terrace to walk round it. The mantling with trees, with vistas cut through them of the further aide, contrasted prettily with the shaven lawn on the nearer, and the meandering outline of both banks gave a river-like appearance. It was hard at last to tear oneself away, and one did so only with many fond looks. To get to pleasure-ground No. 2, one has to go through what is called the Fern-drive. It is so- called because a deep cutting has been driven through the new red sandstone, to avoid making a detour. The sides of this cutting are so thickly clad with hardy Ferns, that the rock is quite obscured by their green fronds. Above the kitchen garden is a long straight terrace-walk, with a line of gaunt ancient Spanish Chestnuts the whole of the length of it. These wind-tossed seasoned trees must have seen come and go many generations of Sneyds. For about 50 yards at the end of the walk a line of tall Scotch Firs, with bare, brown, tapering trunks, form an avenue with the Chestnuts. The contrast between the habits of these trees was very striking. In the background and on the way to the last of the pleasure grounds were plantations of Rhododendrons, which, if they do not grow so luxuriantly as at Trentham, are evidently quite at home. I was quite ready to admit at this point that Keele had a right to be content with its good and pretty things, but I had yet to see what will ever distin- guish Keele in my mind, i.e., the third and last of our divisions. The first sensation was one of wonder, coming suddenly as we did on the "Great Holly Hedge." The reader must try to imagine a long dark green ridge of Holly, 10 yards thick, and about 25 feet high, closely clipped, with scarcely a break or flaw the whole length. Its evenness for such a long distance is very wonderful. A short hedge, right angles to the main one, has a high archway cut in it. But it is well worth the trouble taken to keep it in such splendid condition, for a Holly hedge of this size does not exist any- where else, and it is very doubtful if ono again could ever be grown to the same perfection. A broad walk goes the whole length of the hedge. At the start on the left, is the Italian garden, a par- terre with beds of Pelargoniums and the other usual bedding-out plants, and " relieved from dryness by statuary " (to quote Sir William Temple). The view will give the best idea of what succeeds, and further on comes a broad expanse of lawn covered with Conifers, and here and there groups of choice shrubs. An avenue of Deodars, about 20 feet high, are at the age when they look most beautiful in our climate, on account of their fresh glistening foliage. When exposed to cold winds they soon look sad and weary, but at this stage they are exquisitely pretty, especially in the early morning, when " dew- diademed, they salute the sun." A circle of conical Cupressus Lawsoniana are slightly higher than the Deodars, and this tree also has a bright vivid hue all its own. The fact of their all being of the same height creates the idea that trees must have some sense of rivalry. In a wood they all grow fast to get an equal share of the light ; but the same explanation would not hold good here. Conifers, standing on a lawn as here, and each showing its separate mould and features, produce a very beautiful effect. This effect is still more noticeable with our own indigenous trees when growing in the park ; for, as one star differeth from another in glory, so do the trees. A grass-walk is constructed down the middle of this part of the grounds ; at the end, for a consider- able distance, is a herbaceous border on both sides. It was as gay and varied as it well could be made. Hydrangeas, Lilies, Tritomas, Phloxes, Asters, Kud- beckias, Helianthus, and other bright flowers, were all glancing in the sunlight. The prevalence of yellow flowers suggested Campbell's lines — " Yellow flowers of autumn, how beautiful ye are, Shining from your glossy stems like many a golden star." Janwabt 7, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 11 As Mr. Wolley Dod and Mrs. Sneyd are great friends, it is only natural that this border should be a great success, for no one could gi?e better advice on its management than Mr. Dod. The kitchen garden is not large, but it is very well cultivated. The houses are very interesting, and are not merely filled with small Palms and plants for decoration. What a world of contempt some gar- deners put into the word "decorative stuff! " The most notable houses are a large lean-to show-house, where the flowers are tastefully grouped ; a high conservatory, in which are some specimen Azaleas and Camellias, and two high plants of Fuchsia Beacon, which partly covered the roof at the time of my visit ; and a fernery, which, if it had been formed by Mr. Birkenhead, could not have been made any prettier than it is. The houses for fruit-growing — well, as Mr. Wallis is in charge of them, I need say nothing as to their well doing ; that can be taken for granted. I was very sorry that I was too late to see the Peaches, as except some late varieties like Sea Eagle, they had all been gathered. The vineries, however, were at their best for all varieties except Hamburgh. Golden (iaeen— a very apt name for it -was pro- ducing a heavy crop of large perfectly- finished bunches. The deep colour and heavy bloom on Black Morocco was a great contrast to the golden hue of the Queen. A seldom - grown llrape was Muscat Champion; it is said to have been a cross between a Hamburgh and a Muscat, and colour and flavour bear out this idea. It was raised by the late Mr. Meredith. An amusing anecdote is told with regard to this Grape. At dinner one night, a guest remarked to his host, observing a dish of this Grape, " Those Grapes are not ripe, or else they were very badly grown and finished. " "They are neither," replied the host. " I have grown Grapes all my life, and I ought to know." "Taste and see," was the host's second reply. The guest did so, and had to confess they were almost, if not quite, the best variety for flavour he had ever tasted. A large Fig-house will soon be entirely filled by one very vigorous Fig. Vagahond. PITCHER - PLANTS AND FKAXK INCENSE. TiiK HisTOBv OK S.\Ru.icK.>«iA. — Sarraceniss are wonderful enough as insect-trapping plants, singular enough in leaf-form, and beautiful enough in their flowers to attract attention from many quarters, but what connection there can be between the Olibanum, or Frankincense of Arabia, and the Pitcher-plants of North American swamps, it is not easy to see. Nevertheless, some of our forefathers seem to have thought there was such a connection, as we shall presently indicate. The French botanist Tournefort has the credit cf having introduced the Sarracenia to the notice of botanists, and although we shall show that some- thing was known of the plants long before his time, we are not going to detract in any way from the merit pertaining to him for having given the first accurate account of the genus accompanied by excel- lent figures of the flower. As it is not under Sarracenia that one must look for the early history of the plant, but under " Thus," or under "Limoniura," it is only by accident that the student gets upon the right track. When once started, progress is not difficult, and the history is curious enough to interest the plant-lover. We shall, therefore, allude in chronological order, to the history, so far as we have been able to unravel it. The earliest notice we have lighted on is in Pena and Mathia de Lobel's Slirpium AJi'ersaria mia, LindiiU, l.')7U. In this volume, at p. 430, is a figure, showing two leaves, which are without doubt those of what we now call Sarracenia, but which were then attributed, doubtfully, to the Frankincense tree : "Thuris limpidi folium aiunt." It is expressly stated that the leaf had not been figured previously, and that it differed from others in being double, or made up of two coats from the stalk upwards to the hood, the resemblance to the flowers of Napellua [Aconitum] and Lonchitis [?] being pointed out. We quote the exact words, tlie meaning of which is obvious, though we do not find it easy to construe them satisfactorily : — " Rupelle occidui maris quadrienniu ferme est cum doctus medicus LauDatus DOS gummi istius glebis, arboris fructu et folio donavit. Asserabat nihil tamen, sed sibi relatum a nautis utriuque, trunci I'ino iitnilis sobole ease. At folium, Via. 2. — "Thuris Limpidi kolum L'Odelv. The supiMDHcd leafe of the bright shitiiii)^ Frankinceuse tree." Qorard. Herbal, p. 1217 (after Tabernx-moiitauus). quia valdo quiim rariim neqiie dum ab utlo dcpictum hio dedimua magia sciscitaturi. sit ne Uesitiiferm plante quam userturi est nam'iue; quod rare contiiigil aliis, ab imo pediculo, ad aummum usque eucultp verticem. duplicatum qua-si ex geminis coullatum, tenuibua tuniois vagina seaqui- palmitm longa, instar infuodibuli, hiantia histrionia sp^'ciem pnii se ferentis ; iujiernc f;Ql*^^ta videtur, quod de tloribus Napellt et Loncbitide non de foliis utlis memorant auctore?." Via. 3.— "THUnis FOLIUM cucullitum," from Chabrtcus' Stirpium /cones (1886), p. 73; the same figure as in John Bauliin's lliitoria. In 157.5 was published the Cosmographie Uni- versfl, by Thevet. In the first volume of this work, at p. 119, is an account and a figure showing the mode of extracting the "encena" by means of incisions into the bark, the gum- resin being afterwards scraped off and packed in jars. A Palm tree and some pyramidal trees which may be meant to represent Cypresses or Junipers, are shown in the background, but nothing in the least like a Sarracenia. Thevet, then, the great authority of his time on Frankincense and similar things, is not answerable for the collocation of two such diverse things as the Pitcher-plants and the Frankincense. In Dodonis, Stirpium Pemplades (1583), we have not discovered anything relating to the matter under consideration. Dah-champ's Historia Omnium IHantamm was pub- lished in 1586, and in it we find mention of the " Arbor thurifera Theveti," just mentioned, and a figure of the " Thuris limpidi folium Pens," the whole copied from L'Obel. In 1588 was published the first edition of Jacob Thoodor Tahernamontamis nrite VoUkommenc Kraii- terbuch, an edition of which was published at Basle in 1(301, by Caspar Bauhin. In the original edition, vol. ii., p. G\-i, cap. iii., under the head " Weyranch, Thus," is a figure showing a portion of the stem of a tree with lumps of gum or resin exuding from it ; and, on the right, two leaves, which appear to be those of Sarracenia, but which are provided, probably, from the artist's imagination, with fine hairs. In 15!)7 the first edition of Gerard's ffcrte? was issued. In this volume, p. 1-17, under the heading " Abor Thurifera, the Frankincense tree— Thuris Limpidi folium L'Obely— the supposed leafe of the bright shining Frankiu- cense tree," the same illustration as that given in Taberna-Muontanus before referred to is given, and a copy of which we append at fig. 2, omitting, how- ever, the resin-bearing trunk. Gerard gives a trans- lation of the passage in Pena and De L'Oliel, which we have cited before. Siys Gerard, " Pena writeth that he hath seene the cleere Frankensence called Limpidum, and yeelding a very sweete smell when it Is burnt, but the leafe hath beene seldome seene, which the Physition Laumanus [spelt Launatus by L'Obel], seemeth to set out thus, although it be not certain whether it be the leafe of the Fifikincense, or of some other Pine tree, yeelding the like juice or gum. It is, saith he, which doth seldome happen in other leaves, from the lower part or foote of the leafe to the upper ende, as it were doubled, con- sisting of two thinne rinds or coates, with a •heath a span and a halfe long at the top, gaping open like a whoode or fooles cockacombe, and as it were covered with a helmet, which is a thing seldom seene in a leafe, but is proper to Leekes or Lonchitis as writers alfirme." As we have seen, L'Obel compares it more appropriately with Napellus. In Johnson's edition (ICiSl!) of Gerard's Herbal, at p. 1435, the history given in the first edition is repeated, with a few amplifications. It is pointed out that the Physition Laumanus gave to Pena and L'Obel a leaf, " together with some pieces of the Kosine which he had of certaine mariners, but he could aflirme nothing of certainty, whether it were the leafe of the Frankincense, or of some other Pine tree yeelding the like juyce or gum." Johnson also compares the leaves to the Uowera of jNapellus or Lonchitis ; and not to Leekes, as Gerar^ originally did. The woodcut in Johnson's edition is difl'erent from that in the older one ; the Sarracenia leaves represented are smaller, and in a reversed position, as if they had been copied from the older woodcut. It is rather singular that Johnson did not take note of the important account published by Clusius more than thirty years previously ; Cliisiiis' lliitoria dates from IGOl. In that work, at lib. iiij., cap. Iv., p. Ixxxij.,we find an excellent representation of a plant of Sarracenia purpurea taken from a drawing of a living plant, and showing a tuft of leaves surrounding the remains of the flower-stalk. Clusius having no flower before him did not know exactly where to range these leaves in the system, but referred them to the neighbourhood of Limonium, speaking of the plant as "Limonio congener." Limonium is now what we call Sea Lavender, or Statice, and we fail to see any connection between Sarracena and Statice beyond what arises from their both being found in 12 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [jAunAEY 7, 1S93. muddy (Iimu8 = mai1) places, like the " Oatrete limi- colai " of the classical writers. It may be well to cite exactly what Olusius says in the original Latin, a translation of which will be found later on : — "Perepirina prorsiis et elegans est hjec planta ciijus icouem et resiccatu folium Lutetia usq ; ad me mittebat humanus vir et diligentissimus Pharmacopoeus Chudius Gonier qui siccam ea et confracto caule mutila Ulysipon, veluti ad me scribebat acceperat. Sunt veru huic plantEe (Claudio teste), folia novem decem aut plura a summo radicis capite prodeuutia quorum forma ab omnium quas unquam vitlerim stirpium foliis diversa est (juia cava sunt, flora Aristolocbia? instar tumente alvo et Teluti paleari preedito gibba dorso. infima parte augusto. . . . Katales uon iudicati neque quo tempore flores det notandum." The description given by Clusius is accurate, so far as it goes, and, assisted by the excellent woodcut, there is not the slightest difficulty in recognising what we now know as Sarracenia purpurea. Clusius knew nothing of the native locality, and says nothing about Frankincense. Bauhin's Pinax (1623), p. 192, has "Limonium peregrinum foliis forma floris Aristolochiai ; " but Bauhin adds nothing to what was previously known to Clusius. Parkinson (1040) in his Theater of Plants, p. 123.5, copies Clusius' figure under the title, " The hollow- leaved strange plant of Clusius." "This •trange plant hath such strange leaves, as the like are seldomeseene in any other that we know growing, for they are nine or ten or more rising from the head of a small long roote, each by itaelfe, being small below, and growing greater upwards with a belly as it were bunching forth and a bowing backe, hollow at the upper end with a peece thereon like a flappe and like unto the flower of Aristolochia or Birthwort, and round at the mouth like a half circle full of greate darke purplish veines on the inside ; the whole leafe is of a thicke substance almost like unto leather ; among these leaves sprang a stalke, but was broken short of, so that what flower or seed it bore could not be observed. This was sent to Clusius from Paris by one that received it from Lis- bone in the same manner. But of late, Master John Tradescant the younger found this very plant in Virginia, having his toppe thereon, which he brought home, and groweth with him, which 1 here shew you with Clusius his figure." Here we have the first indication of any member of the genus being in cultivation, and that in Eng- land, but from what will appear later on, the species grown by Tradescant appears to have been S. flava rather than S. purpurea. Parkinson's account is a paraphrase from that of Clusius, and to it he adds the just remark ; " It eeemeth to mee that L'Obel's Thuris limpidi folium is this (i.e., Clusius' Limonio congener). " In John Bauhin's Hi^toria Plantamm Khrodimi (Yverdun), 1050, we also find a copy of L'Obel's account, and figures of three leaves, two similar to, but not identical with, those given by Tabernsemon- tanus and Gerard, and a third, which we see for the first time, and which evidently represents the Sarra- cenia variolaris of Carolina and the Southern States. In Chabrajus Stirpium hones et Sciagraphia (1600), at p. 73, the three figures just alluded to are re- peated. Chabrajus' figure is entitled " Thuris folium cucullatum " (fig. 3), and he goes on to tell us that this hood-shaped and beautiful leaf was occasionally brought from Florida. " Speciosum cucullatum et canaliculatum hoc folium, quod e Florida adferri •olet, pingnnt etiam Adversaria et Thuris limpidi folium inscribunt." The " Adversaria " being, of course, the work of Pena and L'Obel before alluded to. Chabrieus goes on to say that his /co» was taken from Thevet's book, already alluded to, but Thevet gives no figure of a Sarracenia leaf, nor so far as we can find, any reference to it. Plukenet, in his Almagntum (1096), 72, and in his Amaltheum (1705, t. 370), t. 0, figures Sarracenia purpurea ; and at t. 152, f. 3, of the latter work, under the name Bucanephyllon elatius Virginianum e limonio congeneria altera species elatior foliis triplo longior, gives a figure of Sarracenia flava. S. pur- purea is also figured in the Amaltheum, pi. 5, f. 45. Morison, in his Plantarum historiis Universalis (1680), Fart III., sect, xiii., p. 533 (we quote from Bobart's edition of 1099), refers to our plant under the name " Coilophyllum virginianum folio breviore, flore pur- purascente, nobis — " and cites the synonyms of Clusius and Bauhin previously mentioned. Morison's specimen was received from Virginia through Banister. Morison is also said to mention in 1080, a Coilophyllum virginianum, longiore folio erecto luteo, a description which applies to S. flava. We now come to the first adequate publication of the genus, accompanied by excellent representations of the flower. This was in Tournefort's Institutiones, tom. i., p. 657, t. 470, we quote from the third edition published in 1719 (the first was issued in 1700). Tournefort describes his Sarracena canadensis foliis cavis et auritis, and goes on to tell us that he named the genus Sarracena [not Sarracenia as usually written], in honour of Dr. Sarrazin, a doctor of medicine, and regius professor of anatomy and botany, who out of his great kindness sent the plant to Tournefort from Canada. What we now call Sarracenia purpurea was there- fore the first of the race to receive a name in modern form. It extends, according to Macoun, from Labrador, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as Bear Lake, but is quite unknown as a wild plant in Arabia, indeed in the Eastern hemisphere. In 1750 a summary of existing knowledge on the subject was given in Hales' Compkat Body of Husbandry, as follows : — " Leaves long before the flowers were seen in Europe were sent over from America as curiosities ; with these the old English botanists became acquainted, and figured them, though without any account of the flower. They call it in their own language the strange hollow-leaved plant, and after Clusius, who from the imperfect account he had been able to obtain of the herb, supposed it related to the Sea Lavender, Limonio congener .... Bauhine supposing it of the Limonium kind, called it fjimo- nium peregrinum foliis forma floris Aristolochia). Plukenet, better acquainted with its nature, named it Bucanephyllum, and Morison, Coilophyllum. .... That there were two species of the plant was not understood at first, and thence Clusius, by whose means we became acquainted with the plant, •utTered some censure. He had received a leaf, and a figure of more leaves, from an apothecary of another nation, Conier, to whom it had come through several haods from America. Our famous Tradescant brought over the other species (flava) from America soon after, and the leaves being much longer and narrower than in Clusius' figure, he was supposed to have given them imperfectly. Since his time we find Clusius was right, and Tradescant's the other species." We cannot now pursue the matter further, it must suffice to say that we have shown that the Canadian species was known to Pena and de L'Obel as early as 1570. A second species, S. flava, was also brought over and grown by Tradescant before 1040. A third, Floridan species, was also known as early as 1050. In some way or another the Canadian and the Florida species became mixed up with the Frankin- cense trees, and their leaves were supposed to be those of a tree or trees yielding that substance. Sarracenia, as now known, has nothing whatever to do with Frankincense. The association, such as it is, must be laid to th5 hear-say evidence retailed by the " phjsition " Launatus. L'Obel and those who followed him were rightly cautious in repeating his story, but they were good enough also to give illustrations which, as we have seen, push back the history of Sarracenia much further than is generally known. Sir George Birdwood, in his exhaustive paper on the genua Boswellia, in the Transactions of the Linnean Society, xxvi. (1871), iii., summarisea the history of Frankincense, and of the plants pro- ducing it, even quoting Gerard, but apparently overlooking the statement and figure relating to the Sarracenia, as also do Fluckiger and Hanbnry. The first Sarracenia known was, therefore, that which we now call S. purpurea, figured in Bot. Mag., t, 849, and which we have traced back to 1570. It was introduced to cultivation, according to Alton's Hortus Kcwensis, by Mr. John Tradescant, jun., before the year 1040. The second was S. flava, figured in Bot. Mag., t. 780, also introduced by Tradescant. The third was what we know now as S. variolaris, of Michaux, tlor. i., 310, Bot. Mag., 1. 1710, and which we have now followed to the time of John Bauhin (1650), but which was not introduced into cultiva- tion till 1803. The other species, most of which have been figured in these columns, are of more recent introduction. Some of our readers will probably care little for such old-time lore ; hence, to bring the history down to our times, we may refer to our monograph of all the species and varieties known in cultivation in our volume for 1881 ; to Mr. Boulger's paper on the insect-catching propensities of these plants in the •ame volume, p. 627 ; while for their cultivation, we cannot do better than call the reader's attention to Mr. Bainea' communication at p. 280 of the volume for 1878. M. T. M. THE WEEPING SPRUCE. It had been my desire for the last three years to visit the group of Weeping Spruce (P;cea Brewer- iana) growing on the summit of the Siskiyou Moun- tains, in Siskiyou County, California, and having learned this year that the other Conifers in the northern part of the state were seeding, I determined to visit the grove and obtain seed, if possible. In company with my father, Mr. Robert Douglas, of Waukegan, Illinois, we went to Grant's Pass, Oregon, the nearest railroad station to the grove, where we procured horses and drove the first day to Anderaons about 20 milea from Grant's Pass. Owing to heavy rains we did not reach Waldo until about four o'clock next day, where we engaged a guide, saddle- horses, and pack-animals, and left for the trees early the morning after, reaching the " Big Meadows," on the summit of the Siskiyoua, about four o'clock, having travelled about 21 miles in a horizontal direction and more than 1 mile in altitude. Waldo is about 1500 feet above sea-level, and our camping- place was about 7500 feet. The trail over which we came was made by a Spanish packer for the trans- portation of provisions from Waldo, Oregon, to Happy Camp, a mining town in California. It is a fair trail for such a rough country, but it is not a macadamized road. We slept that night with some evergreen boughs under us and the blue sky over us part of the night, and the most dense fog I have ever seen for the remainder of the night. The next morning we walked up the trail about a mile and a half to the few scattering Weeping Spruces, about aixty in number, which had attained a height of 25 feet, at which size they begin to bear seed ; but we found that most of the trees under 50 feet had very imperfect seeds. The cones are from 2.J to 3iJ inches in length and J inch in diameter, of a fine purplish colour. They mostly grow on the extreme top and ends of upper branches. The beauty of the trees far surpassed my expectations. They have the true Spruce form, tall and symmetrical, with horizonal branches, and a beautiful green colour. In their general features they resemble a well-grown Norway Spruce, but their distinguishing beauty is in their long, pliant, pendulous branchlets, which hang straight down from the branches to a length of 6 or 8 feet on the older trees, while they are no larger round than a lead-pencil. They have a atately grace in calm weather, but their characteristic impressive- ness is only seen when the long flexible branches are undulating in a light breeze, or streaming before a gale. The bark of this Spruce is thin, smooth, and red- dish in colour ; the wood is white, and very tough. The tree felled several years ago by Mr. T. S. Brandegee for the Jeeup collection, shows no sign of decay as yet. The largest tree in this grove^if grove it can be called, where the trees are scat- tered over a space of 50 acres, mixed with Firs and Incense Cedars — we found to be by actual measurement 121 feet 6 inches high, January 7, 1893 ] TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 13 with a trank 2 feet 11 inches in diameter TJ^ feet from the ground. Below that height the trunk swelled to a much greater size. Other trees were more than yO feet high, with about the same diameter. My father left for San Francisco on the second day, but as the trees were seeding heavily, I remained ten days longer, and collected 800 lb. of cones, out of which we will get some 20 lb. of fine clean seed, the first, I believe, ever collected. I found another grove of about twenty trees some two miles from this one, but could see very few seedlings in either place. In both groves the trees were growing on the north side of the highest peaks, where the snow lies 15 or 20 feet deep, as the mail-carriers' signs show ; and I can therefore believe the Weeping Spruce will be hardy in most parts of the East. Later in the season I made another trip to these groves to get as many seedlings as 1 could, and hunt up more trees if possible. Mr. Orrin llussell, who has lived in this part of the country for more than twenty years, and who is exceptionally well-informed, reported that a few Weeping Spruces grew on the Coast-range in Oregon. I visited him at his mines after I had collected and shipped the few seedlings I could find on the Siskiyou Mountains, and in com- pany with his brother, Mr. Joseph llussell, found the trees at the place indicated — on the summit of the Coast-range, on the divide between Canon Creek and Fiddler's Gulch. This is the first time, so far as I know, that any record has been made of these trees in Oregon. We also discovered a few more about a mile south-west of the first grove. They are widely scattered, and in a dense forest of Firs and Douglas Spruce, and taller than those on the Siskiybu Mountains, but have a smaller trunk diameter. We spent two days collecting the seed- lings. Mr. Orrin Kussell informed me that he knew of about a dozen trees at the head of Sucker Creek, in the Siskiyous, which I would have visited had I not been prevented by heavy snow. Tliomas H. Douglas, in " Garden and Foreit." [A figure of the cone of this species is given in our volume for 18^(5, Aprill7, p. 497. Ed.] Foreign Correspondence. SWEET-SCENTED WHITE FORGET-ME-NOT. ERITRICniUM NOTHOFULV0M, Cray. It was a pleasure for me to see the other day this pretty Forget- me- not advertised in the novelty catalogue of a Pallanza (Italy) seedhouse. But few words of recommendation were given it, and it seems to me that I, who enjoy its beauty in its native home, ought to say a word more in its favour. Though not a true Forget-me-not, it is a close relation of that old favoured flower, and not to be distinguished from it by a non-botRuist. It haa the same habit, unrolls its flowers in the same way as a Forget-me-not, and can be cultivated in any way you please. The flowers are a little larger than those of its relation, and of the purest white, being bright like varnish at the same time. The plants grow of all sizes. On dry hillsides, where the rain of our winter has no ground to soak in, it reaches the height of half an inch; and on the bank of the canal which runs through our place, it reaches .'! and even 4 feet, a great bush spreading with long and strong branches. The usual size, though, is about 18 inches to 2 feet, and as such it is prettiest. In January, when the first grass grows on our hills, and the warm sun stirs plant -life anew, then the teed germinates, and the young plant will have to suffer very heavy rains, and many a cold frost. In April and May, it it in bloom, and, like all our fiowert, it covers the ground when its season has come. You do not tee anything else where it growi, and delicious is its perfume, filling the air after the scorching sun has gone behind the hills. I can- not say whether the icent resembles most that of a Heliotrope, or a Stock, or a Wallflower. But which- ever it is, it it very sweet, and I appreciate it most when I take a walk after sunset. While you are gathering I'oppies and Batcbelor'a-buttons walking in the fliilds, we pick a bouquet of sweet Forget-me- nots and pretty-eyed Nemophilat and Eschscholtzia. Messrs. Hillebrand and Bredemeier, the intro- ducers, recommend it for cut flowers. I hardly think they could put a better novelty before the gardener and plant-lover. But they have not recom- mended it for the purpose which I feel sure it will moit be put to in England. Of all the countries I have seen, England is the only one in which her- baceoat flowers are put to the use which they ought to have. There is hardly a group in any of the parks, ''public or private, which is not bordered with pretty flowers, perennials, or bulbs. That is where the new white, scented Forget-me-not ought to find its place. It is hardy, and, though an annual, is sure to seed itself, and stay where once put. The many conditions under which it is satis- fied here in its home prove that it will do anywhere, care or no care. Geo. Hansen, Pah Alto, California. Washinqtonia filifeha. In reply to " W. W.'s " criticism, December 3, p. 677, in regard to the photograph you published of my Washingtonia filifera, I would like to state that my Palm is undoubtedly the true form of W. filifera, commonly called here the Californian Fan Falm, and it is quite distinct from any of the Sabals, of which I have plants of three varieties growing — Palmetto, Adansoni, and umbraculifera ; and whereas the petioles of the Sabals are quite free from spines, the plant illustrated possesses both these, and the thread-like filaments which " W. W." states are sufticient to distinguish it from other Palms. The plant in question, and the Sabal alluded to, are about of the same size. The Sabal was planted twenty-three years ago, and the Washing- tonia just seven years, so that even if I had any doubts of it, " W. W. ' has made it quite clear. I might also state that the petioles on the Sabal are persistent, but in^the Washingtonias they fall off with age. As regards both Washingtonia filifera and W. robusta, I have what we consider the two varie- ties growing side by side. Washingtonia filifera does not grow as fast as W, robusta, and the leaves last longer on W. robusta, and are not so filamentous as in W. filifera. The W. filifera has longer stem, and the leaves are larger than those of W. robusta. 1 quite agree with " W. W." saying one can be made to do duty for the other in a young state, there being very little diflTerence between them. H. Papworth, New Orleam, Sdnsy Italy. How glorious it it to ipend the winter in Italy. While those at home are experiencing fogs, frosts, and snow, we may stroll under the shade of the Olive trees and I'alms, fanned by soft sea-breezes laden with aromatic perfumes, while the golden fruit of Oranges and Lemons hang temptingly in view. Then how unique and interesting in their total newness are the gardens and towns, the latter all along the coast here are built on the steep hill- sides, and with their narrow alleys, tunnelled passages, curious gables and corners, give ample material for the brush of the artist. But at present, thinking it might be interesting to some of your readers, I wanted to say a few words on the large and ever-increasing export cut flower trade carried on along these sunny shores. The summers here are so excessively hot, that vegetation is literally scorched up, and in the autumn many things present the appearance of having braved the vicissitudes of an English winter, the Koses having only a few yellow leaves on them. The seasons are quite reversed, and autumn means re-awakening, and the autumn rains call all into fresh life. An English gardener if transported to the flower Bursery of one of these southern growers, take that of Messrs. C. Riva & Son, would be somewhat surprised. Away as far as the eye can reach stretches the blue Mediterranean Sea, with the blue, blue sky above ; behind, run up for hundreds of feet the steep rocky mountains, the lower parts clothed with Olives. One would ntver imagine these hills could be culti- vated, but centuries have mellowed the softer stones into a soil of fair quality. It is interesting to examine the stones in their various stages ; at first it requires a hammer to break some, and finally, when in its last stage as a stone, you can crumble it between your fingers. The hills are so steep, however, that the fertile parts cannot be utilised as Nature leaves them, so man steps in with his art and terraces the mountain-sides. As you gaze up, a series of about forty terraces rise one above the other, until they seem to reach the sky, and the workmen above look like mites. On these terraces are cultivated the Roses, &c., for exportation all over Europe. At may be guessed, the making of such a garden entailt much labour and expense ; the stones to form the walls have to be quarried, and carried up the moun- tains by men and mules ; then the soil has to be worked to a depth of 5 or G feet, to allow the roott of the Roses to descend — their only chance of sur- viving the summer drought. Huge tanks are also made to catch the rain-water required for the Car- nations and smaller plants in summer. Here are grown thousands of Roses, great bushes, which have to be hard pruned to keep them within bounds. September and October are the pruning months, those first pruned giving the first flower. After pruning, the ground is all dug over, the Roses mulched with manure and night-soil, and everything made trim and tidy for the season ; save an occa- sional dusting with sulphur, all that remains to be done is to cut the flowers. As the winter advances, the floweis increase, until mule-loads of Roses, Hyacinths, Jonquils, S;c., are brought down from the mountain-sides, and conveyed to the large and com- modious packing-rooms newly erected, where busy fingers pack the flowers cart-fully in papered and wadded boxes, for these flowers go long distances to Austria, Germany, Denmark, Holland, and even Russia. England is also marked for invasion ai soon as the new plantations are in full enough bear- ing to supply the extra demand. A great number of varieties of Koses are grown here ; among them are found in large numbers Marie van lloutte, Mar6chal Niel, Souvenir de la Malmaison, Safrano, Gloire de Dijon, Madame Bernard, Lamar()ue, Paul Nabonnaud, Papa Gontier, &c. James Macfarlane, Vcniimiglia. The Week's Work. FORESTRY. lii/ J. B. Wr.iisTKU, rairvu-w, .stuu'jinnre, nmigannnn. SUBJECTS FOR UNDERWOOD IN GAME COVERTS. — In planting coverts for ornament and utility combined, Kalmia in its several attractive species and varieties, is well worthy the attention of the planter. They are, however, rather expensive to be planted in large quantities, but they may be planted with good effect here and there in the form of groups, or mixed with other plants where they can be seen from the walks and drives. I have employed Kalmiasas ornamental covert plants for many years, and not only are they quite hardy at well as attractive, but also game-proof, which it another great recommendation. All Kalmias thrive best on a loose open soil, the better if well mixed with peat ; but where peat cannot be obtained except at great cost, thoroughly decayed leaf- mould may be used as a substitute for it. Although the tpecies.il evergreen, jet when the plants are planted in very exposed positions, some of the species will I'occa- sionally shed part of their leaves during excep- tionally severe winters ; but this never prevent! their flowering at the proper season. Aroatears living in suburban villas and elsewhere should grow these plants, as they form nice tidy, compact speci- mens, that seldom require to be pruned to keep them in shape, and on which account they are exceptionally well-suited for small gardens and the centres of flower-beds. They are likewise suitable for pot-culture, which is another point in their favour, and when placed in balls, or on a balcony, when in full flower, they have a clean, tidy, charm- ing appearance, which never fails to attract attention. The following are a few of the best for coverts and for ornament :— The glaucous-leaved Kalmia, K. glauca, is a native of Canada and different parts of the United States, and was introduced into this country in 1707, and has not only proved to be thoroughly hardy, but it is also one of the freest flowering species. Its contour is that of a compact 14 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jakuaey 7, 1893. round-headed bush, some 20 inches high, well- clothed with leaves of a glossy greeu colour above, and silvery on the under side. The flowers, which are produced in great abundance, generally appear in April, and are arranged in terminal corymbs of a reddish-pink colour, and as exact in form and out- line as it cast in a mould. There are several varieties of this species, the flowers of which exhibit difl"erent tints of colour, and as they are all remarkably hand- some and require but small space, they are very suitable for planting in the front line of plants of a more robust habit of growth. The bush or mountain Laurel, K. latifolia, is likewise a native of Canada and some parts of the Inited States, and is said to have been introduced into this country about the year 173-t, and it is proved to be hardy in most situations. It is, however, of a larger size than the former species, and in Ireland I have had plants which attained the height of some 0 feet. The flowers are the largest of any of the genus to which it belongs, of a fresh pink colour, and produced at the terminal points of the branches and twigs in the month of June. It makes a remarkably handsome specimen, and is well adapted for planting here and there along the margins of woods where it has the advan- tage of shelter and sunlight. There is a variety of this species known as K. myrtifolia, and although it is of a miniature size in every respect as compared with the Bpecie8,yet it is remarkably handsome, and well worthy of a place among ornamental covert plants. It is also well adapted for pot culture, and amateurs can get no prettier little plant for their small gardens. The narrow-leaved Kalmia, K, angustifolia, is a very distinct species from North America, where it is said to be found principally in boggy ground in the low country, as well as in upland districts of that countrv. It was first introduced into this country in 17313, and has proved to be thoroughly haidy. The finest plants which I have ever grown of this were planted on reclaimed Irish peatbog, and when fully established, it forms a close round- headed bush some 30 inches high. As its name implies, its foliage is of a lesser size than that of any of the former species, of a glossv light green colour, and when loaded with its pretty pink flowers in early summer, it is remarkably handsome and attractive. There are several varieties of this species in cultivjtion, all of which are very handsome and ornamental. K. var. pumila has a great resemblance to the species in flower and foliage, but is of a less robust habit of growth, and requires less space for its development. The contour of K. var. rubra is similar to that of the species, but the flowers are of a deeper red colour, and on which account, when planted along with others, it shows contrast and variety. PLANTS UNDER GLASS. Jt*'/ Bailkv WADI13. Gardener, Birdsall Gardens, Yorh. SWEET-SCENTED FLOWERS. -Where there is a demand for sweet-ecented flowers. Gardenia florida and G. radicans, that may be in pots and are full of roots, should receive a top-dressing of rich loam and eheep-dung, and waterings of tepid liquid manure made from one of the many plant foods now in use. Posoqueria grandiflora and P. multiflora want attention at this season, or cockroaches and woodlice will devour the young buds and leaves; if growing in pots, set them on an inverted flower-pot in a pan filled with water, and place phosphorus- paste about for the pests. Posoquerias bloom pro- fusely when planted out into a bed where they can obtain a nice bottom-heat; their long white bell- shaped flowers are useful for many purposes. The plants are gross feeders, and like a well-drained pot or border. The compost should consist of good loam, dry cow-durg, and silver-sand, with a good supply of chemical food. Pergularia odoratissima, 80 seldom seen in good flowering condition, should be planted into a bed, and the shoots allowed to ramble freely, the delicious fragrance of its Primrose Bowers will repay the care given. Give cood loam, leaf-mou'd, and sand, and drain well. Stephanotis floribunda growing in bottom-heat and showing flower, should have abundance of water. Stove tem- perature should be 00° to 05° by night, 70° to 75° by day ; syringe the plants once during the day if sunny, and well damp the floors. A water-tank in the house with hot- water pipes passing through is an e.xcellent contrivance. FORCING HOUSE.— Continue to introduce fresh plants as required of Kreesias (which should be kept as near the glass as possible, and at the cooler end of the house), also Lily of the Valley, Sweet Briar, Azalea indica, A. mollis, Lilacs, Callas, Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, &c. Plants of Toxicophloea spectabile that were grown well in heat during the past season and rested for a time in a cool house, if placed in heat will soon be a mass of sweet white flowers. CONSERVATORY.— Re-arrange this as often as often as possible to obtain sweetness and freshness ; during severe frosts keep the floors as dry as possible. The temperature should be 4.5° to 50° by night, and 55° to G0° by day, and give air when practicable. Old plants of Luculia gratissima on walls or pillars should be well pruned-in after flower- ing, and kept rather dry for a time. The American Smilax in borders or boxes allowed to twine itself on strings from the floor to the roof, is very sweet and delicate. The diflferent varieties of scented Gera- niums should be well represented, there is nothing more useful. ZONAL PELARGONIUMS. —When required for decoration during the winter months, they should be grown in G inch pots in good loam and fresh horse- dung. If grown, rested, then pushed on in heat in batches of about fifty, they will well repay the trouble. The best varieties for this purpose are John Gibbons, llenri Jacoby, and A. E. liaspail. The temperature should be at night 50° to 55°, and during day from 65° to 70° ; give plenty of air on fine days. VIOLETS IN FRAMES.— The severe weather of the past week has been bad for these. Cover well at night with dry mats, and remove the covering as soon as possible every day. Give air if the weather permits, by wood chocks at the back of frame ; shut up early, and cover up early. When the severe weather is over they will require to be picked over. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Take cuttings of these as soon as they can be obtained, and strike in 5-inch pots in a frame or cool-house ; make selections of each sorts required to be grown in 10-inch pots for decorative purposes. For early work there is nothing better than Madame Desgranges, white and yellow ; Mrs. Geo. Rundle, Mr. Geo. Glenny, Mrs. Dixon, and Elaine. For Christmas-work — Madame Lacroix, Ethel, Julie, Lagravere, and Peter the Great; a good batch of these, grown without training or disbudding, are most useful for house or church decoration. Cuttings taken from young strong plants at the end of June, and struck singly in 6-inch pots, filled with good soil, and a layer of sea-sand on the top, results in splendid little plants covered with foliage to the pots, many of these producing two and three blooms fit for the exhibition-table, and most useful for grouping purposes. When the cuttings have been inserted, place the pots in a frame, and shade well ; they will soon strike, and may be placed in the open air in August. THE HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. By T. TUBTOX. Gardener, Maiden Krleijh, Iteadinrj, OLD ORCHARD TREES.— Where these exist, and have been in any way neglected in the matter of thinning of the branches, advantage should be taken of every opportunity given by the wintry weather we are now getting, and may reasonably expect to continue, by stopping work among the trees in the kitchen garden and on garden walls, to examine and carry out necessary work among these. See that the branches are well thinned-out of the centre of the crown, and any other part where they have become at all dense. The reason for this thinning-out of branches must be obvious to all, as without a free circulation of air and exposure to the sun, the fruit cannot ripen thoroughly, and hence not keep so well. Most of these remarks are as applicable to Plum and Damson trees as to Apple and Pear, and especially so as regards Damsnn trees, which, if left to themselves, become quite as dense as do Thorn trees, and more especially that now popular sort, Farleigh Prolific, or Crittenden. Trees that have become grown over with lichen should have their stems and thick branches well scrubbed with a stiff" brush, and after- wards dressed over with fresh slaked lime and soot, in the proportion of two parts lime, and one part soot, this being sullicient of the latter to tone down the glare of the lime, which might otherwise be con- sidered objectionable. For the stems and larger branches the whitewash- brush should be used, and the same dressing, diluted and passed through a fine sieve, should be applied to the remainder of the tree with a syringe. For trees infested with American blight, since the introduction of the Stott syringe with spray- noziile, the matter of exterminating this, the most harmful of all pests infesting fruit trees, is now a simple matter, and must be dealt with at once. Petroleum is a sure remedy, and in careful hands may be used with perfect safety in the proportion of half a pint of the oil to 3 gallons of water, great care being taken to keep the mixture well stirred up whilst using it. The " Killmright " insecticide may likewise be used without any risk, in the proportion of 4 oz. to the gallon of water; or, if with the Stott syringe, by an arrangement made in the same for holding the insecticide, a second application of the Killmright may be necessary. YOUNGER ORCHARD TREES.— Trees which may have been planted from eight to twelve years, or even longer, and consequently have now begun to bear fruit freely, should be attended to in the matter of pruning and thinning the shoots and branches on the inside of the heads, so as to keep the latter well open ; and also in each case take ofT one of two crossing branches, and smooth off all sawn parts with a strong pruning-knife. Much assistance may be aS"orded orchard trees growing in unsuitable soils by top-dresssings. Where the soil is shallow, and of a light and hungry nature, top-dress such soils forthwith with clay, or any heavy soil comeatable, which the frosts will pulverise, and the earth-worms work, or prepare channels for it to pass down to the roots. But if the soil is of a heavy nature, the top- dressing should be charred soil and burnt garden refuse, a plentiful supply of which should always be in readiness for use in the hardy fruit garden. THE FLOWER GARDEN. By T. W. CRiSP, Garden'.r, Canfnrd Mannr, Wimborne. LAWNS AND WALKS. — Work in the flower garden is at the present time at a standstill almost, still every opportunity should be seized of doing anything that requires attention, with a view of lightening the work when it recommences. If the weather is not too frosty, the cutting back and thinning the headsof shrubs, especially Laurels.. Rho- dodendrons, Hollies, &c., which are apt to get very un- sightly if they are allowed to become overgrown. The branches if cut back to the hard wood will look rather bare for a time, but they will break again very readily in the spring, and a neat and shapely appear- ance will take the place of their former ragged ones. In mild weather, lawns will claim a share of atten- tion, in the matter of sweeping and rolling, and all weeds spudded out or destroyed by means of one of the weed-killers now sold for the purpose. Care must be taken in using these " weed-killers " not to allow the stuff to fall where it is not wanted, or the lawn may look more unsightly than before. In the event of the turf being very weedy, and the soil impoverished, a top-dressing of sifted wood-ashes, soot, and a small portion of quicklime in powdery condition should be used after the weeding is finished, and the holes made by spudding filled in with stifBsh loam, trodden level and firm. Grass-seeds may be sown on turf which is sparsely furnished with grasses in March or April ; if sown earlier, it is very apt to be eaten by the birds. The present is a good time to mend gravel walks, frequently rolling them after rain or a thaw. Plenty of attention to rolling at this season will help very much to keep the walks in good condition in the summer-time, by forming a level hard surface. PROPAGATION OF BEDDING PLANTS.— It will soon be time to commence the propagation of some of the more tender bedding-plants if sufficient cuttings were not taken in the autumn. To obtain the cuttings which will strike easily, it is necessary to place the stock plants or autumn-struck cuttings of zonal Pelargoniums, Verbenas, Heliotropes, Ire- sines, and others used in summer bedding in an early Peach-bouse or vinery at work, where in a fortnight growth will commence, when and not pre- viously, cuttings can be taken. These, after suitable preparation, and without exposure in cold sheds, should be dibbled into shallow pans containing friable sandy soil, and placed in a gentle bottom-heat ; and in the case of Verbenas, Ileiiotropes, and Iresines in a close frame, or if in a house, they should be covered with hand-glasses or cloches. When rooted, pot them off singly, or box them. As the month advances, seeds of Acacia lophantha, Grevillea robusta, Melianthus major, and Canna indica in variety may be sown in warmth. They require a considerable time to germinate. When the plants are up, pot them oft in GO's, or pots a trifle larger than thumbs, eventually shifting them into small 4.S'8 or large GO's. The frost kills in most winters a large number of the planted Antirrhinums and Pentstemons, and should no cuttings have been taken in the autumn of these plants, seeds may now be sown in a greenhouse, which if suitably treated when they have germinated, will come into flower as early and be as useful as the old plants would have been. Jakuaky 7, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 15 HERBACEOUS BORDERS. — Where the formation of new herbaceous borders is contemplated, the work may be proceeded with during mild weather, when frost is out of the ground, affording the soil a good coat of manure, and digging it to the depth of at least 12 inches, or trenching it still deeper, and loosening the subsoil, but not throwing it up to the top. It is a well-known rale in planting to set the tallest plants at the back of the border, assuming that it has one face only, and grade the other plants according to the height to which they grow down to the edge, but this rule should not be too strictly adhered to, as an occasional Lily or any other plant not growing very strong when planted at intervals near to the edge of the border not only adds to the effect of the plants at the back, but breaks the formal outline of an evenly graded bank of plants. A good effect is produced at once by setting out herbaceous plants in large clumps, whereas if single specimens of Phloxes, Asters, Eryngiums, &c., are planted in a border, it takes nearly two years before they become conspicuous. Old herbaceous borders and beds should be tidied and made neat when the weather allows, so that the early bulbs and plants, as these come into bloom, will have a nice effect. THE ORCHID HOUSES. Bi/ W. HoLMlcs, Gitrdener, Picktrinj Ijidge, Tiinpzrls-J. GENERAL REMARKS.— It may be said truly that 1892 was not an Orchid-grower's year, so change- able was the weather, and so very little sun- heat. We shall find that a great many of the plants will not have ripened up their pseudobulbs sulli- ciently to flower so freely this year as we might expect, but the Dendrobiums and Cattleyas have ripened fairly well under the circumstances. We had a very severe frost on December 2.5, after a week'^ mild weather, when we had only to keep the pipes in the bouses just warm to maintain the proper temperatures at night; following that, we com- menced with 1.5^ of frost, and on two nights 22^. The large amount of artificial heat that we were compelled to use was a great change for plants which had hitherto not had a great deal this winter. The new year commenced with 12° of frost, but fine sunny weather allowed us to give air to the houses. As a plant that fills a place aimirably at this season, Cattleya labiata vera is a great addition to collections. The flowers afford at the opening of the year as fine a show as May and June can boast of, and too much praise cannot be given it, flowering, as it does, from October to .January. There are several forms or varieties of C. 1. vera, with light and very dark-coloured flowers, and all are worthy of cultivation when many cut flowers are rerjuired. In spite of the variety of colour in this plant, we should welcome more white ones. I should like to draw the attention of Orchid growers to the fact that the recently-imported Cattleya labiata vera, as I find them, have the same complaint as the original autumn-flowering labiata, vi/.., that if you do not keep a sharp eye on the pseudobulbs which have flowered, and cut clean away the sheath and flower- spike close to the bulb, the spike and sheath will decay, and carry decay to the new leaf and part of bulb. I used to find this to be the case years ago with the old variety, and perhaps this is due to the season at which the plant flowers ; but anyone noticing this will find it best to cut the aftected parts away, dusting the wounds with lime or powdered char- coal. Keep the plants moderately dry for a time at the roots at this season, but on no account allow any part of it to shrivel, as I find that if once it shrivels, it never does well again. Wetting the stage and the pots will keep the plants in good order for a time, and affording as much air as is prudent by the bottom ventilators of the house in suitable weather, is good for them — ours have never been closed on both sides as yet. The temperatuie of the Cattleya- house may remain at .'j.")'^ by night, and Go^ by day. Cattleya Bowringiana is another Cattleya to which 1 should like to draw attention, it being another of the autumn-flowering species, its season extending from the month of October to the end of I)t"cember. The plant is now passing out of flower, and it should be kept on the dry side, but I am no advocate for a great amount of drying-off being practiced on Cattleyas ; what I mean by the dry side is to water the plants once in ten days or a fortnight, accoidingto the kind of weather that may obtain. Keep this species at the cool part of the Cattleya- house until signs of new growth are observed, then remove it to a warmer part, and when in a growing state afford plenty of water. In potting C. Bowringiana, good peat and a little sphagnum should be used, and the plant kept high up above the rim of the pot, as its growths proceed downwards, and very often comes from beneath the previous year's pseudobulb, and sometimes get crippled before they get away. THE APIARY. i?y ElPERT. THE NEW SYSTEM.— So much attention is now centred on the new system of working hives with two queens, that next season will probably result in an universal trial of its merits. To those bee- keepers who do not feel disposed to go to the trouble, orexpense, of making a hive specially for the purpose of experiment, the introducer of the system, has drawn attention to the fact that ordinary storjifying hives can be utilised with little trouble, all that is necessary is to have two body boxes of an ordinary hive devoted to the brood nest instead of one, a per- forated division board being fixed in the centre of the lower one, and an ordinary division board iu the centre of the upper, to ensure that the queens are kept apart. By this means each queen will be provided with from ten to twelve frames in which to lay her eggs. A sheet of queen excluder zinc should, of course, be placed on the top of the frames in the upper body box, over which the super will be put. It must not be forgotten to give plenty of super room (double the ordinary space at least), or swarm- ing cannot possibly be prevented. The entrance to the hive must be divided so as to make two separate ones, or failing this an addition to the ordinary entrance must be provided elsewhere. Mr. Wells has lately given some useful information as to his treatment of swarms issuing from double hives. This is especially welcome, as the question of what to do when a double swarm issues, weighing 14 lb. or more, so as to restore the former order of things, and get a queen back again on each side of the perforated division, presented dilliculties that appeared almost insurmountable. lie states that if he is present when the swarm issues, he watches for the spot where the bees intend to settle, and, if possible, captures one of^he queens and cages her. When the hive is prepared for returning the swarm, the ciged queen is let loose in one half of the hive and the entrance to that portion blocked up. He then lets the whole double swarm run into the other half to which the entrance is open. The bees pass up through the excluder zinc and so populate both sides of the hive, with the result that it is queened as before swarming took place. If one rjueen cannot be captured as described, these double swarms, having two queens, generally settle in such a way as to show where each one is, by hanging in two lumps or clusters. If this be the case, each cluster should be separately shaken into two skeps. The skeps are then stood on the ground for a few minutes, and if the bees remain in them it may be taken for granted that there is a cjueen in each, and they can then be put back without trouble. Should this plan fail, Mr. Wells introduces a strange queen, if on hand, to one portion, blocking up the entrance as before mentioned, or failing that leaves a ripe queen cell on one aide of the hive, which is also blocked up, and returns the swarm to the other. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. «y H. C. I'KINSF.r. Girdater. llurtcd fivl.. I'cl.field. With the advent of a New Year it will be well to take a review of the wnrk in this department, in order to see how we are to proceed during the coming seasons. Those especially should pause to consider their plans who have to provide a constant supply of culinary vegetables, &c., for a large family, and have but a comparatively small piece of ground to culti- vate. It would materially assist young gardeners, and those who have recently changed their situations, if they were to make a plan, on paper, of their kitchen garden, and indicate on it where each and every kind of vegetable and fruit is to be grown, and where it is intended to sow and plant others at the proper season. Having done this, the next thing is to make out the seed-list, and send it in to the seedsman, for the sooner this is done the better will it be for all parties concerned. Seedtmen, as a rule, can more con- veniently attend to orders sent in thus early than they can when the press of business comes on ; and gardeners, on the other hand, w ill liave their supplies, so that they can sow seeds when they please. Making out a seed list is not so easy as some might imagine, especially for beginners, as there are so many points to take into consideration. SALADS. — Where a constant supply of these has to be kept up. Endive should now be in readiness for blanching, having been protected from frost by straw, mats, or other means. Until the present frost set in, Cos Lettuce was plentiful in the open garden, but owing to the recent severe weather, this has had to be protected, so that it might be ready when required. Chicory and Dandelion roots should be put into heat to blanch the new growth, which starts on this being done, either lifting and placing in the Mushroom-house, or by covering the plants with fermenting material in the open. Sow Mustard and Creae, to form a succession as required. HERBS. — Tarragon and Mint are so often wanted in the early spring, long before there are any signs of growth outside, and a few roots should be taken up and planted in pots or deep boxes. If these are placed where a gentle heat can be afforded them, young growth will soon make its appearance. Chervil is also much in request for flavouring pur- poses, so that a pan or two of this should be sown to succeed that in the open ground. Very little heat will be required after the seed has once ger- minated, and the pans should be kept as near the glass as possible to prevent the plants from becoming drawn. Basil should also be sown and treated in like manner to that recommended for Chervil. FRENCH BEANS.— Where these are swelling off their pods, an occasional watering with weak liquid manure will be beneficial, but it should not be allowed to touch the foliage. Those in fiower should have a drier atmosphere for a few days, to allow the pollen to dry, or they will not set; but they should not be allowed to become too dry at the root, or red-spider will soon make its appearance. A suc- cession must be kept up by making fresh sowings at fjrtnightly intervals, or when desired. SMALL SEEDS.— Where large bulbs of Onions and Leeks are rK|uired early in the autumn season, a small sowing of some ) from Messrs. Charlesworth. Shut^ Jjh, iti< ,ij„.o,ti, 4 Co., at Protheroe & (. Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOE THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 3S''.4. It is sometimes said by those who Hybrids. are not familiar with a gardener's work that, considering their oppor- tunities, gardeners have contributed relatively little to the advance in our knowledge of systematic botany or vegetable physiology. If this were wholly true, the answer would be, of course, that gardeners have their practical duties to perform, and that the proper fulfilment of these leaves no time or opportunity for anything outside the ordinary routine. But it is not wholly true, and we might cite many names of practical gardeners who have contributed in no slight degree to the advancement of systematic botany. At first sight, it might seem as if physio- logical botany or the study of the life-history of plants would offer the most congenial and the most accessible opportunities to the gardener who has to pass his life among plants, and daily watch over and regulate their growth. The true foundation of all physiology, says Sachs, is the direct observation of vital phe- nomena. The all-important discovery that the food essential to the growth of plants is manu- factured or elaborated in the green leaves, was made long before chemists knew anything about either carbonic acid or oxygen. Direct experi- ment alone showed that gravitation is the cause of the downward growth of the root. " Our best knowledge of the life of plants has been obtained by direct observation not deduced from chemical and physical theories." But with some exceptions, the study of phy- siology demands means and apparatus which are not at the gardener's disposal. Minute anato- mical investigations, and accurate physical experiments, must continue to be conducted by skilled experts in the laboratory. But whilst this is so, there is ample field for the gardener in the careful observation of the more obvious phenomena of growth, and in the study of the influence of external conditions upon it, and he has abundant facilities for doing some kinds of experimental work. In particular, he can render great service alike to practical gardening and to botanical science by the practice of hybridising and crossing, particularly if he has a definite aim in view, and faithfully records alike the details as well as the results of his experiments. In this department a practical gardener was the first in the field. Fairchild, a nurseryman of Hoiton, raised, about 1719, not only the first hybrid Pink (between D. caryophyllus and D. plumarius), but the first artificially-produced hybrid on record. As the pioneer in this depart- ment, Fairchild's name deserves to be remem- bered with honour. Thomas Andbew Knight and Dean Herbert, both eminent practical gardeners, take rank with G.93BTNEB, Kol- reuteh, Sprkngel, and other botanists. In later times, Naudin may especially be noted as a gardener-botani.st, who has specially con- tributed to the unravelling of the phenomena of hybridisation. Kesults obtained with a practical aim only, without direct thought of scientific research, are of course abundantly familiar to all interested in gardening. Here the gardeners have it all their own way, and the results they have obtained are very remarkable. AVe need not do more than mention the hosts of Orchid-hybrids that have been produced of late year.s exclusively by the gardeners ; but in this connection we cannot overlook the history of the tuberous Begonia, the production of which is certainly one of the greatest feats over accomplished in practical horticulture. We have been led to the consideration of this subject by the receipt of a remarkable paper by Dr. Muiruead Macfablanb, in the Trans- actions of the Boyal Society of Edinburgh. In this paper Dr. Macfarlane carefully details the results of the microscopic examination of the following hybrids as compared with that of their respective parents, viz. :— Philageria Veitchii (a cross between Philesia buxifolia and Lapageria rosea) ; Dianthus Grievei (D. alpinus x D. barbatus) ; Geum intermedium (G. rivale x urbaneus) ; Ribes Culverwelli (R grossularia X R. nigrum) ; Saxifraga Andrewsii (S. Aizoon X S. geum) ; Erica Watsoni (E. ciliaris x Te- tralix) ; Bryanthus erectus (Menziesia empetri- formis var. Drummondi x Rhododendron cham.-e- cystis) ; Masdevallia Chelsoni (M. amabilis x Veitchiana) ; Cypripedium Leeanum (C. insigne x ('. Spicerianum). The Philageria and the Ribes have been described and figured i i our columns. The Bryanthus is noteworthy because many amongst them, if we remember rightly, the late Dr. Asa Gray-, have doubted its hybrid origin. The doubt is set at >est by Dr. Mac- fajilane's researches. With reference to the Philageria, Dr. Mac- fablanb thinks its two parents, Lapageria and Philesia, may have had a common origin, and that the two genera as* we now know them are the result of adaptation to different circum- stances ; and further suggests the possibility that sooner or later on the southern Cordilleras an intermediate form may be encountered, similar to the artificially-produced Philageria. Such cases are not unknown among Orchids. " I can scarcely doubt that some of our hybrids are artificial pictures of what once flourished as the progenitors of our present day species." In addition to the eight seed-hybrids described in his paper. Dr. Macfarlane has investigated the microscopical structure of the marvellous Cytisus Adami, of which so much has been written. The minute structure proves to be as remarkable as the external conformation, and to afford equal evidence of its composite origin. Dr. Macfarlane then, contrary to the opinion of VocHTiNG, supports the notion that 0. Adami is a graft-hybrid, that Adam's account of it is cjrrect. There are many points in Dr. Macfablank's paper of the highest interest, both to physiological botany and to practical hybridists and grafters. For the moment we must content ourselves with the mere mention of them, but in the meantime we may say that, had Dr. Macfarlane's paper reached us sooner, it would certainly have been included in our review of the publications of the past year as the most important contribu- tion to horticultural science that has been made in the period under review. On a future occa- sion we may have another opportunity of again alluding to some among the many points sug- gested by this remarkable record of microscopical work. The New Railway Rates.— The disturbance in trade caused by the revised tariffs of the railway companies, and the consequent complaints which have reached the Mansion-House Association on Railway and Canal Traffic, have decided that body to hold, early in the new year, at the Mansion House, London (by permission of the Loed Mayor), a conference to which traders and agriculturists generally will be invited. Meanwhile, the numeroai communications which the Association has received are beiug collated, with the view of ascertaining the effect of the new rates on the trade of the country. The elaborate table given in our number for April 20, 1889, should be consulted with reference to this subject. The Gardeners' Orphan Fund. — The monthly meeting of the c.immittee of the above took place at the Hotel Windsor on the 29th ult., Mr. H. IIeehst in the chair. Among the special amounts sent in during the last month were the following: — Reigate Chrysanthemum Society, per Mr. J. Brown, secretary, £20 ; Rugby Chrysanthe- mum show, per Mr. W. Bryant, secretary, £9 2s.6(i. ; sale of flowers at the Edinburgh Chrysanthemum exhibition, per Mr. Tod, £'20; the Midland and Birmingham Carnation and Picotee .Society, per Mr. K. Sydenham, £5 ; from Mr. Harvey, The Gardens, Stanton-in-Peak, Bakewell, per Mr. Botas, £2 105. ; collecting boxes, Mr. H. Herbst, £.3 IDs. ; Mr. G. W. Cummings, the Grange Gardens, Carshalton, £2 6s. ; Mr. William Marshall, £1 Is. 3d. ; Mr. C. Gibson, The Gardens, Morden Park, 18«.; Mr. A. Waters, Hopwood Hall, Middleton, 15s,; Mr. R. Scott, Bradford, 5s. ; Mr. A. Read, Grittle- ton, Chippenham, 5s., making a total of £{)1 10s, Id. Hearty votes of thanks were passed to each of the foregoing. The secretary, Mr. A. T. Barron, re- ported that six applications on behalf of children qualified to receive the benefits of the Fund had been received in answer to the advertisements, and this number added to the nine unsuccessful ones of last year, brings the number up to fifteen, from which eight have to be elected. The rules of the Fund provide, that in the case of one of last year's candidates having died in the interim, the votes received at the last election by the deceased child can go to another of the family, if one be qualified. It was resolved that the annual general meeting and election of children should take place at the Cannon Street Hotel on Friday, February 3 ; and the com- mittee will meet on the 20th inst., instead of the last Friday in the month, to make the necessary arrangements. Various cheques were drawn, includ- ing one of £159 5s., the allowance to children for the first quarter in the new year. Dr. Newberry.— From Garden and Forest o December 14, we learn that Dr. .John Strono New- berry, Professor of Geology in Columbia College, died at Windsor, Connecticut, in his seventieth Januahy 7, ISnS.] THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 17 year. In 1855 Dr. Newberry, in order to gratify his taste for science, obtained an appointment as Acting Assistant-Surgeon in the United States Army, and accompanied the expedition under Lieut. K. S. Williamson which explored the territory lying between San Francisco and the Columbia River, acting as surgeon and geologist. In 1858 he was attached in the same capacity to the expedition which, under command of Lieut. J. C. Ives, male the first exploration of the basin of the Colorado River of the Weat, In 1850 Dr. Newbebrt explored been published. Professor Newbehby's service to botany is commemorated in Newberrya, a genus of leaSess Ericaceona plants, dedicated to him by ToERET, which he discovered in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Ancient Society of York Florists.— The annual dinner of the Society was held on Dec. 21, at Harker's Hotel. Alderman Sir Joseph Terbt, J.P., presided, and was supported by Mr. J. G. BuTcgEE, M.P. (senior member for the city), and adventurous or scientific travel told by the explorers themselves at the evening meetings of the society. These will be published in full in the journal, with the discussions which take place after the papers are read. Slany of these papers will be illustrated from photographs and sketches made by the explorers. Original maps compiled from the observations and measurements of travellers, will be a prominent feature ot every number, and small block-maps will be introduced freely in the text. Papers on scientific geography by the leading physical geographers in i'llj. 4. KKHl.K hail; LAKE AM) Ml \V IN IHK OllOVNPS. (SEE P. 10) the country bordering the upper Colorado and San .Juan Rivers, and during the war of secession ren- dered important service to the army as a member Of the United States Sanitary Commission. In IHfiO he published a catalogue of the Bowering plants and Ferns of Ohio, but his most important contributions to botany are found in the sixth volume of the Pacific Ratlrnad R^-pnrts, in which is printed his report of the plants collected on the Williamson expedition, with remarks upon the geographical botany of the region traversed, followed by a descrip- tion of the forest-trees of northern California and Oregon, a paper which contains the fullest and most exact information upon these trees which has yet many other influential gentlemen. This long- established association now numbers 000 members, and has a favourable balance of something like £180. The Royal Geographical Society has begun the publication of the Gmgraphical Journal, the first number of which has just appeared. This journal, while retaining the oflicial and re- sponsible character of the old Proeredinqs, will contain several new features, which should render it the most popular, as well as the most authoritative, geographical publication in the English language. The greatest interest of its readers will, for many years to come, be centred in the narratives of the world will occasionally be published. Applied geography, i.e., the practical aspects of the science, relating to such important interests as commerce, industry, communications, colonisation, and agri- culture, as well as to the public events of the day, will receive adequate attention. The journal is, of course, primarily scientific. The utmost care will be taken to avoid any national exclusiveness. The society has in the past honoured distinguished explorers of every nation with perfect impartiality, and the journal will record the geographical work of the world in a similar spirit. Under the head of the Monthly Record will be given a series of short carefully-selected and classified notes and comments 18 THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE, [January 7, 1893. on matters of general geographical interest. The notices of geographical literature of the month will give a brief non-critical summary of the additions to the library, including not only books, but also all the important articles in British, colonial, and foreign geographical publications. New maps, atlases, and photographs added to the map room, will be dealt with in the same manner as new publications. Correspondence on geographical subjects will be encouraged, and free interchange of opinions on contested points invited. The Geographical Journal will appeal, therefore, not only to geographers, but to all interested in public affairs, commerce, colonisation, foreign missions, in literary work, and especially in education. Its offices are at No. 1, Sivile Row. "A Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon." — The first part, about to be published by Dr. Henry Trimen, M.B., F.K S., Director of the Koyal Botanic Gardens, contains a full account of all the native plants found in the colony which are members of the Natural Orders from Ilanunculacea; to Anacar- diacea3 inclusive; and is illustrated by twenty- five coloured plates, representing some of the most inter- esting species. The publishers are Messrs. Dulah & Co., 37, Soho Square, London, W. ; and the price is £1 \s. It is intended to publish the book at intervals, in four similar parts, and it will, when complete, consist of two volumes of text (in 8vo) and an Atlas of 100 coloured plants (in -Ito). The subscription price for the whole work, in one pay- ment in advance, is £3 13s. &d., and subscribers' names should be sent at once to the publishers in London or to Dr. Tbimen, at Peradeniya. This Flora of Ceylon is issued under the authority and with the assistance of the Government of the Colony, and has been written with special reference to local use ; one principal object being to enable observers to ascertain readily the name of any tree, shrub, or herb they may meet with growing wild in the country. For this purpose copious analytic keys and full descriptions are given ; as well as the Sinha- lese and Tamil names, the distribution of each species through the Island, its period of flowering, and varied information as to its history, properties, and uses. An endeavour has also been made by references and quotations to embodj all previously published information on the botany of Ceylon, so that the book will form a comprehensive work of reference for everything relating to the plants of the colony. The Colouring-matters of Leaves.— Herr N. Montevebde in the Ann. Agronomiqnes (xviii.,pp. 268— 270), discusses the interesting ques- tion of how many different pigments are contained in an alcoholic solution of chlorophyll extracted from the leaves of plants. We note that he has obtained from dead leaves the pigment carotin which occurs largely in the Carrot. He confirms Borodin's ob- servation that leaves contain xanthophyll in their chlorophyll. The etiolated leaves of Wheat contain only very small quantities of carotin ; but after a short daily exposure to light, crystallisable carotin can be obtained from them. Both carotin and xanthophyllin exist in the yellow autumnal leaves of many ligneous or woody plants. From the leaves of Scrophularia nodosa, Monteverde has extracted a third pigment, agreeing with the " golden-yellow " of Borodin. The young leaves of Potamogeton natans are yellow-brown, the colour cells containing, in addition to the yellow and green pigments, a red one, which disappears later on ; when dissolved in alcohol, it gives the solution a cherry-red colour. By careful treatment Monteveeue succeeded in isolating a beautiful green pigment, and in demons- trating that Kkaus' cyanophyll is composed of this pigment mixed with carotin. He also noticed what he terms an "inferior green pigment," "inferior chlorophyllane," and " inferior phyllocyanin," and came to the conclusion that the first of these exists only in living leaves. Altogether the chlorophyll pigments in leaves seem to consist of a rather complex mixture. Technical Education.- a course of a dozen lectures was delivered on the " Action of Manures," at Aldbrough, Hull, by Dr. J. Clark, of the York- shire College, Leeds, under the auspices of the East Riding County Council. On Thursday the 22nd ult., the lecture was devoted to the action of manures on garden vegetables. The lecturer dealt more particularly with the action of farmyard and artificial manures upon Peas, Beans, Cabbages, and their allies, Onions and Leeks. Special attention being paid to the rule played by phosphates and potash in the plants. The lecture was illustrated by the limelight, and there was an encouraging attendance of eighty-sixin spite of the inclemency of the weather. Mr. J. W. Fell acted as Honorary Secretary. Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin.— Under the management of Mr. Moose, says the Official Report of the Science and Art Department, the gardens maintained during the past year their position as one of the principal centres of scientific horticulture in the United Kingdom. The continued interest in the operations carried on there is amply testified by thesupport which plant growers still afford by their contributions of novelties. It was hoped that the public would have taken more advantage of the sanction of My Lords to the delivery by Prof. Johnson of courses of lectures on Botany in the gardens during the past year, but as yet public interest does not appear to be sufficiently aroused on the subject. The morning lectures on Botany, which used to be delivered by the late Prof. Wm. Harvey many years ago, are still vividly remembered by some, at least, of those who used to attend them, and in spite of the great migration which has taken place in the last twenty years from the north side of Dublin, it seems possible that a fair measure of success might again attend lectures delivered under similar circumstances. Mr. Moore, keeper of the gardens, reports as follows : — " Conservatories. — The conservatories are in ex- c.'llent order and repair. The addition to No. 1, the desirability of which was mentioned in my last report, has been made, the glass structure being extended outwards 1-1 feet over a shed at the rear. The appearance of the house inside has been much improved, and the space gained is a great acquisition. The space between No. 1 and the Aqaatic-hnuse, No. 2, was also roofed over, and a shelf erected. A useful little house thus replaces what was formerly a waste corner. "The Aquatic-house and the entire of the cur- vilinear range, with the exception of the central compartment, have been painted inside. " The large Palm-house, No. 7, has been painted both inside and outside. This was a very trouble- some undertaking, both for the gardeners and for the contractor's men, as most of the plants had to be moved to make space for the scaffolding which was put up inside. Oiviog to the care exercised by the Board of Works' officials and the contractor's work- men, all the scaffolding was erected and taken down again without any accident happening to workmen or plants. The large Palm-house is now in every way in good order, and the plants show no sign of injury from exposure and dryness of the atmosphere, which could not be avoided while painting the interior. " Outdoor Department. — Many important works, altesations, and renewals were last year carried out in the outdoor department. The new works alluded to in last year's report have all proved to be satis- factory. These were, where necessary, added to or altered during 1891. The plants in the herbaceous borders, in the new P;cony border, in the new bog bed, and on the island have all grown well, and the collection of wall plants has been largely added to. "The 'Grant' collection of Kniphofias, alluded to in a previous report, had hitherto been cultivated in the private nursery ground. As the plants had grown strong enough to divide, a sheltered corner was prepared (or them, and all the most distinct sorts were planted out in small beds in the grass, where they will be accessible to the public for notes and comparison, and will, I truit, form a pleasing and useful group. " The new offices are a great convenience, and greatly facilitate the work connected with the admi- nistration of the garden. Much care has been given to the improvement of the library, and a large number of new works have been purchased, as well as works required to complete imperfect sets. "Two great and pressing wants still remain. Before the garden can be considered complete these must be provided for — I. A new house for succulent plants. II. A house for tropical Ferns. " The necessity for the first of these I have repeatedly urged. I now do so again. In Ireland no such house exists, nor is there a good collection of succulent plants to be seen. Glasnevin is beyond doubt the proper place for such a house, and were it once provided not much difficulty would be experienced in getting together a fair collection of plants to fill it." Horticultural Jubilee.— M. L. G. Gille- KENs, Director of the Ecole d'ilorticulture et d'Agriculture of Vilvorde, has just celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of his appointment to that position. On the occasion, the professors, pupils, and friends, sent many gifts and expressions of sympathy. M. Gillekens is the author of many works on horticulture and agriculture, is an excel- lent teacher of much originality and knowledge. Orchids in Belgium.— At the Horticulture Internationale (Director, M. L. Linden) we saw in full bloom Epidendrum stenopetalum grandiflorum, Catasetum barbatum, as rare as curious; and OJon- togloesum proestana with two fine racemes. M. Van Imshoot has at Mont St. Amand a Brassia, unknown but excellent. The petals were from 10 to 11} inches long, exceeding even those of B. brachyata. Ch. de B. Grafting Chrysanthemums. — We have already mentioned the results obtained by M. Alexis Callier, of Ghent, in grafting Chrysanthemums on toPyrethrumor Chrysanthemum frutescens (Margue- rite), and it may be interesting to give now some further particulars concerning this mode of pro- cedure, which attracted great attention from all at the November exhibition of the Ghent Soci^le Koyale d'Agriculture et de Botanique. M. Callier is no inventor in the proper sense of the word, for he does but imitate the Chinese growers who custo- marily employ this system, according to Fobtone, as noticed by Bcbbidge in the Chrysanthemum, making use also, it is said, of a species of Artemisia. The idea was suggested to M. Callier by seeing the gre.\t vigour shown by certain Pyrethruma when manured. Pyrethrum being perennial, or at least retaining its stem and branches, it should there- fore be beneficial to the grafts of the Chrys- anthemum, which should profit by the food stored up by the stock, and especially by the vigour already attained by it at a time when the shoots of the grafted Chrysanthemum are only beginning to move. This vigour represents the work of weeks, months, or even years. In two years the Pyrethrum, highly cultivated, forms a small bush. In the South of France, where it grows in the open ground, and survives the winter out-of- doors, very large plants of it m-ay be seen. The variety, Etoile d'Or, recognisable by its beautiful flowers, which resemble those of the large yellow Mar- guerites which, during winter, are sent from Nice and Cannes, is the best stock for grafting upon. Next in order of merit is another variety with large white flowers, which is also grown along the Corniche. The results obtained from these were very similar. Experience will doubtless show us that certain Chrysanthemums have more affinity with certain varieties of Marguerite than others. In the first experiments of M. Callieb, all varieties of Chrys- anthemum did not appear to lend themselves equally well to grafting, as far as had been tried. He succeeded well with the following : — Val d'Andorre, Paul Fabre, Ernest Fierens, Melanie Fabre, Etoile de Lyon, Hiver Fleuri, Mdlle. Paule Dutour, Madame Eliza Neyd, Source d'Or, Cinna (seedling of 1891), Januabt 7, 1893.] THE GA BDENEES' CHE ONI CLE. 19 Cavoar, Marie Fierens, Sirius, Hermann (all also seedlings of 1891). The following varieties were not successful:— Mrs. Parnell, George Glenny, Mrs. Dixon, EJwin Molynenx, Mrs. Hiilibnrton, Vital (seedling, 1890), Massalia, Maiden's Blush, Osaka, Guernsey Nugget, Madame C. Audiguier. Even with these the union was effected, but was after- wards more or less a failure, owing to the weak growth of the plant. The La Ilaart, or La Pon- toisp, method of grafting was adopted, with a ligature of raphia, covered or not with cold grafting wax. In this method a V-shaped wound is made in the stock, into which the graft is inserted. Tbe anion of the stock and graft must be as close as possible, bark to bark, branches of the same size being chosen. The plant should be kept closely under glass for about three weeks, more or less, according to circumstances, and air gradually admitted as the buds appear. The temperature should be 12^ to 15^ C. (53^ — o9' F.) of arti- ficial. 15' to 20"' C. (59= — 68° F.) of natural heat. Shade against the direct rays of a hot sun should be given. Grafting may be accomplished at any time from the beginning of December to the begin- ning of May, according to circumstances and the results desired. Eirly and late grafting have each or March, a hundred or more grafts, specimens may be produced with one or two thousand flowers, and with a diameter of 10 or 13 feet. To achieve such a result, it is necessary to prepare in advance both the stock and a sufficient number of grafts. Employes Social Dinner. — On Fridav, December 30 last, the employea of Messrs. Dobbie & Co., seedsman, Rjthesay, N.B., held their annual social dinner. The company consisted of about ninety persons, and included the members of the firm. Mr. Cuthbertsos, who presided, said that the request which their work-people had pi-eferred during the last year for a Saturday afternoon holi- day, and which the firm had been able to grant, though at a pecuniary loss, he believed the firm had no reason to regret. Mr. G. a. Dickson.— We notice that Mr. Georhe a. Dicksos, Senior, of the old and well- known Chester firm, has been placed on the Com- mission of the Peace for the county of Cieshire, having previously, for some years, been a magistrate for Chester, of which city he was Mayor, 1885— l.SSfi. The Devon and Exeter Gardeners' Mu- tual Improvement Association.— Spring Pro- gramme, 1893. — Wednesday, January 11, Mr. ,1. their advantages. In grafting early, on a Pyrethrum having but few stems, a very lew shouts of Chrysan- themum are enough to produce a large plant by the following November. A plaut of Ernest Fierens, grafted in .January, 1S92, on a Pyrethrum raised in August, 1891, bore only nine grafts, which by careful pinching were made to produce more than 300 flowers. By grafting late — in .March, for instance — the operation is more sure and convenient. In this case th?re is no great care needed, as during the winter months ; on the other hand, the Pyrethrum is left to shoot and grow apace like an ill weed. the oljpct being to obtain, by pinching, as many stems as possible. As the growth is much more vigorous than that of the Chrysanthemum, the multiplication of the stems is also more rapid, and in spring the stock is in full vigour and health. At the same time, either by the buds or by allowing the old stools to shoot, as many growths of Chry- santhemum are encouraged as are deemed necessary for the supply of grafts, and thes'' also should attain full vigour. At the proper time— in March, for instance — the stock and graft are both in full vigour, and the ultimate success of the plant is assured. The rapidity of the growth of the Pyrethrum is such that the grafts made in April on cuttings of Pyrethrum grown in January give plants even larger than aie obtained from cuttings of Chrysanthemums taken in December. By selecting Pyrethrum of one or two years' growth, and grafting upon it in February Wkeks, Stoke House Gardens : Subject, " Begonias, Tuberous-rooted, for bedding and for conservatory decoration." Wednesday, .January 2.5, Mr. 10. Spaiiks, Pynes Garden,s : Subject, "Zonal Pelargoniums." Wednesday, February 8. Mr. W. Swan, Bystock Gardens: Subject, "Orchids." Wednesday, Feb- ruary 22, Mr. W. Andrews, Duryard House Gardens : Sniject, " Kitchen Gardening." Wednesday, March 8, The Rev. Dr. Danoar, Principal of the Training College: Subject. "Insects Destructive of Fruit Crops." (N.li.— This lecture will be illustrated by limelight transparencies on a large screen, and may possibly be given at the Training College, Heavitree Road.) Wednesday, March 22, Mr. W. Connett, foreman at Messrs. VEircii'si Nurseries: Subject, " Roses. " Wednesday, April .'>, Mr. A. C. Bartlett, foreman gardener at Dropmore (son of Mr. Bautlett, of Knightleys (iirdens): Sulj-ct, " The Conifers at Dropmore." The Respiration of Plants under Les- sened Oxygen Tension. — The production of carbonic acid gas by plants appears to be indepen- dent of the atmospheric oxygen between rather wide limits. Herr S-rrcii has been growing plants in an atmosphere containing less than the normal amount of oxygen, but there was no striking diminu- tion in the output of carbonic acid even when the experimental atmosphere only contained 10 per cent, of oxygen. In the case of many plants, as, for instance, the seedlings of Ricinus communis, 'Vicia faba, and Lupinus albus, the production of carbonic acid was not appreciably influenced by the amount of oxygen present, and was as great in an atmosphere of hydrogen as in ordinary air. For further details, consult Bicdermann's Centratblatt , xxi., p. 3,")0. Strawberries.— We have received from Mr. A. Beadshaw, gardener at Davenham Bank, Malvern, two Strawberry fruits — one La Grosse Sucr^e, almost ripe, and the other Laxton's Noble, which is much the larger, and less ripe, although it has had a temperature b° higher. It is rare so early in the year to see such well-developed fruits. The Presence and Function of Phloro- GLUCINOL IN Plants, — In the course of some recent researches on this subject, Herr T. Waaoe examined no less than 185 difTerent plants. His conclusions are that gymnosperms are rich in phloroglucinol, monocotyledons and gamopetalous plants are poor, whilst polypetalous plants contain none of this sub- stance. Woody plants contain more than herbaceous ; the distribution is almost the same in root, stem, and leaves. When cells containing phloroglucinol divide, the new cells contain it also. Waaoe considers that this substance is an accessory or bye-product of plant-growth ; it enters into the composition of the glucides and glucosides in the plant, and take part in the formation of certain of the colouring matters. Plants which contain tannin invariably contain phloroglucinol also. The original paper by Waaoe is in the Ann. Agronomiques, xviii., pp. 204— 20G. Cypripedium Albertianum X.— This is a cross etl'ected by M. Jlles Hve between C. Spiceri- anum and C. insigne Wallacei. It comes of a good stock, closely similar to that which has yielded C. Lesanum X and C. L. superbumX. The distal or upper sepal is very large, white, with numerous purple rays and spots, the lower sepal pure white, the lateral petals olive-coloured, with a central purplish midrib, and numerous similarly-coloured spots in the lower two-thirds ; the tips are white, the labellum is like that of insigne, brownish-green, shining, and flushed with pink along the free edge. It is well figured in the licvur de I' Horticulture Bilt/c. Begonia cinnabarina (hybrioa) var. albo- VITTATA. — Under this inconvenient name is figured and described, in the last number of the Illustration Horlicole, t. 165, a tuberous Begonia, with its red flowers marbled and streaked with white. It is a lingular and inexplicable fact that the same kind of variation occurs suddenly and simultaneously in widely separated places. Thus, wa have seen instances of the same thing during the past summer, and others have been recorded from Belgium and Germany. M. Rodicias, in describing the plant, assigns it to B. cinnabarina of IIookkb, Bot. Ma/., t. 4 483, and yet the article and the plate bear the qualification " hybrida," probably by oversight. Stenandrium Beeckmannianum X.— This is a hybrid between S. Lindeni and S. pictum (alias Rranthemum igneum). Numerous variations were produced as a result of the cross, and one wa» selected for figuring in the Illustration Horticolc, t. IGG. In it the bright yellow of S. Lindeni is mingled with the bronzy brown of S. pictum. It is named in honour of the raiser. STREPTOGLOXINIAX.— The Illuslralion Ilortiooh mentions the production of a bigeneric hybrid between one of the hybrid varieties of Streptocarpus and a Gloxinia. . It appears that seedlings are " coming on," but they are not at present old enough to show their characters. To give them a generic name seems therefore almost as doubtful a proceed- ing as that of counting chickens before they are hatched. M. Rodiija.s also tells us that he has fer- tilised Streptocarpus Kewensis X with the pollen of Isotoma hirsuta, and inversely. Planting Alterations, etc, at Syon House, Brentford.— a correspondent informs ns, that in a walk recently round the pleasure grounds 20 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 7, 1893. of this fine ducal place, it was satisfactory to note that Mr. Wythes is successfully endeavouring to bring into more prominent view its many fine arbo- ricultural features. Huge gronps of Laurel and other common shrubs are being cut away, thus giving a greater breadth of green sward for the eye to rest upon, affording also pretty landscape effects, and bringing into bolder relief many fine trees which had previously been hidden from effective view. Gronps of Rhododendrons, Weigelas, and other choice flowering shrubs are also being planted in suitable positions. Publications Received. — Soya? InttituUon Froceedings. — Cali/ornian Vine Disease ; United States Department of Agriculture. — Liste des Grainea rccolttes par Ic Jardin Alpin d'AccliiiiaCaHon,lSd2, — • The Botanical Magazine, Tokyo.— Report of Science and Art Museum, Dublin. — Dotanische Zeitung. — Botanisches Ccntralblatt. — Pittonia. — The Pear Tree Psylla ; Cornell University Agricultural Station. — BoletiiTi da Socicdade Broteriana^ Coimbra. — Agricul- tural Gaj:ctle of N^w South Wales. — Annales de I'Uni- versitd de Lyon. — Die Sukkulenten-Prospekt , Von Prof. Dr. Schumann. — Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania. — Die Natilrlichen PJlancen Familien, Enoleb & Pbantl, 78, Lieferung. — American Gardening. — Histoire des Plantes, Coniferes, cfc. ; H. Baillon. — Bcissner's Einheitliche Coniferen-Benennung. — Tro- pical Agriculturist. — Grasses of the Pacific Slope, by Dr. Geo. Vaset, United States Department of Agri- culture.— Dictionnaire Pratique d,' Horticulture. — Dr. J. M. Macfablane, Minute Structure of Plant Hybrids, Trans. Royal Society, Edinburgh. — Ueber Transplantation am Pflanzen Kurper, Dr. H. VocHTiNO. — A Text-book of Agriculture, by H. A. NicHOLLs, M.D. (Macmillan & Co.). — The Geogra- phical Journal (1, Savile Row). — The Ferns of South Africa, by T. R. Sim (Wesley & Son, Essex Street, Strand). Book Notice. OOOROQRAPHI A : a Katural History of Raw Materials and Drugs used in the Perfume Industry, intended to serve Growers, Manufacturers, and Consumers. By J. Ch. Sawer, F.L.S. (London : Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row. 1892.) Not only is the cultivation of perfume plants an important industry, but the preparation and manu- facture of the perfumes themselves is both important and interesting. Piesse and Rimmel have both done good service in popularising the perfume industry in publishing, as they have done, very readable books on the history and development of the perfumery trade ; but the subject is such a large one, viewed in all its aspects, and considered in all its ramifica- tions, that there is indeed plenty of room for such a book as Odorographia, and it goes far to supply a real want. Piesse 's Art of Perfumery, a new edition of which was but recently published, appeals more to the general reader in giving an insight to an attractive trade, and imparts just so much information on the sources of perfumes and their preparation as would be required in a book of the kind ; but Mr. Sawer's work goes much more deeply into the commerce, trade, and chemistry, not only of popular odours, but also of those about which but little, comparatively speaking, is popularly known, but some of which, at least, may yet become largely developed. From his introduction, it would seem that Mr. Sawer has made himself thoroughly acquainted, not only with agreeable perfumes, but with those that are to be avoided rather than courted, such as the Carrion flowers (Stapelia spp.), Anagyris fcetida. Arum Dracunculus, Phallus impndicus, the stink- horn, &c. These do not, however, come in for detailed consideration in the book before us, bnt as we learn from the preface, that " the author is still engaged upon studies in this department [i.e., odorous plants], and hopes to publish another volume in due course," we may perhaps expect some notes brought together on fcetid plants. As a further proof of Mr. Sawer's capabilities for research into the litera- ture of perfume-yielding plants, we may refer to a list of some ninety odd of the principal works referred to in the book, a list which includes books and journals in most of the European languages. In the arrangement of the book, the author divides his subjects into different chapters. Thus, Chapter 1. is devoted to" The 0 lour of Musk," and after referring to its source, and describing its character and proper- ties, he proceeds to the consideration of Musk substi- tutes, in which is included such plants as Delphinium moschatum, Sumbul, or Musk-root (Ferula Sumbul), the source of which, though a well-known medicine in this country, was quite unknown till 1869, when the plant was discovered in the Maghian Moun- tains, south-eastward of Samarkand, from whence one was sent to the Botanic Garden, Moscow, where it flowered in 1871. The following history and description of Sumbul will illustrate Mr. Sawer's mode of treating his subjects. " The plant is," says the author, " a perennial Umbellifer, grow- ing to the height of 9 or 10 feet, and has a branched, fleshy root, about 11 inches in circumference at the base, with numerous rootlets. In 1876 it was re- ported by Wittman that the plant was found in large quantities in the extreme eastern regions of Siberia, which border on the Amoor river. The word " Sumbul " seems to be employed in Arabic to designate various substances, especially the Indian " Nard," or root of Nardostachys Jatamansi (the true Spikenard^ but when or why it was first applied to this root remains an unsolved problem (the word " Sumbul " appears to be an incomplete, or, rather, an abbreviated name). It is known, however, that the Sumbul was first introduced (imported as a drug) into Russia about the year 1835 as a substitute for Musk (which was at that time recommended as a remedy for cholera). It began to be known in Germany about 1810, and in Eng- land ten years later. It was admitted into the English Pharmacopceia in 1867. The root, as we know it in commerce, is usually cut trans- versely into slices of from 3 to 5 centimt-tres, and sometimes 12 centimetres in length, by about 3 or more centimetres in thickness, sometimes mixed with small inferior shoots not thicker than a goose quill. It is covered with a dark papyraceous bark. The internal surface of the slices is pale brown, marbled with white streaks ; examined with a glass, an exudation of a large number of resinous drops is noticeable, especially near the circumference. The internal structure has a spongy fibrous farinaceous aspect. It exhales an agreeable odour of musk, and possesses an aromatic bitter taste. Professor Fluckiger remarks that the Indian Sumbul root mentioned by Pereira is unknown to him, and that the root imported from China mentioned in Pereira's Materia Medica appears to be quite a different root to Sumbul, a fact confirmed by Dr. Dymock, of Bombay, who states that in China the root of Dorema ammoniacum [the source of some of the ammoniacum of commerce], is perfumed with musk, and sent to Europe as Sumbul. Micro- scopically examined, the internal structure of Sumbul root is very irregularly formed of wood and medullary rays, and the bark consists of a soft spongy parenchyma. The anatomical structure of the root becomes very apparelit when a thick slice is moistened with a solution of iodine, the medullary rays acquiring an intense blue colour by reason of the starch contained in them. The irregularity of the structure resembles that of Rhubarb root, but this last has not the large resinous cavities observable in Sumbul root, and in many other Umbelliferous plants. Sumbul root contains about nine per cent, of soft balsamic resin, soluble in ether, and a small proportion of volatile oil (about 0 3 per cent.). When the resin is brought into con- tact with water it develops a musky odour. A solution of potash is said to convert this resin into a salt of potassium and Sumbulamic acid, smelling very strongly of musk." The second and third chapters, on the " Odour of Rise," and the "Citrine Odours" respectively, are lengthy, and contain a variety of useful facts ; for instance, it may be new to some Palm-growers that the flowers of Chamaedorea fragrans have the odoar of the Mar&hal Niel Rose. We prophesy that the book will be a valuable one for reference to all those who are practically inter- ested in perfume-yielding plants, but we hope that the author will, in a future edition, make it still more useful, by adopting the latest and most recog- nised name of each plant, and doing away with all botanical synonymy, except in the case of any one well-known name. The spelling of the scientific names might also be revised with advantage, such slips as Auclandia for Aucklandia, Anethum for Anatherum, Oxycantha for O.xyacantha, hostilis for hastilis, being only too common. We may also appeal for that most necetsary adjunct to all books of reference, a more accurate and extended index. WINTER FLOWERS AT SYON HOUSE. In this large garden many species of plants are in flower, notably Calanthes, of which C. Veitchii, C. V. superba, and C. rubra oculata are the finest. Two houses devoted to Cypripediums present a very gay appearance. The plants are grown " cool, " being placed in July in cold frames on coal- ashes facing north or west, and the sashes left off them at night, and plenty of air is afforded during the day. The plants are housed in their winter quarters at the end of September, when they show their flower-spikes. Owing to this kind of treat- ment, the foliage is very dwarf and healthy, free from all insect attacks, and the blooms, which are of great substance, are produced in large quantities, each plant having from twenty to thirty spikes of flowers. Any dividing or re-potting is done early in the year, and small pots are used — 8 to 10-inch for large plants. The varieties grown at Syon are C. insigne, C. i. Maulei, and C. venustum. Some plants of the old favourite, Lycaste Skinneri, were exceedingly well-flowered. Carnation Winter Cheer, with its scarlet-shaded flowers, is much esteemed, the plants being vigorous, dwarf, and floriferous. A fine quantity (two houses full) was noted in flower of a new late decorative Chrysanthe- mum named Duchess of Northumberland. It is a sport of the .lapanese type, has pure white floweri with a sulphur-yellow centre, and is wonderfully free-flowering. The almost indispensable Eucharis amazonica is grown in quantity ; the plants were in bloom in September, and are now in flower again. These Eucharis are never thoroughly rested, but they are kept cool in the winter. Plumbago rosea was flowering profusely on a wall. It is found useful for wreaths, vases, and other similar purposes. It was appropriate at this season of the year to see forced Christmas Roses in variety. Bou- vardias are grown in quantity, and in all the approved varieties. Mr. Wythes speaks highly of the new variety named Purity. It is very pure and fragrant. The fogs, when they appear here, play sad havoc with the zonal Pelargoniums, completely destroying the flower- buds— indeed, it has been almost deter- mined to give up their culture, owing to this cause. The good old and useful Tropa;olum Ball of Fire, of which we saw some good pot plants, is also a prey to the same disagreeable atmospheric conditions. There are no more valuable winter-flowering plants grown than the Chinese Primulas ; and a good strain is cultivated here, the flowers being distinct, and varied in colour. The Old Double White is represented by a good batch, the flowers being in much request for cut purposes, as they " last " better than the single forms. These brief notes may fitly conclude with a re- ference to that gayest of all winter decorative plants, Poinsettia pulcherrima, which is in much demand at Syon. J. B. jANtJAEY 7, 1893] THE QARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 21 ©tittuatg. Professor Westwood.— It is only a short time since we had occasion to record the death of H. T. Stainton, a distinguished entomologist, and now it becomes our duty to announce the decease of a yet greater man. John Obadiah Westwood has long held rank as the leading entomologist of this country. His Introduction to the Modern Chssifica- almost from its foundation to the present time, his last notice being published so lately as December 24, lSil2. He succeeded John Curtis as our entomolo- gical referee early in the forties, and from that period up to within a few weeks it was a rare thing for a week to have passed without something being submitted to his examination. It would be impertinent for us to criticise the work of so great a man, but we cannot avoid noting remarkable native gift for drawing. Somewhat later his family moved to Lichfield, where they resided in Parchment Cottage, a house formerly lived in by Dr. Johnson. Here the cathedral with its services had a great attraction for him, and helped, perhaps, to lay the foundation of his taste and know- ledge in ecclesiastical art. From Lichfield he went to London and was articled to a solicitor, but though he ultimately became a partner in the firm, he never The late PKOFE.SSOR WKSTWOOD. tion of insects is a classical book, whilst his detailed contributions are extremely numerous. A Hoyal Medal was awarded to him at the instance of the Royal Society, in recognition of his pre-eminence as an entomologist. Westwood was an archicologist as well. Fictile ivories, missals and illuminated manu- scripts occupied much of his attention. Since 1861 he has filled the duties of the Hope Professorship of Zoology in the University of Oxford — duties which included the conservation and classification of the collections of insects. His connection with the GardenQn' Chronicle date one quality which was characteristic of him, and one which we need not say endeared him to the Editors. We allude to his prompt replies to questions put to him. If an insect were submitted to him for a name, an answer was sure to be forthcoming within a very short time. For the following details we are indebted to the TtJnfs.— .John Obadiah Westwood was born at Sheffield, on December 22, 1«05, so that he had just completed his 87th year. He was educated first at Sheffield in a Friends' School, where he early evinced a strong taste for natural history, and a gave himself to practice, but was more and more drawn otr in the direction of sciencs and literature. He was an original member of the Entomological Society, of which he was made life president. But he had another side on which he was equally distinguished. He was a specialist in the archscolopy and palicography of art. Books like the Pa/wo- graphia Sacra Picturia, and the Facsimiles of the Miniatures and Ornaments nf Anglo- Saxon and Irish MSS, are extraordinary monuments of his combination of knowledge, industry, perception, and ■kill. In this field, too, be was a pioneer. The 22 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [JANOARY 7, 1893. value of works like the Book of Kells, and its place in the history of art are now well known. When Westwood wrote and copied, nearly fifty years ago, this was not so. Allied to this was his knowledge of iTOries and of inscribed stones. He was employed to make the catalogue of the ivories at South Ken- sington. His Lapidarium Wallite, one of his later publications, is a monumental work. In the prose- cution of his studies he was indefatigable, travelling through Germany or Kussia to copy MSS., and keeping up a correspondence with all parts of the globe on points of entomology. In 0.^ford his hearty and honest disposition, his simplicity, his courageous industry and unflagging devotion to science, sustained long after his eightieth year, his warm kindliness and courtesy, endeared him to old and young. He was fond of relating that when he first came to Oxford some question was raised as to his religious opinion, but all was set at rest by a happy mot of the then public orator — that he was not a "sectarian" but an " insectarian ! " Home Correspondence. APPLE MODELS. — I enclose a cutting from the Daily JS'eics, which seems to form an admirable ttxt upon which to fashion a short discourse in relation to Apples; — "Of Apples alone it is estimated that there are over GUO varieties in New South Wales, a large number of which are Colonial seedlings of great merit. But, in the opinion of the authorities, it may be safely asserted that there is no one man in New South Wales who could recognise more than one-third of this number. The same may be said in a smaller degree of our Pears and Plums. In order to meet this difiiculty to some extent, the Minister of Agriculture has authorised the formation of a collection of models of the varie- ties of fruit cultivated in the Colony ; and to make this collection as complete as possible, the fruit-growers of the different districts have been asked to supply samples of fruit, with the names and details as to their most striking characteristics. The fruit- growers have responded heartily." How great is the need for some such action on the part of the Minister of Agriculture, or other authority here ! Those who have been engaged in the work cf lecturing on hardy fruit culture will know, when talking of fruit, the exhibition of living samples of varieties adds im- mensely to the interest the subject creates ; but living examples cannot often be had, especially in the winter months, even of Apples. Let the samples be ever so good, soon suffer if carried far and are handled several times, 15at had all those engaged in this work, good hard, yet perfect models of the best varieties of Apples, Pears, Plums, &c., these would present to the audiences e.xactly the same characteristics that living fruits present, so far as form, colour, size, &c., are concerned, and would with ordinary care endure for many years. What a splendid opportunity was offered for the securing of fine clean living examples of such fruits at the Earl's Court shows, yet it was no one's business to collect samples and prepare models of them. Probably no private persons or firms have done so much for vegetables in the direction of permanent modelling as have the Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Heading, for their museum of models is probably the best of its kind in the kingdom. We want one as complete, only public property, of fruits ; but that can only be obtained by some public authority, such as the Department of Agriculture, which could, having obtained one complete set of models of the best Apples, Pears, and Plums, duplicate them and sell them to county councils, or any other bodies desirous of possessing them ; and these could in turn place them at the disposal of their lecturers, &c., as needed. Drawings of fruits convey something, but models showing life-size are far more impressive. Still farther, these models are useful to enable either us or others following to compare the fruits of to-day with those of some future period, and thus determine how much advance, if any, may have been made. It seems very odd that we should find so much of energy in a matter of this kind in a youthful colony, whilst we at home are all behindhand ; but it evidences, that whilst in New South Wales the colonists are alive to their own necessities, here at home there is too much disposition to cry for a slice of the moon, either in the form of a protective duty on corn, or some other impossibility. It ie high time we woke up to the necessities of the case. We have no right to expect that the Royal Horticul- tural Society should undertake work which is so evidently the duty of the Government ; but one is surprised that so demonstrative a body as the Fruiterers' Company, or the British Fruit Growers' Association, have not long since forced a matter of this sort upon public attention. A. D. [There was once a fine collection of such models at the Royal Horticultural Society, but it disappeared in the bad old times at Kensington. Ed.] GARDENERS' EXAMINATIONS.— In reference to the scheme of the Royal Horticultural Society, will you allow me to throw out an idea or two for bringing more prominently into view the strictly practical element in connection with this endeavour to raise the status of the gardener in this country ? Anyone who has watched the progress of events in private gardening matters during the past, say twenty-five years, must have noticed the change that has been effected in, if one may so express it, luxurious horti- culture. Do we at the present day see the specimens of plant culture that were observable on every hand in those days ? The exhibitions now held, and evidence afforded in other ways, give an emphatic negative to the question. These are the days of utilitari- anism and depression, from whatever cause it may have sprung, as a result of commercial losses, change of taste, and other causes which will readily suggest themselves, and need not be inquired into here, have left an ineffaceable mark on the " gentle art." It has been well said that the gar- dening of the future will be gardening in the fields. How are the rising generation of gardeners preparing for this mighty change? To many a young man it is considered so respectable, and as the height of his ambition, to get in the houses and remain there ; and thus we are rearing a race of what have been not inaptly termed " glass-house gardeners," the productions from the kitchen garden being of quite a secondary consideration, and as coming only within the range of the garden labourers. How are such men fitting themselves for the time when they will have to undertake the direction of affairs in this, at the present day, all-important department ? The man who can supply good Cabbages, Potatos, &c., for his employer's table, will be more esteemed than the one who only knows how to cultivate choice stove and greenhouse plants. In connection with these examinations, and as having reference to the particular branch of gar- dening, if some scheme could be devised by which the practical results of the competitor's efforts could be actually seen and appraised in the garden in which he is employed, it would be far prefer- able to any knowledge gained from mere book- cramming. To refer to one or two other matters. How often are gardeners, when they assume responsible positions, called upon to furnish plans for alterations in the gardens and pleasure grounds under their charge ? A knowledge, then, of landscape gardening, &c., and being com- petent to commit ideas to plans, would seem to be essential qualifications to some positions in a gardening career. Could not the examinations encourage the gardener's efforts in this direction? Greater attention is being bestowed at the present day by owners of estates as to the beautifying of these by the wealth of choice trees and shrubs we now have at our command. Examinations, then, might stimulate a fuller and wider knowledge of arboricultural matters than at present seems to obtain amongst gardeners. J. IS. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.— The above Institution was established for such a good purpose, and is doing such a great amount of good, that I oiten wonder how itis^hatmore gardeners do not subscribe, especially as the minimum amount of subscription is so small that it amounts to little more than one penny per week. I believe there are hundreds of gardeners who can well afford that amount, and who might be induced to subsciibe, if only asked by some friend who was interested in the good cause. It is a very easy matter to refuse to give a subscription to a stranger, but not so to a friend ; at least, this has been my experience, and as I know that every man'.s influence is limited, and cannot, as a rule, reach far beyond his own immediate circle of friends, I think the idea of forming local com- mittees as suggested by our friend Mr. Crump, a most excellent one. The word " councils " is becoming now so fashionable in towns, counties, and parishes, that we may be pardoned if we called them "district councils;" however. call them by whatever name you like, there would certainly be a vast extent of une.xplored regions for them to roam in, and from which a lot of valuable help might be obtained. Take, for instance, my own district, which is a very wide and populous one, and one which it is impossible for any one man to canvass thoroughly, however willing. I believe if we had a committee, "not necessarily limited," but composed of representatives from every part of the district, the small amount I have hitherto been able to send to the fund would be materially increased, the reason for which may very easily be understood when we consider the number of people each com- mitteeman must know and be able to reach in his own district, which it is impossible for any one man, however well known, to apprtach with the same results. In a society with which I have been offi- cially connected for many years, we have a good work- ing committee, of which four-fifths of the members are collectors of annual subscriptions, each one being supplied annually with a list of subscribers, from whom he is to collect, with a clear understand- ing that he is not to call upon any other subscribers except those on his list, but that he has a free hand in procuring new subscribers wherever he can ; the result being that no subscriber is called upon twice. At the same time, all subscriptions are collected, and should any collector lose an old subscriber from death, removal, or any other cause, he invariably makes it up by adding new subscribers to his list. But the reason why this works so well is, that we are most careful not to introduce new members unless we are satisfied that they mean to be workers. No man should allow his name to appear as a local secretary or committeeman unless he is prepared at least to try and do some- thing for the cause he represents. I know that dis- tricts vary immensely in the matter of population and wealth, and that where one produces shillings another ought to produce pounds, but it is a poor one, indeed, that cannot do something. However, as I expect others will have something to say upon the subject, I will simply conclude by earnestly recom- mending this new idea of my friend Mr. Crump's as being a matter worthy of the very serious considera- tion of the committee, whom I feel sure will gladly welcome any new departure that will be at all likely to augment the funds ; and I, like Mr. Crump, will gladly avail myself of any new opportunity that can be afforded me in the way of adding to the very modest amount 1 have hitherto been able to send. J. Huf/hfs, Birmingham. A GOOD EARLY PEA. — Noticing several remarks on varieties of Peas, I venture to add another to the list in the form of Sutton's Bountiful, which is well worthy of a trial, and is especially good on light soils. I have not tried it on heavy ones, but I think it would answer, as it has a strong constitu- tion, and is a heavy cropper, and much larger than the majority of early Peas. I sowed a row beside another of William I. the last week in January last year, both receiving the same treatment, and both withstood the severe weather experienced in the following month. The former was only a week beliind the latter, and the well-filled pods were thought a great acquisition. I have mentioned the nature of our soil because a great deal is due to the soil in the cultivation of Peas. W, G. Castle, Latchmere House, Ham, Surrey. Scotland. THE OSWALD HOUSE ORCHIDS. There are so many interesting and rare Orchids in Mr. Buchanan's collection, that it will be better to describe them by genera, and not by the houses they happen to be in. Among " the curiosities " in flower, the fragrant Pilumna nobilis, Bulbophyllum Lobbii, Thunia Marshalli, sepals and petals white, yellow centre ; Dendrochilum glumaceum, graceful drooping spike ; Lily of the Valley Orchid ; Restrepia anten- niferse, the three segments of perianth maculated and coloured identically, and two of the long antenna;, or tapering globular points, forming a St. Andrew's Cross. Rare and noteworthy Cypripediums are C. Sedeni, C. longifolium, C. Uarrisianum, C. Chamberlainiana, C. species, oblong spots ; C. niveum, C. Spicerianum, and C. car- dinalis are in flower, the lobes of the lateral sepals of the former often curving back so as to Januahy 7, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 23 meet. Of the Oncidiums, O. ampliatum majas, the winter-flowering O. incarvum, and 0. Spracei haye become fine healthy specimens ; mach larger as regards size are the two Dendrobes, D. fimbriatum oculatum and D. formosum gigantenm. All the finest of the Lalias are grown, including L. superbiens, L. Schroderi, L. pnrpurata (a splendid form of it), L. anceps Stella, and L. a. Hallii. Cattleja Lawrecciana, a variety of darker parple than usual ; C. crispa superba, C. Sanderiana (a large plant of it) are perhaps most worthy of mention ; C. Buchananiana is in the way ofC. Percivalliana, but is larger, and of lighter shade of colour. Odon- toglossum Pescatorei is grown in quantity ; Mr. Wood evidently finds no difficulty in growing this Orchid. Two rare and valuable OJontoglots are 0. brevifolium and 0. Wilkeanum pallens. A spray of the former was sent to Mr. Sanders for Reichen- bachia. There is also a distinct form of Uro- Skinneri with broader petals and deeper purple blotching. Some of the Vandas were 5 feet high. Six Angrtecam sesquipedale filled the front of a stage. Large Cojlogynes and Cymbidiums are common enough, but the specimens here were really of unusual size, Ccelogyne flaccida and C. gigantea, and Cymbidinm Lowii, C. gigantenm, and C. ebur- neum all being represented. Vagabond. RELAND THE LOUGH NURSEIUES, CORK. The nurseries at Cork cover an expanse of fiO acres, and extend to the shores of the Lough, from which they derive their title, have long maintained a place of celebrity among the centres of fruit and floral production in Ireland. It was in the year 1770 that the late Mr. Itichard Hartland (grandfather of the present proprietor), with Arthur Young, first came to Ireland with tlie view of commencing the industry of which these nurseries are the centre. He enjoyed the favour of George III., and got appointed over "The White Knight's " estate of 100,000 acres, and then began those operations of forest and glen planting which have done so much to enhance the natural beauties of Ireland, to increase its timber resources, to provide covers for birds, and to open up the branch of work which it has been at all limes the aim of the Hartland family to promote and extend. The present Mr. Hartland joined his father at the Lough Nurseries. Of the extent of forest trees here developed an impression may be conveyed by the fact that in one kind alone, namely, Larch Fir, Mr. Hartland main- tains a stock of .5,000 000. Here and there, at various parts of the grounds, an' glasshouses, in which many of the rarest flowers and plants are being nurtured, while Roses, Hegonias, I'elargonia, Camellias and Azaleas, Chrysanthemums, stove and greenhouse plants, and Conifern; everywhere luxuriate. The proprietor's dwelling-house is encircled by flowers, and derives a feature of pleasing pictu- resqueness from such bright surroundings. Directly in front of the house is the far-famed M''eeping Beech, whose pendent branches cover .'{(X) feet. It commands the admiration of travellers and tourists, and probably the next feature of attractiveness is the grove of no fewer than thirty golden variegated. Wellingtonias 2.5 feet high. In scarcely any department of fruit-growing has Mr. Hartland attained more pronounced success than in the growing of Plums, and for fruit-growing generally he has been the recipient of many prizes. At a recent Plum exhibition in Edinburgh, of the one thousand dishes put forward from the three kingdoms eighteen varieties from the Lough Nur- series were awarded " Extra Merit." Tne Royal Horticultural Society in Dublin awarded a special Silver Medal for a hundred dishes of home-grown Apples, Pears, and Plums ; and the fact thus brought prominently before the public, that Ireland could produce fruit of a very superior (|uality came as a revelation to pomologists, hitherto unconscious of the prolific character of that country's soil, and its natural advantages for the development of all kiuds of fruits. xVmong Irish horticulturists no subject is of greater interest at the present time than the extension of its resources of fruit and fruit-tree culture, and one has only to glance at the impressive range of productions with which the Lough Nur- series are favoured, in order to find a substantial emphasis of the fact (not so widely known as it should be) that Ireland possesses one of the finest climates in the world for the purpose. At one time in Irish history the south of Ireland was celebrated for Its orchards, and, as a natural sequence, tor the excellence of its cider, which obtained an extensive sale abroad. A sum of about eight millions is, we believe, an- nually expended on imported Apples and fruits, and from this it is evident that, by a successful system of home cultivation, Irish growers would receive a con- siderable share of this vast yearly output, and at the same time would be promoting the prosperity of an industry largely calculated to ameliorate the present impoverished character of this and other branches of Irish work. As an ardent collector of everything relative to the industry with which his name is identified, Mr. Hartland has a neatly-fitted apartment, in which he exhibits samples of Apples, Pears, Plums, Peaches, Apricots, Nectarines, Cherries, Strawberries, and Vines. Here also are one hundred and fifty different samples of Irish woods, and a part of the trunk of the famous Cork-wood Tree which grew at Somer- town, a few miles from here, and whose branches, previous to its death tome years ago, covered a large extent of ground. A feature of interest to gardeners is presented in the preserved samples of the insects which attack the difierent trees, plants, and fruits. GRAFTING ROSES. This interesting operation ia best carried out during the period between November and the end of .January, a middle date being, in my opinion, the best. The first item is to have suitable stocks. It would be better if these had already been potted, but it is not yet too late to secure fairly good results. Both the Manetti and Briar are suitable stocks for grafting upon, but the latter needs to be potted some fortnight or so longer than the former, previous to being operated upon. Pot into as small a size as they can be accommodated in, and do not use a rich compost, A mixture in which the roots can work freely is much the best at this stage. I find leaf- soil and loam, with a little sand, makes an excellent compost. It is also advisable not to pot the stocks any deeper than can be avoided, as you are thus able to fix the graft nearer to the base of the roots, and with greater facility. Many use established stocks ; but there is little advantage gained by this, except in the case of working such strong climbing varieties as Mar^chal Niel, William Allen Richardson, &c., and which need to make as long and forward a growth as pos- sible. My own plan is to pot the stocks in Sep- tember or October, plunging them in sand and cocoa-nut fibre, either in a pit or on the sheltered side of a hedge. If this be done at the time men- tioned, the stocks will soon plump up again, and their roots commence moving. I do not care for the roots to be too active at the time of grafting, having found that when the tops of the stocks are cut o/r, and the bulk of the sap is checked for want of employment, the young roots are also severely checkfd, and often turn brown at their tips. In this case, they do not start into growth again nearly so healthily nor freely as if their roots had not been so torward. If the young roots are about a quarter of an inch long at the time of grafting, it will be quite sufficient, and the sap will be sufficiently on the move to form healthy callus around the graft. A second important item is to use well-matured wood of the previous season's growth. It is also far better if it can be procured from under glass, frost having a very injurious effect upon the callusing properties of Rosewood. In many cases where grafting is resorted to, it is because the variety is a bad grower or scarce, and in these cases it is often difficult to secure really suitable wood. About a week previous to grafting, I like to get my stocks under cover. These few days cause the sap to move freely, and the roots are just ready to make a corresponding spurt. There are several methods of grafting Roses, but all are on the principle of bringing the severed portions of the scion and stock into as perfect juxtaposition as possible, and to also have both stock and graft in the same stage of growth, preference being given to having the former a trifle the forwarder. I propose briefly describing two processes. First, we have what is known as side or whip- grafting. This is the method most commonly used in grafting other subjects besides Roses, such as fruit trees, shrubs, Camellias, Azaleas, &c. In the case of the Rose, it is desirable to get the scion as near to the crown of the stock's roots as possible. First cut oflF the top of the stock about 3 inches from the bottom, and with a sharp knife slice off a portion of the wood, starting from the bottom and making the cut deeper as you reach the upper part. More or less of the stock must be cut away according to the size of it and of your graft. If they be of equal size, it is well to cut ofi' two-thirds of the stock as your slanting cut reaches the top. It is usually only necessary to remove a third of the stock. Under any circumstances the two barks of stock and scion should come as nearly in contact with one another as you can arrange. They should also fit, plane, or be true all the way down. In pre- paring the graft or scion, you make the cut in an opposite direction to that upon the stock, start- ing from the upper part of the graft. Do not make one of the cuts longer than the other, and fit them together in such a way that the lower portion, or thin end of the scion, very slightly overlaps the bottom part of the cut upon the stock. This is of considerable importance, because the union generally starts from this point. When you have made the two cuts so that they both fit, make a slight down- ward cut in the stock about half an inch from the top, and a corresponding cut — but in an upward direction— upon the scion. The slight tongue formed upon tlie latter will fit into the slit of the stock, and hold it in position while being tied firmly together; do not bind them sufficiently tight to constrict the bark in any way. The second method is usually adopted somewhat later in the season, when the sap of both stock and scion is in full work. It is the best plan for working wood that is only partially ripened ; or what pro- fessionals style " green-wood." The top of the stock is cut off in the same manner as before, but a trifle closer to the roots, '2, inches being quiie enough, length to leave. In this case I much prefer to have the stock plunged rather deeply in some moist material like cocoa-nut fibre refuse. This gives a certain moisture and softness to the bark, causing if to lift much easier, and rendering it less liable to split. Make an upward cut through the bark witR the point of a knife, and gently raise it somewhat in the same manner as during the operation of bud- ding. Shave the scion down much thinner than in case of whip or side-grafting, and use wood of rather less substance. Now slip this underneath the raised bark, and tie altogether firmly. In both of these operations it is very necessary to avoid any dirt, and to make the cuts with a sharp knife in as clean and unbruised a manner as possible. Formerly it was the practice to use a mastic of some kind, both to keep the air from the cuts and to secure from any loss of sap. Now, however, they are simply stood in a close propagating case, and kept dark until callused, and the eyes upon the gra't have commenced to grow. When these are some 1 to 2 inches in length, light is admitted gradually ; and later on, as the young plants progress, air is also given in increasing quantities until they are able to bear full exposure to an ordinary greenhouse tempe- 24 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januaei 7, 1893. rature. A gentle bottom heat of 65° to 70° is very beneficial while they are in the case, but the chief points are to do the work quickly and clean, and to keep them close and dark until a union is effected. A. P. Societies. metropolitan classes has been extended from 3^ miles from Shoreditch Church, to the area covered by the London County Council. It has also been arranged that the Floral Committee meet on the second day of the November show, instead of on the tirst, as heretofore. It is intended to issue the schedules of prizes earlier this year than in the past. Law Notes. NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM. December 30. — A meeting of the General Com- mittee took place at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, on the above date, Mr. K. Ballantine in the chair. There was a good attendance of members, including the representatives of several affiliated societies. the Secretary brought up a report from the Floral Committee, recommending that as the business of the committee is increasing annually, that the num- ber of elected members be extended from fifteen to eighteen, six to form a quorum, and one-third of the number to retire annually in rota, but to be eligible for re-election ; also that a chairman of the Floral Committee be appointed at the commencement of each year. On consideration of this report, it was adopted, and it was also resolved that the General Committee should elect the chairman at their first meeting after the annual general meeting, and that such chairman shall be chosen from the members of the Floral Committee. It was also resolved that no Certificate shall be awarded to any new variety unless the proposal be supported by a majority of the members present. The schedule of prizes for the three shows, and names of the judges nominated by the Schedule Sub-committee, were also presented for confirma- tion. The committee off'er the sum of £20 for prizes at the Dahlia and Gladiolus Show held by the Kojal Aquarium Company. Two new classes were added, viz., one for six blooms of Chrysanthe- mums, distinct, Madame Desgranges and its sports excluded ; and one for a vase, epergue, or stand of Chrysanthemums, for table decora- tion, the competition in this case being open to amateurs only. Messrs. Gordon and Jones undertook to judge the Chrysanthemum classes gratuitously. The October schedule has also been revised and improved, in a direction calculated to bring a remarkable display of October-flowering Japanese. Two new classes are added ; one for six plants of Chrysanthemums, distinct, introduced in 1891 — 92 ; and for six blooms of new varieties intro- duced in 1892 or 1893, not less three varieties to be shown, Mr. II. J. Jones offering a Silver Cup as a prize ; and these two classes are also in the November and December schedules. The November schedule is considerably altered and improved, though the leading classes remain un- touched. In tfie class for twenty-four blooms of Japanese, Major CoUis Browne, of Broadoaks, Byfleet, gives a Silver Cup, value 5 guineas, as an additional first prize in this class. In the classes for twenty-four and twelve incurved blooms there are now four prizes instead of three as heretofore. Several new classes are added, one for six incurved blooms distinct put into commerce in this country in 1891-92, and another for six Japanese blooms of a similar date. It is expressly stated that no variety which is included in the centenary edition of the society's catalogue can compete in this class. Two new classes are offered for single varieties, one for twelve varieties, three blooms of each, and one for twelve sprays ; in each case the varieties are to be distinct. In the amateurs' classes, anew class is added for a hand-basket of autumn foliage and berries, which should make a pleasing feature. In the plant classes, Mr. G. C. Paine, F.K.H.S., offers special prizes for six naturally-trained, large-flowered specimens, the height not to exceed 3^ feet, and there must be not less than twelve blooms on each ; Mr. Paine's aim being to see if good specimens less formally-trained can be obtained. Valuable special prizes are offered by Mr. A. J. Godfrey, Exmouth, for Beauty of Exmouth ; by Mr. R. Owen, for new incurved and new Japanese varieties of his own sending out; also for fimbriated and fragrant varie- ties, with a view of encouraging the culture of the smaller incurved and Japanese varieties. Mr. E. C. Jukes offers special prizes for twelve blooms of small incurved varieties, excludine The Queen and Princess of Wales varieties. Lord Wolseley, M. R. Bahuant, Jeanne d'Arc, Prince Alfred, Robert Cannell. or any of their sports, and also new varieties of 1893. The radius for growers competent to show in the IS MOSS PERISHABLE!' In the City of London Court on Tuesday, before Mr. Commissioner Kerr, the case of King v. End was heard. The plaintiffs, Messrs. Beronius King & Co., of 37, Walbrook, E.C., sought to recover the sum of £3, the balance of £12 for certain moss sup- plied to the defendant, Mr. Frederick End, florist, 28. Wellington Street, Covent Garden. The Defendant admitted having paid £9 on account of the £12, but he said that after that had been done he discovered that the moss had perished, and was unfit for sale. The plaintiffs had guaranteed that it would last for years. He (defendant) was appointed sole agent in Covent Garden for the plaintifl"8 ; but, in consequence of the plaintifl's sub- sequently appointing someone else, he (defendant) was unable to sell the moss. Mr. Commissioner Kerr said the defendant should have raised a counter-claim for damages, or have brought a cross-action. Mr. Charles Quilter, plaintiff's solicitor, submitted that the defendant, being in the trade, the maxim caveat emptor would apply. They told the defendant that if he kept the moss dry, it would last for several years, but if he allowed it to become damp, it would be of no use. Mr. Commissioner Kerr said he must find for the plaintiffs, and allow the costs of the action. ways of planting and shading these, of pruning and manuring them, and of the bearing on the subject of the climatic conditions met with in Trinidad ; also with the methods of preparation for the market, the cost of production, and the aspects of the export trade ; and, finally, with the more scientific sides of the subject — botanical, chemical, and patho- logical. The book is, in fact, one of several on kindred subjects, the deduction from many practical experi- ences, which should be readily procurable by those in England, who, from time to time, consider the question of engaging, in one form or another, in tropical agriculture. It seems a pity that there is not some one place in London, where all such book- lets and pamphlets might be readily procurable ; and it may even be suggested that this useful work might be undertaken by the Colonial Institute. [Or in the Lindley Library. Eo.] It may be added that, at the gardens in Trinidad, as at others of these colonial gardens, periodical or occasional Bulletins are published of information most useful to tropical agriculturists ; and these, too, should be made more accessible to those — per- haps not very numerous, but deeply interested — who might shape their future work on them. Everard F. im Thurn, Torquay. CACAO.* The gradual establishment, under the fostering care exercised from Kew, of botanical gardens in most of our small West Indian colonies is a well-devised move in the struggle for existence which these colonies are fighting. The true function of these gardens is not so much botanical, though a great deal of good botanical work may be, and is, incidentally done by them ; nor is it chiefly horticultural, though it is a certain fact that the pleasure gardens, both of the West Indies and of Europe, have derived great benefit from their establishment. Tne true function is, rather, commercial — to find experimentally what plants, and what varieties of these plants, may be mo«t profitably cultivated ; and in what manner, not only these new plants, but, perhaps still more, the already established objects of agricultural industry may most profitably be treated. Among the oldest-established of these gardens are those in Trinidad, which are now under the charge of Mr. Hart, Trinidad being the one island of the West Indies in which cocoa, or, if we must call it so, cacao, shares with sugar the chief place among exports ; it is natural that here the work of the botanical gardens, and of the superintendent of these, is chiefiy concerned with cocoa, just as, in the neigh- bouring colonies of British Guiana and Barbados, the analogous interests is chiefly directed towards sugar cultivation. Cocoa to the average value of half a million pounds sterling has, it may be men- tioned, been exported from Trinidad for some years past. This being so, Mr. Hart has lately published, in substantial pamphlet form, the information on the subject of cocoa cultivation which has been accumu- lated not only by himself, but also by his prede- cessors, and by his colleagues elsewhere. His booklet is indeed a vade 7nncum of cocoa cultivation, and deals fully, so far as present knowledge permits, with such subjects as the selection of the most suitable land, and of the most marketable varieties, the best * Cacao, by J, Hinchley Hart, F.L.9.. SuperiDteodent of the Koyal Botanic Gardens of Trinidad. Printed at the Trinidad GoTernment printing office, Port of Spain. 1892. Price 5», Variorum. The Origin of the Colouring Matters OF THE Vine.— The rapidity with which Grapes ripen in mid-Europe has recently led M. A. Gaotiek to suppose that the skin pigmept to which the colour is due is formed by the oxidation of aldehydic or catecholic substances, which originate in the Vine leaves, and are carried by the sap to the ripening fruit. This view was borne out by the effects following the removal of the leaves from Grape Vines the fruit of which is on the verge of ripening, or by the partial or complete stoppage of the circulation between the leaves and stem ; the Grapes in the first case remaining in a state of arrested development, whilst in the second case the leaves changed in colour to red or brown, and not the Grapes. M. Gautier extracted the colouring matter of leaves thus reddened (from Vines of the Cariguan stock), and examined it chemically. The result completely substantiated his original con- clusion— the colouring matter was found to consist of three ampelochroic acids, namely, alpha, beta, and gama ampelochroic acid. English Grapes in America.— Among the supplies now found in New York markets, says Garden and Forest, are Strawberries from California at l'7y dol. a quart. Black Hamburgh Grapes from English hothouses at 2'50 dols. a lb., hothouse Tomatos from Boston at 1 dol. a lb,, new Chicory from Louisiana at 20 cents a head, and fresh string Beans from Florida for as much aa customers can be induced to pay. Worsted versus Jute. — In our issue for December 10, 1892, we gave a short notice of the latest improvement in wooUenised jute — to-day we have to notice that the production of a worsted-yarn which puts the other in the shade. The correspondent, who sends hanks of the worsted, says : —"The specimen is a copy of one used in Saxony and France, but it is of English manufacture. This is produced in a manner and at a price to completely knock out the jute-worsted." The shades produced up to date are sixty in number, and are very fine. As to price, that is Id. per pound less than the jute, and this low- ness of price is accomplished by means of impioved machinery for " throwing." We await the next development in the jute product ! Enquiry. *' He that questioneth mvcft. shall learn much."~Bk.ooy. Will some of our correspondents kindly inform " J. S.," which varieties of Chrysanthemums are best for the following purpose. He has a wall facing west, which seldom has the sun upon it; Jantart 7, 1893. THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 25 his employer thinks that there is a dark Tar'.ety, not Julia La grav^re, but a larger variety, which will do well ia this position, and be useful for cutting about Christmas time ; of coarse, it needs to be a very hardy kind. The Weather. [Bt the term *' accumulated temperature" is meaut the aKRregate amount, aa well as the duration, of degrees of temperature above or below 42® Fahr. for the period named: and thia combined result is expressed in Day- dejtreea — a "Day-degree" signifyiDg \° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for inversely proportiODal number of hoars.] Tempebaturb. BiErTAiL. Bright Sus. 1? II Aoacinii.iTEii. S . II o o + g s 3 ii i i ii J "Is 1 l§ 2 . 33 s 1 is 1 a d -5 ; ^ a 2 j^ ■5 ■« » 2* s-S s ii •a *■*! £a o ^ 1 • ■^ V S <** < n si 11 * 1 !| 5- D*y- Day- Day- Day- lotbs deg. deg. de«. deg. Inch. Ins. 5 — 0 58 - 159 + 301 13 — 253 501 6 25 8 — 0 93 -377 + 3S9 8 — 201 281 23 30 9 — 0 9a — 241 + 2M 5 - 197 25-4 3) 30 10 — 0 100 - 217 + 258 5 — 180 271 M 35 IJ — 0 118 - 197 + 355 8 - 178 23-8 28 :3 9— ■ 0 8t - 189 +148 8 — 180 '24-8^ 33 38 7- 0 71 -259 + 29.' 13 — 208 48-7 3 .-"a n — 0 84 - 188 + 2!2 8 — 2)5 35-9 31 S2 8 8 — 0 65 - 183 + 125 10 — 192 31-2 3> 39 t 6 — 0 60 - 191 + 135 '- 233 38 4 19 30 10 4 — 2 33 - 117 + 129 7- 203 39 9 30 31 • 8 - 3 30 + 18 + 52 8- 195 39 7 81 45 The diRthcts indicated by number in the flrat oolnmn are the following :— 0. aicutland, N. Principal ^'heat-producing Diitrictt — 1. Scotland. B.; 2, England. N.E.; 3, England, B.; 4, Midland Counties: 5. England. S. Pnncivat Gracing, Hfc, Districtt—d. Scotland, W. ; 7. England, N.W. ; 8, England, 8.W. ; 9, Ireland, N. ; 10. Ireland. S. : (* Channel Islanda ) THE PAST WEEK. Thb following summary record of the weather for the week ending Drcmber .31, is furnished from the Mrteorological OiKce : — "The weather during this period was yery co!d oyer Great Britaia, with a good deal of fog at the ioUnd ttationi, but with fine clear weather on the coast. In Ireland the cimdilions were generally rather milder, and some slight rain was exferienced. "The temperature «as much below the mean, the deficit ranging from 4° or ,'P in Ireland to ai much as 9^ or 10° over the greater part of England, and to 12° in the Midland Counties. The highest of the maxima were registered on sumewliat irregular dates, and ranged from .'J3° in 'Ireland, S.' and the 'Channel Irlands, to '.yj° in the 'Midland Counties.' The daily maxima at the inland stations were very low during the greater part of the week. The lowest of the minima were recorded during the middle part of the period, when the thermometer fell to '.)" in the Mid- laod Counties (at Loughborough), to 11 ^ in .Scot- land East, and to between 12° and 14° in most other districts ; in the Channel Islands the lowest reading was 20°. " The rainfall was almost entirely absent from Great Britain, and very much less than the mean in Ireland. "The hibjlit sunshine was fairly abundant over the country as a whole, but deficient in Scotland, north and west, and in the neighbcjurhoud of London. The pei rentage of the possible duration ranjjed from 61 in the (^hannel Islands to 35 in ' England, S W.,' :H in ' England. N. and W.,' and 38 in ' England, S.,' to only (i in ' Scotland, N.,' and 8 in 'Scotland, W.' In London (owing to fog), the percentage was ns low us 2. " Markets. COVERT GAUDEN, January o. Market still quiet, with good supplies. Pi ices generally unaltered. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Peicbs. :d. t.d. . ..06-13 Pine-apples, St. Mi- chael 4 0-80 Oraogas, Florida, per case 10 0-16 0 Apples, p. half-sievel 0- 3 6 Melons, each — Nova Scotia. '" per barrel 10 0 17 6 Cob5. penOO lb.... 120 0 lio 0 Grapes, per lb. ... 0 6- '2 6 Lemons, per case ...15 0- 35 0 Plants is Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. i.d.t.d., i.d.s.d. Azalea, per doz. ...24 0-42 0 ; Ferns, per 100 ...50-80 Aoiantum. per doi. 6 0-12 0 I Ficus elaatica, each 16-76 Aspidistra, per dor. 15 0-30 0 Hyacinths, doz. pots S 0-12 0 — specimen, each 7 6-21 0 Marguerite, per doz. 6 0-12 0 Chrysanthemam.doz. 4 0- 12 0 Mignonette. doz pots 6 0-12 0 Cyclamen, doz. ... 9 0 13 0 Palms, various, each 2 0-10 0 Cyperus. per dozen 4 0-10 0 — specimens. eachlO 6 84 0 Dracffina. each ... 1 0- ft 0 Solanums, per doz. 9 0-12 0 Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 0 Tulips, per doz. pots 6 0-90 Ferns, vanous, doi. 4 0-90 Cut Flowers.- Averaqe Wholesale Prices. i.d. t.d. t.d. I Arum, per doz. bl. ... 4 0- S 0 Buuvardias, per bun. 0 9 10 Carnations. 12 blms. 2 0-10 Chry8anth^■mum9. p. doz. blooms 16-60 — p. doz. bunches 4 O-l.i 0 Cyclamen, doz. bl Kucharis, per dozen 4 0-70 Poinsett Oardenia, per dozen 6 0-10 0 Heliotrope, per doz. sprays Hyacinth, Roman doz. sprays 0 8-10 — dozen spikes ... 4 0- S 0 Lilac, white French. per bunch 5 6-88 Lilium Harrisii. doz 8 0-10 0 Lily 0« the V'.Jley, Mignonette. 12 bun. 3 0-60 Narciss (Paper-white) French, doz. bun. 2 6-50 Pelargonium, scar- let, per 12 bucchea ... 6 0 13 0 13 sprays ... 10-16 bloomt 4 0 1' 0 Pr mula, double ... 0 8- 1 0 0 8 0 9 Pyrethrum 2 0-40 Roeee, Tea. per dozen 2 0-40 — coloured, dozen 3 0-60 — yellow (Mure- chals), per doz. 4 0-90 — red. perdozen... 10-20 — (French) p. doz. 18-40 Tuberose. 12 blms. 0 9 18 doz. sprays 1 0- 1 6 I Tulips, red. doz. bm 0 6-09 Usiden Hair Fern 12 bunchee ... 4 0- 8 0 Uarguerite. per ioz. Mimosa.Fiench,bju. 10-201 bunches ... *... 4 O- 8 0 Orchids :— Cattleya, 13 blms. 8 0-12 0 OdontoglOHSum oriapum,12blms. 2 0-80 ORCHID-BLOOM — white, do/ Mm. 16-30 — ycllow.doz blm. 16-20 Violets, Parme French per bunch 5 0-80 — Czar, French, per buncli 2 6-38 — small French, p. doz. bunches 3 0-50 Veoetables. I variety. Average Betail PRicEe. t.d. I. d. t.d. t.d. Beans, French, lb. ... 10-1 6 Mustard and Cress. Beet, red, per dozen 2 0-30 punnet 0 4- ... Carrots, per bunch... 0 4-06 Parsley per bunch... 03-08 Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3-08 Seakale, per basket... 2 6- ... Cucumbers, each ... 0 9-16 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 8- ... Endive, per dozen ... 2 0-30 Spinach, per bushel 3 6- ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 9- I 0 Tomatos. per lb. ... 0 6-10 Ixttuoes. per dot. ... 18-20 Turnips, per bunch... 04-08 Mushrooms, punnet 2 0- POTATUS. On account of the continuation of the frosty weather, far- mers will not load ; consequently, stock is very low, and pri.^es are advancing. Best samples, 85s, to lOOs. ; ordinary kinds, 55j. to 60». J. U. Th->mat. SEEDS. London : Jan. 4. — Messrs. .Tohn Shaw St. Sons, Sfed Mer- chants, of Great Maze Pond, Borough. London, S.E.. report torfiivs markrt thinly nltended, with but little business doing. American cables come strong. The t'liited SUtcs Government have just i-sueii their ofHciil estimate of this season's Clover-see.l crop, which they put at Ai per cenl. of an average yield. The total requirements of thi United Kingdom are reckoued to bo about 10,000 tons. Tlifse statistics, in view of the short European crops, indicate an advance in values. Alsyke. white, and Trefoil show this week no quotable alteration. Canary and Linseed are both very firm. The cold weather causes an improved inquiry for I'e^s and Haricots. In Rape seed, the tfndency is upwards. Mustard continues scarce aii.l dear. For white Runner Beans, unpreced)nt«dly low figures prevail. FBTTITS AND VEOETABLES, SrlTALFIKLDS: Jan. 3.— Quotations ;— English Apples. 2.!. 6u3tat'ons:— Cubbagfs. 2s. to 2<. Sd.; Savoys, 4s. to 5s. per tally ; Cauliflowers, Is. to 2s. per dozen ; Spinach, Is. 6rf. to 2s. per bushel ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. 9d. yer half-sieve ; Carrots. 2s. ed. to 3s. ; Turnips, Is. id. ; farsley. Is. id. per dozen bunches ; English Onions, 6s. to 6s. 6d. ; Dutch, do , 4s. 6d. per cwt.; Horseradish, Is. (d. lo Is. Vd. per bundles ; Eoglish Apples, 2.'. id. to 10s. per bushel. Farrixgdon : Jan. 5.— Quotations : — Turnips, 50s. to 60s. per ton ; Parsnips, 65s. to 70.'. do. ; Carrots, 45s. to 50s. do. ; English Onions, £lj to JJ5 per ton ; Sprouts, 2s. to 2s. id. per haU-sieve; American Apples,, greenings, 12s. 6t/., and Spies, 13". per barrel ; Tomatos. 4s. id. per case. Stratford, Jan. 4— Tlie supplies to this market have been excellent during the pist week, an I, with a large attendance of buyers, a brisk trade was done at the undermentioned quo- tations :— Cabbages, 2s. to 3s. per tally ; Savoys, 2s. 6rf. to bs. do. ; Greens. Is. id. to 2s. per sieve ; do., 2s. id. to 4s. per dozen bunches; Turnips, 2s. to 3s. do.; do., 40s. to 5Us. per ton; Carrots, household, 40s. to 50s. do. ; do , cattle-feeding, 24s. to 35;. do. ; Parsnips, 65». lo 7u$. do. ; Mangolds, 16s. to 20s. do. ; Swedes, 18s. to 22s. do. ; Onions, Eoglii-h, 140s. to IfOs. do. ; do., Dutch, OS. to 6s. per bag ; Apples. English. 2s. to 6s. per bushel ; do., American, 12s. 10 20s. per barrel ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. 9d. to 2.*. per hall-sieve ; oo., 2s. id. to 3s. 2d. per sieve; Radish, Is. 9d. to 2«. per bundle. POIATOS. SllTALFIELIS : /an. 3.— Quoations :— Main Crop, 70.1. to 05s. ; Iiuperators, eOs. to 7Us. ; Keneuts, 50s. to 60s. ; Magnums, 50s. to ius. per ton , BoHoliiH : Jan. 3.— Quotations ;— English Maguums, 50s. to 6 .s. ; Hebrons, 60s. to (OS. ; Snowdrops. 6Us. to 76s. per loiu Sthatfohd ; Jan. 4.— Quotations :— Magnums, iiOs. lo eSs. ; Bruce do., 55s, to 7Us. ; Imperators, 60s. to 70s.; Scouli Magnums, 65s. to 9us. ; Mam Ciop, 70s. to 96s.; Bel^iau Magnums, 5os. to tios. per ton. LoKDoN Averages ; ^irn. 4. — Maguums, 50s. to 7ts. ; HeOrous, 80s. to bOs. ; Snowdrops, iOS. to 80s.; Imjc- rators, 6Js. to 70s. ; Regents, 50s. to 60s. per ton. Farrinocon, Jan. 5.— Q lotations : -Main Crop, 90s. to 100s.; Sutton's Abundance, 80s. to SOs ; Belford -Magnums, 65s. to lOs.; Lincoln do.. 65s. to lOs.; Uebrous, 6,'s. to l5$. jier toil. _^___ COBN. .,4i)ero^es.— onicial statement of the average prices of British corn, imperial measure (quarter) for the week ending December 31, and for the corresponding period in 1891 :— 1892; Wheat, 25s. M. ; Barley, 24s. 'Jd. ; Oats, 16s. '6d, 18111 ; Wheat, 36s. lii. ; Barley, 29s. :id. ; Oats, 20s. lOii. HAY. Avtrages.—T:b, Tritoma Uvaria, and other Tritomas. With the exception of the Cannas, Zeas, and Abutilon, the above-named are hardy perennials, which, if used with discri- mination, will be as efli'ective as most of the tender so-called subtropical plants, and once planted, they will require little more attention than that in- curred by an annual manuring or top-dressing with rich soil. These plants, with the exception of Zea and Sorghum, may be bought in the spring from any good nursery at cheap prices. If it is decided to employ plants of annual duration, sow on a hotbed at the end of January, seeds of Canna in variety, Ricinus Gibsoni, Solanum laciniatum, S. pyracanthum, Wigandia caracasana, and the dwarter Nicotianas. A month later Zea and Sorghum may be sown in a warm house, also Acacia lophantha, Grevillea robusta, Perilla nan- kinensis, Melianthua major, Centaurea candidis- sima, C. Clementei, Chilian Beet (in April i, Amaranthua melancholicna, Artemisia Judaica, &c. Most of these should be sown in pots and pans well drained and half-filled with siftings of soil in little knobs of the size of liorsebeans, and over this fine moderately-rich sandy loam. Water and sow thinly. Again afford a little water. Keep the pots dark till the seed germinates, pot off before the roots get the least entangled, and con- tinue for a month to grow them in the same temperature and under the same conditions as the plants were raised. Keep close to the glass to prevent etiolation of growth, affording air more or less according to the weather. COMMUNICATION'S RECEIVED.— A. F. B.— Hugh Boscawen, Auckland, N.Z.— M. F.— H. E.— G. J. I.— H. P., New Orleans.— W. St. C— A. P.— J. B. F.— H. C. Geneva (letter to follow).— W. R.-O. T.. Wandsbeck,- A. B. & Co.. Royal Academy oE Sciences. Turin.— W. W., Earlswood.— R. McL. — W. B. H.— Count de K., Ghent.— A. S. M.— Spottiswoode & Co.— Lord K.— II. S. J.— Cannell & Sons.— A. D.— E. C. — G. H — H. v.— Ch. D. B. Sierre.— L. L., Brussels — G. N.— Scottish Ag'icultural Publishing Co.— Sutton & Sons. — M. C. C— J. J. W.-J. W. P.— C. P. Lucas.— J. D. — H. P., New Orleans.— C A. M. C A. D., U.S.A.— .7. M. — W. R.-W. J. T., Hong Kong, PROTECT YOUR PLANTS FROM FROST. The RUSalAX MAT IMPORTEBS CO. are Now ."iellmg for Cask Kith Order ~ NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL CARGO MATS, at lOOs. ijer lliij, or ILK. 6'/. per bundle of 10. NEW Sr. PETEKSBHRG CARGO MATS, at ,50s. per 100, or 6s. id. per bundle of 10. (Special, (/mt.itions for La'r/e Quantities ) 40, GREAT TOWER ST , LONDON, E C 21-OZ. and 15-OZ, Foreign, of abore sizes in boies of 100 feet and 200 feet super, English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound, in the country, in quantity. "BEST LINSEED OIL PUTTY." GEORGE FARWIILOE & SONS, Lead. (inss. On., and CoLofR MERnHNT.s, 34, St. John Street, West Smithfleld, London, E C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle, The Original and Only Makers of the GENUINE RIVETED TRENTHAM BOILERS With SOLID KSD,S Alw Silvester's patent Trentham W ith Special Provision for Cleaning the Inside thoroughly (a Most Important Point), These Boilers, after long ex- perience, have proved them- selves the Jlost Efficient, Economical, and Lasting Boilers Every other kind of Boilers, Sockets, Flanges, and Expan- sion-Joint Pipes anti Fittings I Low-Pressure Heating. tor all kinds of High ; FRED SILVESTER & CO., General EDgineers, Founders, and Boiler Makers. CASTLE HILL WOKKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE. BECKETT BROS., chelmsford PHOTOCRiPHS Received, With Thanks.— H. Orleans.— Cannell & Sous. Specimens Beceived,— H, Hasiins, New Thorougniy trTaiucai una Kxi.ieriern.v.i HurLiciuiurut Kiif^ii in all branches connected therewith. Price LIST and Estimates free on application. A^WtS S^^ ^^ ^^ > STOURBRIDGE, For GREENH0D3ES and OTHER BUILDINGS, Catalo,,i-i: and Estim,viks Fkke. FOR PICTURESQUE ROCKWORK la G.IRDENS, CONSERVATORIES, FERNERIES, LAKES, WATERFALLS, &c., also for TERRA COTTA FOUNTAINS, KEEBING, VASES, &c., try PULHAM & SON, 50, Finsbury Sq., E.G. RICHARDS' NOTED ORCHID ^e^e^c^e" PEATS, Now Booking Orders for Splendid Stuff from A NEW CUTTING. Loam, Sand, Manures.Tobacco- Paper, Insecticides, Weed-KiUcr, New Season Mats, Mushroom Spawn, and all Garden Sundries, at the Shortest Notice. Special Railway Rates to all parte. The Horticultural Stores, l, Belvedere Crescent, Lambeth. London, S.E. Chief Peat Depfit and Grounds— Ringwood, Hants. Samples and Price List post-free. EPPS'S --•' PEAT, For ORCHIDS, STOV!e PLANTS, Hardwood do., Ferns, and Rhododendron", bv sack, yard, ton, or truckload, SPECIAL ORCHID PEAT, in sack only. Rich fibrous LOAM, superior LEAK-MOULD, Coarse. Crislal, and Fine SILVER SAND, CHARCOAL, C. N. FI BRE REFUSE, fresh SPHAGNUM, l>,itent MANURES, FERTILISERS, I.V'SEC- TfCIUES, and all other Garden Requisites. Peat WOSB Litter, The Original Peat Depot, KINGWOOD. HANTS. CHID PEAT. PREPARED, ready for use, all ftbre, 10.'!. per sack ; 5 for47'. ti'i, SELECTED, in blocks, very fibrous, 8s, per sack; 5 for 37s, 6d. SECOND QUALITi", 6s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, for Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and Ferns, 4s, per sack; 5 for ISs, ; and 3s, per sack, 6 for I2s. tirf. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, and FIBROUS LOAM. each 2s. 6d. per sack; 5 for 10s, PREPARED POTTIXG CO.MPOST, 4s, per sack ; h for 18s, All sacks included. Send Postal Order for Sample Sack. Special terms to the Trade. For Price List apply to THE FORESTER. Joyden Wood, near Bexley, Kent. PE A T . — P E A T . — P E A T , For good Peat, apply to E . D U R M A N , Petersfield, Hants. RCHID PEAT; Best Quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Slove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZ.\LEA PEAT. Samples and Prices of WALKKK AM' CO.. Farnborough. Hants. ARE IN GREAT DEMAND. Exterminate all Insect Pests uithovt Injury to Foliage, No HOT COKES. Vastly Superior to Tobacco Paper, And Adopted by Sir Trevor La^vrence, Bt ; Baron Schroder; Rt. Hon. Jos, Cham- berlain ; Sir Leopold Rothschild. Bart, ; Messrs, Veitch, Chel- sea; Suttou Reading; Carters', Holborn. Easy. Certain, Safe, and Cheap Sheets, 9d, (for ww cubic feet m parcels ) 9a. per Dozen, ('/ 1 do:en, also j, ^, and 1 gross. i at 13 to Doz. McDougalls' Liquid Insecticide,— For i'seimiier Gtoss. „ Garden and Fruit Tree Wash,— For Outdoor Cse. „ Plant Food or Manure,— For Vines. Fruits. & Plants. All Free from Poison, patentee'^ and &'ole Makers^ ..._-..<..■ ■ r>.%nn (London: ID. Mark Lane. M'DOUCALL BROS. \ ^^^o.:U!^^^!^i FROM NURSERYMEN AND SEEDSMEN, BENTLEY'S INSECTICIDE. Awarded Prize Afedal {only award), AT THE International Horticidtural Exhibition, EarVs Court, 1892. Sole manufacturer— JOSEPH BENTLEY, CHEMICAX WORKS, BABBOW-ON-HXnilBEB, HULL. ROBERTS'S (IMPROVED) PATENT STOVES Tebra-cotta 1 Portable 1 For Coal I Pure and ample heat. 24 hours for about lO.., without attention. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &c. GREENHOUSES Heated 21 Hours for about One Penny. Pamphlets, Drawings, and authenticated Testimonials sent. See in use at Patentees, THOJUS ROBEETS, 34. Victoria St., Westminster January 7, 1893 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 27 THOMAS GREEN & SON, Ltd.. LEEDS and LONDON, HOETIODLT0RAI, ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QDEEN. call Special Attention to their Patent Wrouglit-Iron Municipal or Angular Cliainbered and Tubular HOT-WATER BOILERS, And otliers with SHELVES, and HOLLOW or ORDINARY CAST-IRON GRATE BARS. 9Anni F Rflll FRQ '"''"' WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOILERS, any of which are specially adapted for UHUULI. UUILLHUj Heating Greenhouses, Conservatories, Churches, Chapels. Schools, Public BuiMings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, Sec. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extant. 7%e Ml'XIC/PAL and Tl'BlLAR cues are remarkable for their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the Are mil bum u-ithout requiring attention. These Patterns secured the FrasT and HIGHEST PRIZE-a SILVER MEDAL-at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881. MUNICIPAL PATTERN BOILER, THE BEST EXTANT. •~fHOhlT ELEVATION — — SECTIONAL PLAM — The lonf^tudinal section jrivi ater space and V'Shaped hack. , view of the fire-box, water sjjiice, fiue-s, 8t< The front elevatic ' ' sjjiice, nue-s, «c. The cross section ((ives a view of the fire-box, it s«t in bricAwork, whuj$ is necessary for this class of boiler. SIZES AND PRICES. 3 ft. 2 In. long by 2 ft. 0 In. wide by 2 ft. 0 In. deep , 4 0 „ by 2 0 „ by 2 " 6 0 „ by 2 3 „ by 2 6 6 „ by 3 0 „ by 3 8 6 „ by 4 0 by 3 tOMCITUDIMAl. SECTION CH053 StCTION Sizes & Prices, Including Sole-Plate, Grate-Bars, Fire Door, Dampers, & one Flow and one Return, complete. Boilers. W dlh. Li .gth. He ght. Length of 4-inch I'ipiiig calculated to heat I'rice. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. feet. £ 1. d. B 1 « by a 0 by 2 0 600 18 0 0 C 1 9 by « by 2 0 800 22 0 0 D I 9 hv 0 by 2 2 1100 29 0 0 E 2 0 by « by 2 ■1 uoo .■Xi 0 0 F 3 .■) by 0 by 2 6 1750 43 0 0 G 2 R by « by 2 8 2(XK) K) 0 0 H 2 9 by rt 0 by 2 H 2!i(M 80 0 0 I 3 0 by 6 * by 2 6 3000 70 0 0 TESTIMONIALS. npal Buildings, Leeds. January 9, 1886. ,nd satisfactory working of the Hotrwater Re HEATING APPARATUS. Borough Engineer's omce. Mi MESbRS. THUS. (*KI*:EN AND SON. LTD., NORTH STKEET. LEEDS. Gkntlemkn, — I have great pleasure in bearing teatimony to the efflcienc Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings. The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 28,000 feet of pii IJ in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections. &c. The several offices and rooms separaUfly. and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather. Two of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers. No. 4, work the whole of tliis piping eaaily. although we have three of (hem fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the con-gumption of fuel, and I am plea-sed to he able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. lam. Gentlemen, yours truly, TIIOS. HEWSON, Horough Engineer. Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, .TersGy, Aovember 10th. 1886. Gi:ntlf.men.— The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me ia-^t year is doing its work wii islactonly ; it is heating 6000 feet of 4-inch pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quit* sure that it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers. "of your Boilers in uae, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small Yours faithfully, (Signed) G. W. BASHFORD. And HVNDBEDS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF BEQXTIRED. W.H.LA8CELLES&C0.. HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. RUSSIA MATS. REDUCTION IN PRICE. BEST, HEAVIEST, and FULL SIZE: ARCUANGEL MATS, lO.v. per Imiull.' of t.'ii, or OO.'s. per 100. NEW TAOANKOa MATS, 8«. pt^r buiuUo of ten, or 10s. per 100. NEW PETEUSI'.UIUJ MATS, T)s. per bundle of ten, or -IS.s-. por 100. 1;KST I'LAITKI) UAFFIA FU'.UE, (W. per lb. HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES OF EVERY KIND. tm.-KS rO.ST-KKKi: OV Al-1'1.ICATI.>N. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 1.35 & i;?7, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E. HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock /^ T A O C always on Hand. OTj-JXiOOi Special quotations for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At loivest possible prices, NICHOLLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E. CANVAS. Made of prepared Hair and Wool, a perfect protection to all Plants & Blooms. Cheaper tbnn any kind of mat, and will Inst for years. To be had from all Nursery- niMkrs in Manitoba and the XorthWcst Territories. Land also granled flee, or on advantageous terms, in other Provinces— Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. Apply for maps, illustrated pamphlets, reports of tenant faimer delegates, &c., and full information respecting land regulations, bonuses, investment of capital, demand for labour, wages, cost of living, schools, markets. &c. (supplied gratis and post-free), to the High Commit-sioner for Canada (Mr. J. O COLMER, Secretary). 17, Victoria Street, London, S.W. ; o' to Mr. JOHN DYKE, Canadian Government Agent. 16, Water Street, Liverpool. A R D E N REQUISITE S.— sticks. Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffla, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of — WATSON A»D SCULL. 90, Lower Thames Street. London.E.O GISHURST COMPOUND, used since 1869 for Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight ; -J ounces to the gallon of soft water, 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Orchard- bouse trees, in lather from cake, for American blight, and as an emulsion when paraffin is used. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is , ?s.. and lOs. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, lid. and Is. from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICES PATliNT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. THE SYDNEY MAIL, AND NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER. Subscription In Advance, £1 6s. per Annum. Single Copies. 6rf. ; Stamped, 7d. Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wale CONTENTS .— INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS. SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY. RECORD of RACES and NOTES on the TURF. CRICKET and AQUATICS. THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved espec> ally for this Journal.) NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.) AGRICULTURE. PASTORAL, HORTICULTUBE. GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally. STOCK and SHARE REPORTS. ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. TALES by POPULAB ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN AUTHORS. THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMT. INDOOR AMUSEMENTS. THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIBCLK. COMMERCIAL NEWS. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects. AMERICAN HORTICULTURALINTERESTS ARE BEST REPRESENTED IN AMERICAN GARDENING, WHICH INCLUDES : — THE AMERICAN GARDEN THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY and HOR- ] United TICHLTURIST . ""y^"" THE FLORAL CABINET ONE. POPOLAR GARDENING ' Making the Largest. Best, Oldest. Liveliest. Handsomest Gardening Magazine in America. THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FCR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, gg. Subscriptions must commence from Jan. 1. ENGLAND. The undenneDtioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYDNEY MORNING EERALD and SYDNEY MAIL: — London Messrs.Geo. Street & Co., 30, Comhill, E.C. Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.C. Messrs. Gordon & Qotch, St. Bride Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand. Bristol James and Henry Grace, Royal Insurance Buildings. Manchester... James and Henry Grace, 73, Market Street. Edinburoh ... Robertson & Scott. 13, Hanover Street. Qlassow W. Porteous & Co., 16, Royal Exchange Place. 1^" Copies of each Journal are filed at the above Offices for the use of Advertisers. ESTATE SALES. The BestCounty Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is FARMS, ESTATES, RESIDENCES. Any one desirous o< Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purohasing an Estate, oan have copies of the I MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD SUPPLIED FREE FOR SIX WEEKS, on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding Name and Address, and six j halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed, " Mid- ' land Counties Herald Office, Birmingham." The Miilland Counties Herald always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms Estates, and Residenoes for Sale and to be Let. E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, Times Building New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL AND JONES, 4, Spring Gardens. Charing Cross, London, S.W., to whom Orders for Advertisements and Subscript lions may be sent. A Specimen Copy post-free for lOii. (stamps). iigricultural licmtomifif. An ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE, of 52 pages and cover. Exponent of scientific and high faiminfn ; advocate of co-operation in agriculture, in the supply of farm requisitef. and the sale of produce ; organ of the Agricultural and Horti- cultural Association, the pioneer society for mutual supply of pure oilcakes, complete manures, reliable seeds, and imple- ments on wholesale terms. Specimen copy free. Subscription, per annum, 5s., inclusive of postage. Single copies '^d. each through all Newsagents. 3, Agar Street, Strand, London, W.C. THE "WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 1794. The Leading County Paper. Extensive circulation among the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference and distribution plans and particulars of Estates. Catalogues of Machinery, Furniture, Books, and other Property advertised in the Columns of the " HERALD." Sales of Stock and Agrlcultoral Effects. The ■* WORCESTER HERALD " is the most effective organ tor giving publicity to announcements of this class. It is the leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates most extensively among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Land Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let would do well to advertise in the " WORCESTER HERALD," the Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large circulation. Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the "WORCESTER HERALD" U re'^o^niaed as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. Apply for terms. SPECIMEN FREE. Price2d. Published Friday for Saturday. OPFICK -72, HIGH STRF.RT. WORCKSTFR. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. THE PUBLISHER, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, W.C. Please .• vinmenci)!'/ 'nd me " The UAnDBNEHs' Chhonicle " fir _180:;. _ Mo/If /i.-- ,/or trhirh I enclose P.O.O. If Flfase Not9 that all Copies sent Direct from this Office must be paid for In advance. ^ THE U.VITED KINGDOM :— 12 MoDths. 16s, ; 6 Months, 7s. ed. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. ; Post-free. ALL FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS, Including Postage, Hs. 6rf. for 12 Months, Receipts for less than six montlis' subscription will not be sent unless spcciiilly asked for. P.O.O. to he mide j^ayable at the Poft Office, No. 42, DBUBY liANE, London, to A. G. MABTItf. Ihetjues should be crossc-a "DRUMMOND.' Jan 7, 1893. -i^ .Iaxcary 7, ll?!»3.J TEE GARDE1\ER8' CHRONICLE. 29 AUTOMATIC DAMPER FOR GREENHOUSES. Dr. GEORGE WALKER. Inventor of Chrysanthemum Cup Tubes. Wimbledon, says: — '• I have used your Automatic Damper for some weeks, and am perfectly satisfied with it. A most ingenious and useful invention." Mr. H. J. JONES, Hither Green, Lewisham, who uses the Damper in a house inO feet longf, says : '• I find this Damper is in every way economical. It saves both fuel and labour, and keeps the house at a more even and better temperature." AUTOMATIC DAMPER CO.. 97, FLEET STREET, E.G. HORTICULTORAL BUILDER, Every description of GEEENHOUSES, LIGHTS, &C. PIT LIGHTS. I CUCUMBER HOUSES. Best quality and workmanship, J inches thii-k. 9 (t. by 4 tt., Timt.er nullnieiil to build 100 (eet t.y 1-' feet home, Rcof Iron bar across and very strong, 1«. W. each. .'SOJ- doz, £1U for V.ni lUior-i, Ojor. &c. Put on rail in LoodoQ. Price, 6 J lights, free on rail in Loudon. Caob or reference with order. I £9 108. Seni' lor detailed jpecitication to W. DUNCAN TUCKER, HORTICULTURAL WORKS, TOUENHAM. [J^j^ Send for Illmtrated Catalogue, just issued. iiti ^-ESTTlSX §2 R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BTJILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vlnsrles, Stoves, Greenbouaes, Peach Houses. Forcln; Houses, Jcc. pertrction 01 ((rowing houws. and for liracticul utility, cioiiomy, nnl dumbility < onstructed on our improved plan, are the nnot be eiiualled. We only do one claHi of 111 tha froi of aDyone out of our firm, ted, and success guaranteed Conservatories and Winter Gardens a.-^iirnpl .u. liitectumlly correct without the a«.si9ta) 1 tli.-Minll"^t t jili.hirg.M. Hot-watnr Heating Apparatus, with really reliable IljilerB,e n all c^n,^. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hot Bed Boxes, &c.. always in stock. rl m., IMtiiuiUs, uiU Citul'^',-:':- / . «. t'lofoM-ri u titd on in ani/ part of the Kingdom. Our Maiim Is and nl«ny» Iiim been- - MODERATE CHARGE 8. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. ECONOMICAL-SAFE LASTING USE CLAY'S MANURES TRADE MARK. THE Having the rr- sprctive Trade Mark printed OQ each packet and bag. and im- tNV on the TOR Ic attached to mouth of baR, which i the . fADE MARK. ONLY GUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS. ^ Thefe well-known Manures are used by the leadinir (.rowers. Royal Botanic Society. Royal Horticultural So,-ifty, Knyal Parks. Ix)udoii County Council, throunhout the I'Lited Kiii-dom. and in every quarter of the Globe. SoM l.v Seed»m.n. F'orists. and Nurserymen, in 6(J. and Is racktt'. and SEALED BAGS. '">• I* lb. 281b. 66 lb. 113 11.. 28. ed. 48. 6d. 78. 6d. 128. 6d. 20s. Or direct from the Work^. in Is. PACKETS ro»t free or Bagsof either si/e. Carriage I'aid (as saniplel. in the lliiilcl Kingdom for Cash with order us aboie. Prices and Samples of CRUSHED BONES in Various Sizes on Application. CLAY & SON, Manure Manufacturerp, Bone Crushers, &c , TEMPLE MILL LANE, STRATFORD, LONDON, B. ]>()NKS ! JiOiNES ! ! Bt^NKS ! ! ! ~ Any size » -» from dust to I inch. Distolvcd Bone Compound for Top-.lressiDK All at Ids. percwt.; less quantity. iW. per lb. Carriiige paid on 1 cwt. Terms, Cash with Order. Special quotations for larRe Buyers. K^S. WILES AND CO , Bone Crushers. St. Albans. CU E E S O N 'S MANUK~E.-^The I^ • Fertiliser for all purposes. Demand increasinK weekly One trial will prove its value. Pure Bones any sire, raw or dissolved, 8,<. per cwt. Write for particulars.— C. BKKSON. The Hone Mills. St. Neofs. Hunts. To Nurserymen and Seedsmen. WANTED, the above to THY Sl'ENCER'S NEW FISH GUANO. Can bo used dry or dissolved m water, a special Bdvantnge. Analysis, H to la per cent, ammonia. Addrc™, I. SPENCKR. Fish Ounno Manufacturer Spring Street, Hull. Yorks. A genuine article, no miiture. NEW ARCHANGEL MATS.-O feet by •1 feet fl inches. lOi. for 10; 90.? per 100 WM. DIRLINOTON, Askew Street. South Hackney. London. BOULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. WINTER GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES, ORCHID HOUSES, and GREENHOUSES IN ALL STYLES. GARDEN FRAMES IN GREAT VARIETY. BOILERS OF ALL MAKES AND SIZES SUPPLIED AT THE CHEAPEST RATES. our celebrated gHfQ|^ f^Q gQ|LER^ No. 4 To heat fi No. lL',-To li.at from 40 to 10) feet of 4-in. piping. VALVES, PIPES, FITTINGS ALWAYS IN STOCK, HEATING APPARATUS fixed by experienced workmen in any part of the country. .r ,~ r .• ,l,^t^:^t N"- 7-PLAIN SADDLE BOILER. Estimates on application. «roml50 toSOOteot ^^ h.., r.^^ mr, t^ tm l ,^,A- h ^^ of 4*in. piping. To neat Irom 100 to .100 feet of 4-iiK'h piping. 300 to 50O0 feet of 4-inch piping. CATALOGUE} of all our Miuufactures, Including Hortlciltural Buildings and Appllanc}3, Iron Buildings. Poultry and Kennel Requisites, Free. 30 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [.Ianuaey 7, 1893, THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE PUBLISHER'S NOTICES. Gardeners' Chronicle Telegrams. — The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is " Oavdrhrcn, London." ADVERTISEMENTS. Scale of Charges for Advertising. Uend L ne eh ar.jed as luv. 4 Lines . . £0 3 0 15 Lines , . £0 8 6 6 „ . . 0 3 6 18 . 0 9 0 6 „ . . 0 4 0 17 . 0 9 6 ■7 >i . . 0 4 6 18 . 0 10 0 8 » . . 0 5 0 19 . 0 10 6 9 „ • . 0 5 6 20 . 0 11 0 10 „ . 0 6 0 21 . 0 11 6 11 „ . 0 6 6 22 . 0 12 0 IS » . 0 7 0 23 . 0 12 6 13 „ . . 0 7 6 24 . 0 13 0 14 „ . . 0 8 0 25 . 0 13 6 AND SIXPE.VCE FOB KVEBY ADDITIONAL LINE. IE set acrosg two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s. If set across three Columns the loweit charge will be 30s. Page, £5; Half Page. £1 10.!.; Column, £J. Notice to Advertisers, — In many instances Uemittances in Payment of Repeat Adi.er- tisements are received without name, address, or anything heyond the postmark on cnvehipe by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deed of trovhle, and freijiii iitly the sender cannot he identifi'd at all. Adrrliscrs are requested when. Rciailtiii;/ to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Advertisements which tlicy wish repealed. Position. — Advertisers are specially reijiiested to note, that nnder no cirenmstanc-'s irhat- ever can any jmriicidar position hegwiraiitfcd for advertisemerds occupying less space than an entire column. All Advertlsemants should be addressed to the PUBLISHER. Publishing Office and OfSoe for Advertisements, ■U, WELLINdrON StHEUT, .SiUANI), VV.O. RICHARDS' NOTED PEAT. Specially .ele.l..,] mil prepired for ORCHIDS, an.l all other pliiiits. AETIFICIAL MANURES, a„.l GARDEN SUN- DRIES of fvery .lesrr.pla.ii. Please "rite for a free VKWK LIST. Special '[uot^tions giren for any goodi, carriage paid, in large or smiU i^aantities G. H. RICHARDS, Old Shot Tower Whxrf, Lambith, London, S E. chief Peat (Sroiiii.is ami Depflt, Rl.MnV.i.iD, H IMS (Adilrr-s all l.tl.T* I,. [.n.M.Mi Wharf.) BREAKFAST-SU PPER E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA BOILING WATER OR MILK. RAILWAY AND OTHER ACCIDENTS INSURED AGAINST BY THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY, ESTAPLISHED 1849. £3,150,000 paidfor CLAIMS. 64, CORNHILL. LONDON. Y:^.Tr''-\^^- E.STABLISHED 1S51. BIRKBECK BANK, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C. THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS repayable on demand. TWO per Cent, on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, on the minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS and SHARES purchased and sold. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receivfea small sums on deposit, and allows interest, at the rate of THREE PER CENT, per annum, on each completed £1. BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY. HOW TO IMIUOUASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH. BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY. HOW T(i I'I'KCHASK A PLOT OF LAND FUR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post- fr«9. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Armitaoe Bros., High Street, Nottingham — Seeds and Garden Rcjuisites, Datid W. TiiomsO-V, 24, Frederick Street, Edinburgh— Seeds and Sundries. 1X0. DowviE, UJ, Princes Street, Edinburgh — Seeds and Garden Requisites. W.M. CuTiiuss & Son, Highgate, London— Flower, Vegetable, an 1 Farm Seeds. H. Cansell & Sons. Swanley, Kent — Kentish - grown Seeds, &c. Hirst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, London— Trade List of Vegetable, Flower, and Farm Seeds. James A. Anderson, 7, Wine Street, Sligo— Seed Catalogue. Jno S. Ireland, 81, Princes Street, Edinburgh— Garden Seeds. E. P. Dl.xoi & Sons, The Yorkshire Seed Establishment, Hull — Spring Catalogue of Seeds. Jno. Eraser, Lea Bridge Road, Leyton. Essex— Ro>e3. Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Climbing, Green- house, and General Plant Catalogue. Tom B. Donns & C",, 32, Queen S.juare, Wolverhampton— General Plants. J. Backhotse & Son, York— Garden Seeds, and Requisites. Pktkr Lawson & Sox, Limited, Wholesale Seed Growers, Edinburgh— Trade List of Seeds, &c. Cms. Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough— Kitchen, Flower Garden, and Farm Seeds. F. G. Heinemann, Seed Grower, Erfurt, Germany— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Biddles & Co. (Penny Packet Seeds Co.), Loughborough — Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Dutch Bulbs, &c. Hurst & Son.s. 1.52, Houndsditch, London— Clover and Grass Seed Circular. Sherwood Hall Niuserv Co. (Ti.mothv Hoi-kins), San Francisco, Cdlifornia- Trees, Plants, Seeds, and BuliiJ. Little & Baluntine. Carlisle — Vegetable and Flower Seeds, G-irdeu Sundries, &c. Alfred Legerton, 5. Aldgate. London, E,— Trade List of Garden, Agricultural, and Flower Seeds. Harbison & Sons. Seed Growers. Leicester— Seeds. &c. William Leigkton. S9, Union Street, Glasgow— Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Liliums, Hybrid Gladioli, &c. Clark. Bros. & Co, 6.5, Scotch Street, Carlisle— Garden Seeds. Geo. Philip & Sox, 32. Fleet Street, London, B.C.— Optical Lanterns and Accessories. QASDENINO AFFOINTlffENTS. Mr. O. Cook, for the past eight years' Foremin in the Gardens o: -Morden Park, Mit.harn. Sunev. as Head Gar- dener 10 W. L.J. For, Esq., Elm Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield, Middlesex. Mr. F. Comrev as Gardener to thejEarlof DuRHA.M, Harraton House, Fining, Newmarket. Mr. J. Wadham, for the past seven years Gardener at Rsdinghnrst, Craiileigh, Surrey, as Gardener to the Hon. F. L. GOWtR. Holmbury, near Dorking. Mr. W. Ham.mond. lately of Davenham Bank Gardens, Malvern, where he had lived for four years, as Gardener to St. John's Hospital, Droitwich. Mr. Andbfw Duncan, formerly Gardener at Netherby, Cumberland, as Gardener to Mr. SciIOTT. Penny Hill Park. Big?hot. Surrey. This post was secured through the instrumentality of Mr. John Forbes, nurseryman, Hawick, N B. ALMANACKS RECEIVED. Fletche r'neers, W,. Ru.ssELL & Co., Limited, I Manchester, and London. T J. Smith, Son, & Downe«, 109, Queen Victoria Street, E.G. Thomas Holloway, 78. New Street, Oxford Street, London. BouLTON & Paul, Rose Lane Works, Ncrwich. \ DVERTISER, with Capita', ■would lilie to i"V meet a FIRST-CLASS GROWER of Grapes, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Maidenhair Fern, Roses, &c„ for Sjle. One with small Capital preferred.— C. P. J., Brooklets, Hanworth Road, Hampden. USHROOMS for MARKET.— Advertiser wishes to meet with Capitalist willing to join him in producing above. Thorough practical knowledge of Growing. —Address MUSHROO.M, 4l, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED, PRACTICAL PARTNER, with £700 to £800, in a First-class Nursery with Three Branches; also large Floral Dr^pOt, established over twenty years. Sole cause of taking a Partner, unable to devote suffi- cient personal attention, and wishing to extend the business. This is a chance seldom met with, and will bear the strictest investigation.- Address, K. P. \., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. r>E(}UIRED, aHEAD GARDENER. Must V be thoroughly efficient in every branch, and have had good experience with all kinds of Glass. Apply, by letter, giving particulars of situations held, also reasons for leaving. State age an 1 wages re.iuireil. Write, HAMPSHIRE Willing's Advertising Offices, 162, Piccadilly, W. WTANTED, a HEAD GARDENER (of two) V V and LAUNDRESS, at once, for Country House near Dondon ; to reside in Entrance Lodge. Wages. .'JOs. per week, with Lodge and Ganlen free. Fuel and materials for Laundry found. — Apply, by letter only, to A. B.. Mr. Jackson, 25, Belleville Road, Wandsworth Common. S.W. ANTED, as GARDENER, a civil, sober, and obliging man, thoroughly understanding his duties, and not afraid of work; a middle-aged man without family preferred. Apply by letter only, with full particulars, age, wages, &c.— A. B., Elleoborongh House, Roehampton. ANTED, a WORKING GARDENER (SlN(iLE-HANDED).— Occa-sional help given. No chil- dren. Must have good experience. Indoor and Out. Forcing Flowers, good Fruit and Vegetable Grower.— Apply, letter only, with references, A. EDWARD, Grainingtold, Billings- hurst, Sussex. ANTED, MAN and WIFE, to live in the House, Man to act as GARDENER in a small Suburban Garden, with Greeuhou-e, and to make himself generally useful: Wife to act as good plain COOK. Two in family. Housemaid kept. Applicants must be of mi.ldle age. and have unexceptionable references as to character and ability. — Apply to F. R. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, 11, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Gardeners. WANTED, a FOREMAN, where three oth. rs are kept —Must he a good Plant and Flower Grower. Married Man, not more than one child ; to live in Lodge — Appiv, sUting full particulars, to J. COOPER, Tandridge Court, Redhill. Surrey. Nursery Trade. WT'ANTED, a FOREMAN, for Glass Dr- Vr partmenr. Must have a g(od knowledge of fit Flowers and Decoriiting Business. — Apply to 924, Roberlson & Scott, Advertising Agents, Edinburgh. ANTED, a good FOREMAN for the Houses; one used to House and Table Decorat-on, Wages, £1 per week. Bothv. Milk. \'egetables, ic. State age and full particulars to T. LOWIN, Cjtmore, Oakham, Rutland, WANTED, a FOREMAN, for the Herbaceous and Alpine Departmeot. State a(i;e, wng-^s re(|uire.i, and give fuIUst information as to sit uatious held since leaviiijf school. Keferences or copies of testimonials should also be sent to RICdARu SMITH AND CO . Kt. John's Nurseries. WorcesttT. AA/' ANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, -.-^hose T T wife is a good Laundress. No children. — .4p?'y, Mr. BARKER, Budgwick, Sussex. ANTED, as ,IOURNEY.M.VN, for the Houses, a strong active Young Man not under 2.1 years of age. Must be well up in Plant and Fruit Growing. Wages 17s. per week and bithy. — Apply, stating experience, to F. GIBSON, The Gardens. Lyme Hark. Disley, Stockport. WANTED, a young MAN experienced in Nursery Work (Glass Depirtment), General Collection of P.ants; .also Pot- Vines grown —State ag', experience, and wages by letter only, to A., Miss Thomas, Reading Rooms, Isleworth. WANTED, a young Man, for small Nursery (Glass), used to Growing Market Stuff, Cut Flowers. &c. One from a Nursery preferred. — Apply, statirg wages, experience. &c., to WEBB, Nurseryman, Kendal. \^7ANTED, a MAN, who thoroughly under- V V stands Market Gardening in all its branches, Forcing and Tomato Growing. Preference given to a single man.— Address, Mr. JAMES S.MITH. Pedmore. near Stourbridge. Seed Trade. "\A7^-''^^TED, a smart active young MAN, as T > ASSISTANT COUNTER H.AJiD.-JOHN WILSON, Seedsman, Hereford, [Janua 1S93. THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 31 TO WANT PLACES. GARDENERS AND OTHERS SEEKING SITUATIONS. Ircrtisrrs arc rjuiwitcl uj'tind Imiiny Utters addressed to initials at I'cst-vffices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present several Tery superior MEN on my Register, whose cha- racter and ability will bear the strictest investigatioo. — JOHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh. Li'' SANDER AND CO. can recommend -T • several highly qualified and energetic HEAD and U.NDER GABDKNER3. of excellent character, and proved ability; men thoroughly fitted for all the various duties of their profession. For all particulars, please apply to — F. S.iNDER AS-D CO.. St. Albans. I C H A R D SMITH and (7(X beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &c. — St. John's .N'iir?erie>. WurLe^ter. Gardeners, Farm-Balllffs, Foresters. &c. DICKSON'S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to KECO.MMEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their busi- oess. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Addreta— •• DICKSONS. Chester." GARDENERS. — Our complete and extensive register of GARDENERS OPK.-J FOR ENGAGE.MENT is at llie service t.f any Lady or Gentleman wishing to secure theservicesof tru.tworthyrelml.IenK-n.— 1)1CKS0N.S andC'O., 1, Waterloo Place. Edii.burgh. EsUbli^hed over a Century. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES C.\UTi:ii AND CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, •everal of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to l!.-i7 and 23«, High Holboni, W.C. GARDENER (IIrad).— W. B. Fisuek, Gar- dener to the EiUL C.vWDc.H, Stack|>ole Court, Pembroke, will be pleased to recommend Charles JJuvied to any Lady or Oentleman who is in want of a firstrclass man. GARDENER (Head) ; age .3.->, married.— Mr. W. SWAX, Gardener and Steward to J. P. Bryce, E*!.. IJystock, Exmouth, can with every confidence recom- mend a thoroughly practical man, conversant with the requireni'-nt, of a large estiblishmeat and all things pertain- ing to Horticilture. First-cla*s Orchid Grower and General Pluntsman. Hinhest pos-ible character. .VRDENER (Head). — Age 30 ; sixteen yeirs' eip.;rience in large eslahlishment^, both Inside an! Out. First-clasi references— J. LEWIS, Sands CotUge, Derry Hill, Caliie, Wilts. GARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— WmTHow^ Gardener to Henry Tate, Est]., Park Hill, Streatham Common, Surrey, can with confidence recommend his Fore- min, Thomas Jones, who has been with him for the last four years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorojgh competent man, where not less than three are kept. Well up in the Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetsbles, also Table Decorations and Chrysanthemums. ARDENER (IIkad).— Age 32, married, no family, A OENTLKU&:f wishes to highly recom- mend his Head Gardener lis a thorough practical man. — COLE, The Gardens, Fogleigh, Box, Wilta. GARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— J. Dlmdle, Gardener to Sir Charles Philipps. Karl., Picton Castle, llnverfurdwest, is desirous of recommending his General Fore- man, II. Butcher, to any Laly or Oenileman requiring a thoroughly competent man. He has a goo.t knowledge of the different branches of Gardening, is well acquainted with the Cultivation of Fruit (In looranl Out), Flowers and V, geUWes, is also a good hand at Table Decorations. GARDENER (IlEin).— Age 28 ; thoroughly eipenenc'ed Inside and Out, including Orchids. Can be well recommended. — M., Manor Hou&e, Ounnersbury, Acton, W. ARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— Age .18, milrried; five years Head Gardener to the Hon. Capt. C. FiUwilliam, Harnsdale Hall, Oakham, is open to re-en^ngement with any Ljdy or Gentleman re- ; marrieil.— William Ut'ciiv, for the last six and a-half years Gardener to L. T. Cave, F's-i,, is open to treat with any Ladyor Gentleman re.iuirirgan experienced min.— WILLIAM BUGUY, The Gar- dens, Diichim Park, FetersSeld. GARDENER (llEAD),^or good SkcondT— Age 29; twelve years' priictlcil experience in all bramhes. Qooil testimonial from last situation. —A. M., Mrs. T.i. kley, Albion Uoad, St. Albans, Herts. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). — Ag.f 23 ; experienced in Flow-ers, Fruits, and ^'ege- tables. Four years* good character from last place.— W. KEEN, Itoe Green. Kirg.ibury, Middlesex. MANAGER or EOREMAN.^ge ~35] married ; life expeiience in all branches. Thoroughly versed in the minugement of the kiisinem. Highly re- commended by first class firms.- K. K . GaidiHt't' Chronicle Ollice, 11, Wellington Street, Stnnd, W.C. FORE.MAN.— Age -'rf; fourteen years' ei- perienje in gowl private places, and can be well re- commended.—T. WADE, South Street, Oakhum, Uutlaml. I^'^OREMAN i'RUPAG.VrUR and (iROWER. i. —Age 2.); life experience in growing Plants ard Cut Flower:), and Fruit for Market and Ketail.— E. CLE.MENTS, Florist. Church End, Finchley, N. FOREMAN (Inside or General),— Age 27. First-cluss experience in all branches.— W. D., Korth- ridge Lodge, Hoxmoor, Herts. FORE.MAN, in a Gentleman's establishment, where two or three are kept.— Age 2ti; thirteen years' practicil experien<-s in all branches. Two years as Foremjn previously. Exiellent testimonials.— J. DUDD, 4, Lancefield Stieet, (Queen's Park, W. FOREMAN, in a gjood Establishment.— Age 26; twelve years' experience. One year OS Foreman in last situation.— A. W., Fenwick Villa, St, John's, Worcefter. FOREM'AN.^^ge 30 ; well up in the Culture of Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, Early and Late Forcing. Fifteen years' experiencs. Abstsiiier. Excellent ch[iracters.-OILBEUT. John Street, Llangollen. '-rO NURSERYMEN.— Two young Men seek J- engsgemcnt, one (age 28) .as FOKE.VIAN GROWEK, Tomatos, Plants, Cut Flowers, Wreaths, Crosses, &c. The other (age 24) as General PltOPAGATOR. Hoth have ex- cellent reference*, Lonilon and jirovincial. — A. .1 . Gardeners* Chronicle Oir\CQ. H. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. PROPAGATOR (Soft^ootTed) and Fe7{N X GKOWER.— Age 2.->; Stove and General Market first- class Pot Stuff. Ten years experience; good references.— H. C, Gardeners' Chronicle OlBce, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. G ROWER of Soft-wooded Plants in General H. HENDERSON, Uphill, JOURNEYM.\N, inside, or Inside and Out, in a good establishment.— A^e 20 ; four years'experience. Woull like to improve himself. Bjthy preferred.— F. LARGE, Harrowby Koad. 8t. Vincent's, Grantham. JOURNEYMAN (First), or FOREMAN, in a small place, where four or five are kept. — Age 27 ; eight 'years' experience under Glass. Good character.— t*. OSBORNE, Turnpike Road, Hacheston, Wickham Market, Suffolk. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 21. In the Plant Houses. Two years in present situation ; three and a-half years previous. — W. PETTET, Belvoir Castle Gardens, Grantham. IMPROVER, in a Nursery or good Private Garden.— Age 20 ; six years' experience. Seeks situation as above; gool cnaracter.— W. D., 4, Havelock Place, Slough, Bucks. K NIFEMAN (Outdoor).— Age Iri ; good Rudder and Grafter. Training, &c. Four and a-half years' experience ; good character. Reply, stating wages, 4c. —GEORGE DAVIES. Nurseries, Downham. Norfolk. HANDY-MAN (Glazier, Painter, and Cai LKiNO) would be glad to hear of a Job.— Any district; own tools. Good references. Shortly disengaged. — G., 3. Sunnyside, Sidcup, Kent. ARDEN BOY.— A Lady recommends a Garden Boy (age 18). Eight months' character. Leaving through breaking-up of esublishment. -W. DEAN, Stoke Green, Wexham. Slough. '■po GARDENERS.— A young Man, age 24, i seeks (itiiation in the Fruit Houses. Two years in ''pO SEEDSMEN. — Advertiser requires re- A engagement. Ten yeirs' expeiience, first-class London House and Provinces. Used to smart Counter Trade. Highest references; steady.— H., Gardentrs' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. --pO THE TRADE. — I can recommend a X reliable youig man (age 22), with expeiience at the Counter or Odice. shall be pleised to give all particulars to any good Wholonale or Retiil House.— THOMAS UUICHER, Seed Merchant. Croydon. ''I-^O NURSERYMEN and FLORISTST^^ X young Mjn seeks a situation. Is of good address, and has a thorough knowledge of Floral Woik and all branches of the Trade.— M. F., 3, Keuway Itoad, Earl's Court, 8.W. C^ONFJDKNTIAL CLEUK, ROOKKEEPER"^ \J and SALESMAN.-ItoUnical knowledge; fifteen years' experience, London and Provinces; expert writer; undeniable references. Married ; abstainer.— W. W., 3, Clewer Terrace, Haven Green. Ealing. SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Age IkT; three years' gooil experience in Seeds. First-clasa references. H. OUEE.NWOOD, 4S. St. Georges. Canterbury. SHOPMAN. — Fourteen years' experience in the Nursery and Seed Trade. Good references. — J. S Gardeners' t'/in);ucfcOlfice,4l, WellingtonStreet, Strand, W.C. SHOPiMAN (Assistant).— Ten years' i-xperi- encs in all branches. Abstainer. tJood references.— J. H., Messrs. Stuart & Co., Seed Merchants, 19, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. SHOP.MAN (Asslstant),— Age 26. Ten years' experience in Sesds, Uulbs, Plants. First-class references: iM-d to brisk counter trade.- PLOWMAN, 45, Rosebery Street, Prince's Road, Liverpool. SHOPMAN, or .M AN A( iER.— Age 31 ; has a O thorough kii,n>],',lg.. of ill,- Tni,',- in all branches. Seeds, Plai.ls, HullH, Sululti-s. i;,-i,er;il Furnishing, and .lobbing Work.-KIICHAKll, 41, Wellinglon street. Strand, W.C. SEED TRADE (AsgisTANr).— Age 21; over three years'experience in lirst-class Agricultural House. Willing to be useful. -X., l.i, Woodville Road. Bowes Park, N. q^iO^FLORIS'lVS and^~rTlUrTERERS, — Re- -1- engagement desired by n young Lady. Thoroughly well trained in bjth branches. Unexceptionable references from previous eugigements. — S. W. M., 3>, Mardale Street, shepherd's Rush, London- ■"pO FLORISTS.— A young Lady, thoroughly X experienced, seeks re-engagement. Firsl-cla^s refer- ences.-E. W., 2, Vandevoid Villas, Northcote Road, St. Margarets, Twickenham. H0LL0\VAY'8 OINTMENT and PILLS.— Chust and Stomacli C'onipluint.H.— The source and centre of almost every ailment in impurity of the blood ; di»lo:1ge this poison, and dist-ase di>p:irt3. HoUoway'a Pills exercise the inestimable power of thoroughly cleansing each component part of the blood, and rendering this Huiii ftt to perform its important functions. They cope most succss- tully with chest diseases, !*e enable everyone to r.'gulate the operation of these Pills with the greatest nicety. Chronic invalids, nervous sufferers, and all whom other treatm.-nt has failed to relieve, are re»|)ectfully invited to try HoIIoway's celebrated medicine, which will strengthen and cure them. 32 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [Janoahy 1, 1893' AWARDED TWENTY PRIZE MEDALS AT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS AT HOME AND ABEOAB. KEITHS PATENT BOILERlT"iliALLEIiE; VIADUCT, ' PYTHON:.c , ■c/M> -crnT w ATW-R TTFATING " STAND FIRST," require no building work round them, are entirely water-jacketed, and heat from 50 feet up to iiSoO feet of 4^inch p.pe respectively. Many thousands are in use all over the world, and the Boilers are unrivalled in power and economy. BOILER, as illustrated below, has 1000 square feet of effective I, ♦■■'^f !;^r^l! wit^"^7'^saMre f^etTfTre-e'rate'areaT heats about 20,000 feet of 4-inch pipe, and is thtS rowe'rfuland Conl^^ '^Special " Hot-water lleat.ng Boiler in the World. This Engraving " illustrates the moat powerful form of Boiler that has yet been made for Hot-water Circulation."— Extract from Hood, on Warming bi/ Hot water, New Edition, 1891. KEITH'S BOILERS are almost exclusively used by Her Majesty's Government, at the Home Office, and for the Heating Work of the Prisons throughout the United Kingdom, in preference to all others. KEITH'S Patent RAIVIS& Self-acting, HYDRAULIC RAM-PUMPS, For Raising Water KEITH'S PATENT "UNIVERSAL" RADIATORS, For Hot-Water Heating. Ma-ie in One Piece, and in maay Sizes and Modificatioaa, A'o Joints to Leak. Thousands iuuse. Manufactured under thirty James Keith's Patents in Great Britain. United States, and Canada. faMP,n. shcu,,, be a<,d..sed ,o the ■■ E... ■, ^^j-j-- £i^nue^"^;:c'?;;^%?hl^:s:;:;:^nr WILKINSON. Gardeners' Chronicle omce, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. t?()K HAIiE. — d'ardencrs' Chronicle, Vols. I. to JC XII. (uiiloun.l). Also Gnrrfcn, VoIh. X. and XI. (bound), SUTTON'S SUPERB SINGLE PRIMULAS, mixed colourt*. lit. 6rf. per picket, post-free. Mr. J. Ykatman. Gardener to J. Watts, Esq., says :— " I am very much pleased with your superb mixed Pr mula?. The colours are good and the blooms handsome— better than I ever had l>efore." SUTTON'S COLLECTION of PRIMULA SEEDS, containing a small packet of each ofl4 varieties, poitrfree for 21». ^r^ SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON ASD SONS. THK QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READtNQ. Novelty for 1893. ARIEGATED HOP.— Most ornamental and fast-growing climber. See report of the Gardeners' fAronicteof Oct. 8. 1892. Descriptive LIST free on application. FRED. Ea:MER. Sei^ Grower, Quedlinburg, Uermony. TE YOU WANT FRUIT TREES that will X bear regularly, purchase Appl. s work»'d upon our Paradise Stock. We have 6U.0UO to select from, and shall be pleased to show them to visitors. J. B. PEARSON AXD SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. Established 1782. RASPP.EKUY CANES, —Norwich Wonder and Fastolf. 4<. M. per 100, ?,!>s. per 1000. DUTCH BED CURRANT TREK.S (strong, 3-yr. old), 2s. 6d. per dozen, 10s, per 100. Free on Kail. Postal Order with Order. R H HATH, Osborne Farm, Wisbech. OUCIIIDS, — Many rare and choice Cattleyas, Dendrobiumfl, Cypripediums, &c.. always in stock. Inspection invited. Please write for LIST. W. L. LEWIS AHD CO., F.R.U.S., Cha.se Side, Southgate, London, N. V on (\i\(\ PRIZE COB FILIJERT TREES ^V^V/VV/ in full bearing. Apply to— Mr. COOPER. F.R.H.3., WesUrn Elms (late of Calcot Oardens), Reading. ELWAYS' MANUAL NOW READY.— The finest Catalogue and Guide. New for 1893. Seeds. Plants, and Bulbs. Illustrated. 146 pages. Gratis to customers ; Ir. post-free to others. KELWAV AND SON, Langport, Somerset. Seed Fotatos. HAND F. SIl.MU'E have forwarded their • SPECIAL PRICED LIST of SEED I'OTATdS to their Customers and others in the Trade, and will thank those who have not received it to inform them, and u further copy will be l>osted. SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH. MYATT'S PROLIFIC, for Sale.— Grown on high land, and true; 50). per ton up to 2 tons; less for larger (piantity. O. F. YOUNO, Swineshead Abbey, Boston. ORCHIDS, — New and rare species, a special feature. Catalogue forwarded post-free on application. SEEGER AND TROPP. Ltd., Orchid Nursery, East Dulwich, London, 9.E. OSES IN POTd,— Special offer. Several thousand Niphetos and other Roses, established in 12's and l«'s, »t £h and £6 per 100. OUIVER. BROTHERS AND LAW30N. Durant's Nurseries, Ponder'sEnd, Middlesex. GEORGE PIKE, 07, 08, and 00, Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C, is open to receive CHOICE CUT FLOWERS for SALE on COMMISSION, Boxes and Labels supplied on application, aT WILLIAMSON, Nurseryman and • Florist, Smithfiohl Market. Manchester, is open to RECRIVR CONSIGNMENTS of CUT FLOWERS and MAIDKNHAIK FEKN ON COMMISSION. Chei|ue» as desired. M'~ ESSRS. SQUELCH and WOOD, Fruit Salf-smen, North Row. Covent Garden, W.O.. are open to RECBIVE CONSIGNMENTS of GRAPES, TOMA TOS, CUCUMBERS, and all kinds of HOT-HOUSE PRODUCE. Our business connections bf^ing amongst the best houses in Loniion, we are in a position to secure the highest prices for all choice gooULSTKOi)E LOWER GARDENS, situate near Gorrard's Cross, 5 miles from Slough, and 20 miles by excellent road to London, consisting of 12J acres of good Garden Land, walled all round, and well- stocked with choice Fruit Trees; various Glass-houses, with good Furnaces, Vinery, Peach-house, Mush room- bo use, Sec. Extensive plantation of Nut Trees. Excelleut Water-supply. Capital 9-roomed DWELLING-HOUSE. Useful Outbuildings. Also 4-roomed COTTAGE. &c. Maximum Rental (covering Rates. Tithe, &e,), £9.=^ per annum.— Apply to W. C. HERON, Auctioneer and E-^tate Agent, Uxbridge, Middlesex. CHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTINGS.— Madame Desgranges. Lis. per 1000 ; Mrs. Hawkens. 20s. per 1000. Terms cash.— G. LANGE, " Chambery," Hampton, Middlesex. F" OR^SALE.— Eisht^very large KENTIAS and SEAFORTHIAS. Particulars of W. TROUGHTON. Nurseryman, Preston. ^ew Seed of ASPARAGUS PLUMOSUS NANUS, clean well-ripened seed. — H. B. MAY offers the above, price per 07.. or 1000 on application. Dyson'-* I.ane Nurseries, Upper Edmonton. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD AND NTmSEBIES, GARSTON, ^'"« LIVERPOOL, Have this season splendid stocks of the following : GRAPE VINES, For fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. TEA and other ROSES, in pots. ERICAS, AZALEAS, PALMS, FERNS, &c., &o. CATALOGUES, with full particulars, post free on application. Special Quotations to the Trade, EXHIBITION. WOLVERHAMPTON FLORAL FETE. In the Public Park. July 11, 12, and 13, 189.3. For Schedules, &c., apply to the Horticultural Secretary- Corporation Street. 1^' ^- «REEN,. Junr. /CHRYSANTHEMUMS. — DROVER'S Vy BOOK, Illustrated, should be read by every Grower. Post-free, Is. 2d. Catalogues, 3d. — Nurseries, Fareham. HEAP, TO CLEAR.-500 ROSES, in 24's, 45s. per 100. C. LAMB. Gardens, Loughton. UCUMBER SEED, 'Rochford's variety, best for Market or Private Use, beautiful new seed, per 100, 5s. 2d. ; per lOCO, £2 2s. Post-free. A. BENNETT. F.R.H.S., Ashford Vineyard, Cobham, Surrey. A SPARAGUS PLUMOSUS NANUS.— .^^ 50 strong plants in 7-inch pots; also SEEDS for SALE, or EXCHANGE 0RCHID3 or ADIANTUM FARLEVENSE — Apply to N. WORMELOW, Tram lun, R S.O., Herefordshire. H O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. RCEMER, Seed Grower, Quedliiiburg, Germany. c '■pOMATO PLANTS.— Strong and Healthv. X Sutton'sPerfection. true, 8 to 1.' inches. Sample d07eu, 2s., posHree. Special (juotations for larger quantities. GARDENER, Thundersley House, Thundersley, Essex. ^r E I T C H 'S EXONIAN PE A.— V The E5rliest Wrinkled .Marrow in Cultivation. A heavy cropper, and of superior flavour and colour, l.s. Gd. per pint, 2s. t5d. per quart. Of tlie leading Seedsmen, and of ROBERT VEITCH A.VD SON, Exeter. To the Trade. NUTTING AND SONS have now posted their ANNUAL WHOLES ALE CATALOGUE of GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS to all their Customers. If it has not been received, they will be pleased to forward a copy on application. NUTTING ASD SONS. 106, Southwark Street, London, S.E. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Best and Newest.— strong Cuttings, from Is. 6d. per dozen, 10s. per 100; Plauts, :.s. 6(i. per dozen, 115s. per lOO. Many valuable prizes have been tab en by my customers during the last 14 years. CATALOGUE of W. ETHERINGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower. Swanscombe, Kent. Trade Price Current, 1S93. PETER LAWSON and SON, Limited, Edinburgh, have posted to their Customers their CATALOGUE of KITCHEN GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS for the present season, and if any hare been inadvertently omitted, copies will be forwarded on application. BERLIN LILY OF THE~VALLEY for Forcing, quality unsurpassed in the Trade, .35s. per 1000, 4s. per 100. LILIUM AURATUM, direct importation from Japan, 30s. per 100 ; 5s. per dozen. WALSHAW AND SON, Scarborough, To the Seed Trade. HAND F. SHARPE have posted their • GENERAL WHOLESALE LIST to their customers and others, and shall feel obliged if those who have not received it will inform them, and another copy will be sent. SEED GROWING ESTABLISH.MENT, WISBECH. ^ The Best Present for a Gardener. ;riNES AND VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise ou Grapes and their Culture ever published. Third Edition just out. Price fs., post free, 5s. 6d. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. ''POMATO "CHALLENGER" (Collins') — JL Awarded Four First-class Certificates at I.ondon Shows. The best kind for Amateurs and Market Growers. Fruit large, smooth, heavy, bright fcarlet, grandly flavoured, free setting, very prolific. Over 15ro packets sold in 1892. Sealed Packets, only Ij. (Wholesale, Hurst & Son). 6ii pp. Illus- trated Seed LIST gratis.— COLLINS BROS. AND GABRIEL, o9. Waterloo Road. London, S.E. ILLER'S MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest quality, 3s. 6d. per bushel. Mr. W. H. Wabd. Head Gardener. Aston Hall, says, "Your Spawn has proved the best I ever had." PEARL DOUBLE TI'BEROSE, best and dwarfest sort, selected roots, imported direct, 14s. Gd. per 100, 2s. per dozen. F. MILLER and CO., 2B7, Fulham Road. S.W. G" IaNT lily OF THE VALLEY.— Be.st Berlin Crowns for Forcing ; 3000 at 28s. per 1000 ; 1000, 30s. : 100. ?s. 6d. ; English Crowns for Planting, Is. fid. per 100. New Seeds of CAPE SILVER TREE, id. and Is. per packet. PANCRATIUMS. all the best sorts, true to name, from 25s. per 100, £3 per 1000. All other Bulbs and Seeds at Low Rates. Trade Supplied. List Free. JAMES, Importer, New Maiden, Surrey. SPARAGUS, of fine quality— for Forcing, 5-yr. old, splendid roots, 12s. ed. per 100, free on rail ; 6-yr. old, extra fine, 15s. per 100. Cash with order. My Aspa- ragus always makes top price at Covent Garden. Read tlie following unsolicited testimonial :—" Please send me another 200 of 5-yr. old Asparagus Roots. I may say that the last 200 were the best lot of forcing roots I ever bought, and my employer says the quality is excellent.— C. H. PERKINS, The Gardens, Milton Abbey, Blandford." J. J. CLARK, Market Gardener, Goldstone, Brighton. Januaev 14, IS'JS.J THE GAEDENEB8' CHBONICLE. 35 FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Qrow Them, apply to SANDEK'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World.— 30 minutes from St. Pancras. FLOWERING LILY OF THE VALLEY. —Magnificent Samples. 100, 6 marks ; 1000. 60 marks, for Post-office Order. Guaranteed to arrive in a fresh condition. BLUMEKBOERSE, Magdeburg, Germany. tTo¥e^s frTom devonshir e . AV Finest Bush Hybrid Perpetuils. 6s. per doz. (Strong and Finest Bush Teas. 10s. per dozen. ( well rooted. Sellers' selection, strongest plants. Carriage and postage free. Cash with order. ROSE CATALOGUE FREE on application. Buyer's selection at Catalogue prices. CURTIS, SANFORD A.vD CO . Devon Kosery, Torquay. FERNS ! ferns ! !— Trade.— Greenhouse and stove, 2.5 saleable sorts, in 2j-in. pots, 12s. per 100: 10 best market sorta. in 48's, 6s. per doz.; stores, 6s. per lOO. Large Adiantum cuneatum. value in fronds, tr's. and 8s. per dozen. Cyperus, Araliaa, Solanums, and GreviUeas. in 4S's, good value, 6s. per dozen. Palms. Ficus, Erica hyemalis. Cyclamen, and Dracaenas, in 48's, Is. each. P. tremula and A. cuneatum, for making large plants quickly, 16s. and20s. per 100, •well packed, put on rail free for cash with order.- J. SMITH, London Peru Nurseries. Loughboro' .Junction. London. S.W. Walls of Fem.-The best Way to make them. BARE and UNSIGHTLY WALLS in Green- bouK( ; OX IAS A SPECIALTY. — Awarded 1^ iM.iir Ool.i M«.luln. Gold Cup. and only Gold Medals fur HrKuiiiaH lit the Internntioniil Horticultural Sxhibition. Seed siived from Pri/o Planta. Choicest mixed, single or double varieties. \s,,-2s. Gt/., and 6s. per packet. Collfctions (Seed), ftinsle, twelve named varieties, separate, 55. tJt/. ; six ditto, 3s. Tubers, named singles, from 18s. to A2s. i)er dozen. Choicest Seedlings, Is, to 21s. per dozen ; bedding. rhoireBt. 4x., 6«.. 6s., and ^s. per dozen; clioicest name doubles, from 24s. per doron ; choireBt Heedliaga. 12s. to 30s. per dozen ; choicest mixpd, for bedding, 9». and l^s. per dozen. Catalogues gratis. .lOHN LAINO AND SONS, Hegonia Grow«*rH.&r.. Forest Hill. SHARPE'S PLENTIFUL TOMATO, run 11 EST TOMATO or tiik dav. SHAKPE'S PLENTIFUL TOMATO awurde.l Oolil Modiil and Ten First Prices. .SHAKPE'S PLENTIFUL TOMATO m.iy be obtained of nil leading Seednmin, and fn.ni JOHN SHARPE & SON, liAnPNEY AM) 'I'nWN llAI.I. CllAMUurw. UlOAMNO, (Mr. ,T. H. MII.LARD, Manager). TO WHOLESALE SE^D BUYERS^ SWV, I'O prr Cent, by J5uyinj^ your f-'i'cfls direil tnni the Grower. Selected StM-k» of the Lest r|iiality, ond good (iainplet*. Send for Trade LI&T. Compare Price?. E.sTABLlsnrD 100 ykam. JOHN K, KINO, Seed Grower, COOGESHALL, ESSEX. LAllQE CAMELLIAS coming into blooni. — A quantity of very fine plants in pots and tnbs. will be sold at half the usual prices on account of room being wanted. May be seen at any time, or particulars by post, from WM. PAl'L ASP SONS. Waltham Cross. H.Tts. RAPE VJNES.— Hard and Short-jointed Fruiting Canes, ^'icto^ia PLUMS, tine Standards, and rough cheap Trees; CHERRIES. PEARS, MEDLARS, DAMSONS, PE.1.CHE3, NUTS. &c. First Quality, and mode- rate Price, Wholesale and Retail. WILL TAYLER. Nurseries, Hampton, Middlesex. ARirS SEEDS, BULr-S, and PLANTS. VEGETABLE SEEDS.— The best sorts only. Much valu- able information. Catalogue free on application. FLOWER SEEDS.— Upwards of 2000 species and varieties, all decorative kinds. Catalogue free on application. BULBS.— Gladioli, Lilies, Anemones, Ranunculus, Hyacinthus candicans, Tigridias, &c., for Spring Planting. LIST3 ox APPLICATION. PLANTS.— Michaelmas Daisies, Perennial Sunflowers, Double and Single Pa^onies, Irises. Oriental Hellebores, Carna- tions, &C. LISTS FREE ON APPLICATION. BARK AND SON. 12, King Street, Covent Garden, London. FREE-BLOOMING GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS. Raised by us, and have received three F.rst class Certill.-ates of Merit. We have now in one greenhouse, plants with over 20,000 bloom-buds. An inspection invited. A Descriptive Priced LIST to any address, post-free. I. DAVIES & SON, BROOK LANE NURSERY, ORMSKIRK. H. CANNELL & SONS' 15,000-DAHLIA ROOTS H5,000. Dur Stock of all planted-out Ground Roots, double the size of the ordinary pot tubers. Mo.st complete collection in the world. 500 varieti<'3. We should be glad to quote prices and full particulars. SWANLEY, KENT. By Koyal Appointment Nurserynieu & Seed: to H.AI. the Queen, and His Kiiyal Highness the I'rince of Wales. nent (p 0~} iOO Acres. GARDEN SEEDS CARKIAGE PAID. CATALOGUES FREE. littleIballantyne CARLISLE. NOTHING is too small. NOTHING is too much trouble. TiiE Trade Supplied. E. D. SHUTTLEWORTH # CO., Ltd., {Albert Nurseries) PECKHAM RYE, LONDON, 8E, and FLEET, HANTS. HARDILY -CROWN FRUIT TREES D TRUE TO NAME: LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM, Including all the most Popular and Prodtablo Kinds in Cultivation. Descplptlvo Priced List Free on application. ICKSONSNur?e?.e«,CHESTER 3G THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 14, 1893. MENDER'S PRIZE PETUNIAS. The (iiu'bt in tlie world. S;ived from our beat striped and mottled flowers. Is. and is. per packet. H E NUER AKl) SONS, Plymouth. "chrysanthemums" Our stock of both Plants and Cuttings is the largest and finest ever seen in this country. C. E. SHEA, Fscj.. a great prize-taker. 8ays :— " My ex- perience of yaut system U that it is far and away the best." /y)ur CATALOGUE, sent post-free, will be found the most complete an i lest illustrated erer issued. H. CANNEIiL & SONS, Swanley. For PLEASURE and PROFIT. Nothing so Profitable and Easy to Grow. 74 ACRES IN STOCK. See CATALOGUE for Simple Instructions, and kinds of Trees '- -lit all Soils. Hundreds of Thousands. FRUIT. ROSES. BUSHES, Packing and Carriage Free 8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100. for Cash with. Order. BOSES in Pots, from 15s. per dozen. ORNAMENTAL TREES, 91 ACHES. 4 ACHES of GLASS. CLEMATIS (80,000), from 15s. per dozen. N.B.— Single Plants are sold at slightly increased prices. SEEDS ABULBSr^^'lnfr^AK^r^' DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, FREE. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. PUNTIW6 SEASON. IIAKDIL.Y-OROWN FORE3ST, X*RUITj * *LL OTHSII TREES & PLANTS, EVERGREENS, ROSES, &c. NURSERIES 400 ACRES; TIBT BXTKHBIYR BTOOK. Inipaotlen InTlMf PHaed Catalogues Opatit & Post Fpea. L^IGKoONS XCRSKRIES (LOniBD) CSHESSTEiR" NEW ARCHANGEL MATS.— 9 feet by 4 feet B inches. lOi. for 10 ; 90s. per lOO. WM. DARLINGTON. Askew Street, South Hackney. London. " TT-ILLMRIQHT," J-V For Destruction of all Insect Pests and Mildew. q^HE STOTT DISTRIBUTOR CO. (Lmtd.), I_ Enrtou House, Mancheater. ORTICULTURAL SHADINGS, NETTINGS, TIFFANY, WADDINGS, COTTON WOOL for Packing Flowers, CANVAS, TWINES, &c., supplied wholesale by JOSEPH COOKSON, 21, New Cannon Street, Manchester. -\l\f\ GARDEN LIGHTS (n«w), siz^ -1-V/V/ 0 by 4 feet framework. 3 by 2 inches thick, with iron bar across and painted. 3s. 9i/. cich. If glazed, 7s. 9rf. eacli. AI»o SPAN-ROOF GREENHOUSE (New). .50 by 10 feet, 1n fit on Br:ckwork, including 21 oz. glass and all com- plete. £17. D. HORROOKS. Tyldesley. near Manchester. ARCHANGEL NIATSARCHANCEL MATS The liU.SSIAN MAT IMPORTERS CO. are A'ow ,Se!lni,j for Cash with Order— NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL CARGO MATS, at lolls, per loo, or 10s. IV/. per bundle Of 10. NEW ST. PETERSBURG CARGO MATS, at 50s. per 100. or .DS. 6rf. per bundle of 10. (.Special Quotations for La-ije Quantities.) 40, GREAT TOWER ST., LONDON, E.C. EDELRBniBOUR OF WINNITZfl. LARGEST WINTER APPLE IN THE WORLD! A prnfusely Illustrated Price List, referring to over 400 of our newest Fruit Trees and Shrubs, Post Free on application. On receipt, of 5d. in stamps, we forward beautiful Coloured Prints of the Real Oil-rose of Kasanllk and Schiras, and our new remountant red Colorado-Robinia. We are growing on more than 100 acres over 8,000 kinds of Shrubs, Fiuit, and other Trees. NATIONAL-ABORETUM ZOESCHEN, Near MERSEBURG, GERMANY. HEiNEMANN'S TESTED ERFURT SEEDS. JlEFOIiE YOU ORDER YOUR SEEDS, nrite for HEINEMANN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF NEW and SELF-GROWN SEEDS, ENGLISH EDITION, wliicli is NOW READY, Includea all tho FINEST NOVELTIES of the Season, and may be had post free on applieatiou {Id. poat-cardj. Please quote Gardeners' Chronicle. F. C. HEINEMANN'S is the Oldest and Largest Seed House of Erfurt that aupplieg private Gardeners and Amateurs only. More than 60,000 parcels are sent yearly to all parts of the World. HEIXEMAIVN'S S K E D S ARK OFFERED AT MUCH LOWER PRICES than at any Eoglish or Continental Seed House of good repute, and warranted to be self-grown, genuine, and fresh only. It Is an establlelied fact that the groater part of all Seeds sold in England or America Is grown in Germany, especially In and near Erfurt, the Gardening Town of Germany, In ordering from HEINEMANN'S CATALOGUE, his Seed Stores are placed at the very door of cnMtomers thousands of miles away, who can obtain their sup- _ „„„ plies as safely and cheaply as if they called in person lA IIYBRIDA CRASSIFOLIA ERECTA at hi, ertabu/hment. til White-B-MPEBOR FKEDERICK). HEIKEMANN'S SEEDS vvill arrive in Great Britain in a day or two after receipt of order, and are (Dark Violet, margined with white). offered and sent Package and Postage Fri:e. Per Packet, 6d. each.. Direct Correspondence. No Agents. GLOXIN (Briglit Red, margined F. C. HEINEMANN, seed grower, By Special Royal Warrant Seedsman to H.M. the King of Prussia and Emperor of Germiny. ERFURT, GERMANY. THE COHACER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS Post-free 3id. ; S5 Copies, 6s. ; 80, 10s. ; and 100, 20s. Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hxmdred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. GABDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.O. jAKrAET 14, 1803 THE GABDE NEBS' CHRONICLE 37 NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS. OIVLW'S Special Illustrated and Descriptive LIST of latest CERTIFICATED Novelties for 1893, now ready, Post-free. JAPANESE.— Robert Owen, Viscountess Hanibleden, Mrs. Bruce Findlay, Middleton Clarke, Thomas Hewitt, W. H. Lincola Improved, Mrs. A. Jacobs, General Hawkes, Lady Brooke, Mrs. C. Myers, and Vesuvius. INCURVED.— Baron Hirsch, Henry Perkins, Lucy Kendall, Mrs. Mitchell, Brookleigh Gem, and George Cockburn. OIWEKS BOOKED JSD EXECUTED AV liOTATIOX EARLl MAECH. R. OWEN, Floral Nursery, MAIDENHEAD- VANDA CCERULEA. A magnificent importation just received in splendid condition, and collector writes : — " I have never seen such a sight of this beautiful Vanda before. Every plant was in flower, and the colours grand — of the deepest indigo-blue, and the flowers very large. You cannot say a word too much of the colour and size of flowers. Every plant is the same.'' INSPECTION RESPECTFULLY INVITED. HUGH LOW & CO., Clapton Nursery, London, N.E. NOW READY. HARPE'S ILLUSTRATED 1893. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE IVist-frce on application to CHARLES SHARPS & CO., SEED FARMERS AND MERCHANTS, SLEAFORD. wmmmm L01IEN/;S CELEBRATED SEEDS Are supplied I'ost l-ree, to any part of the United Kingdom, And arrive within 8 days aftiT receipt of Order The ENGLISH EDITION of LORENZS ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE / NOW READY, nml ,r,:i U .Sent Poilfrcc on Jpphr„U,m. l'o,-.l.iKf UiT I.cltsrs to Qcrmany, 2J Empress ot G.-r- mnny, H.M. the King of Saxony, H.M. the King of Bavaria. H.M. the King of tlie Netherlands, H.M. the King ut Rou- mania, H.M. the Kin^'ot Servia, H.R.H. the Grand Duke of }[esse, H.H. the Duke of Anhult. 100-103, JOHN STREET, ERFURT, GERMANY. I'lir I)i-3oriptions and Full I'articular.s, sea LOBENZ'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, which is sent, post-free, on application. ^^^^^^m^g^:^i^_:^ theIMPROVED GARDEN GULLY (VINCE'S PATENT). This useful invention 19 a great improvement on the ordi- nary Garden Grating, and is especially suitable for hilly walks and drives. As they never get stopped by rubbish or sand . they effectually prevent the washing away of the gravel in heavy storms, and they save balf the labour iu cleaning out the cesspools. The prices are t — 6-in., Is. 6^. ; 8-in..2s. ; 10-in..3s. ; 13-in.. 6s. 6e/. In-in.. 8». (The larger sizes are very strong for carriage drives,) Full Particulars and Testimonials on application. VINCE & VINE, 58, Chester Road, Upper Holloway, London, N HILL & SMITH, BBIERLEY HILL, ST AFFORDSH I RE, And 118. QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON. B.C. NEW PATTERN TREE GUARD, ^^The Porcupine." The maximum of utility and the minimum o{ cost. Constructed of Strong Iron Pp- ^hts and Galvanised Barbed Steel Price lOfl. 6d. TESTIMONIAL. The Whittern. Herefordthire, " Dec. as. 1887. DKiR Sirs.— I have now had an opportunity of trying your I'oKcupiNK Tree QUAKDS, and they Deem Huite to answer my pur- pone, HO yon may send ma fid more as before. I en- close cheque for your Yours truly, BICHD. GREEN. Messrs. Hill & Smith. HEATING APPARATUS WROUGHT -IRON ASHES or OFFAL BARROW, Garden Barrow & Cinder Sllter combined. Casu PlUCK. Tainted 30/- - ^., t. ^'"''y galvanised ... extra 7/S ^■>?¥~£ V " ""'''' "■'"' 'I'Ki^'fred Portable Sanitary Dust- Elns and Swing Barrows. IlluMlrntwl CATALOaUE, i)<».t-ffee en iipv'^ot'O"- 38 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 14, 1893, PRESIDENT MELON. 2s. 6d. per packet, post-free. The result of a cross between Hero of Lockinge an.i HeiiJre S.edliiif;. The fruit, nliii li ia oval in shape an.i SWEBB&SONSMDStEV^StOURBRIDCEl ^n i\C\(\ EUONYMUS, Green and Golden, »JV<)VV/U all splendid bushy plaots.— GREEN: 9in.to 13 in., at 25s. per 100; 12 in. to 15 in., at 36s. per 100; 15 in. to 18 in., at 50s. per 100; 18 in. to 21 in., at 70s. per 100; 21 in. to 24 in., at 95s. per 100 ; 30 to 40 in. at special prices. GOLDEN : 5 in. to 12 in., at 4s. to 9s. per doz. Cash with Order. .1. J. CLARK. Goldstone. Brighton. THOMSOJTS, SEEDS. FLOWER SEEDS — BEGONIA, Thomson's Superb Single and Double.— Saved, from selected plants of a very choice collection. Per Packet, Is. and 2s. 6d. CALCEOLARIA, Thomson's Dalkeith Park.— A well- kiuuMi ;md popular strain; saved from plants of dwarf .Tii.l c.jnip;ict habit. Per Packet. 2s, 6rf. CINERARIA, Thomson's Superb Mixed.— A very care- fully selected stock. Per Packet, Is. and 2s. 6i. CELOSIA Pyramldalis, Thomson's. -Best strain in cul- tivation ; still unrivalled. Per Packet, Is. and 2s. lid. PANSY, Thomson's Choice Mixed. — Saved from the Idlest named sorts. Per Packet, Is. POLYANTHUS, Thomson's Superb Hybrid.— Saved from the choicest varieties. Per Packet, Is. STOCK, East Lothian (Scarltt, Purple, White, Crimson, and White Wallleavcd).— Saved from 2-year old plants, specially selected. Per Packet, Is., 2s. 6ii., and 5s. VEGETABLE SEEDS— BEET, Thomson's Superb Red.— Unsurpassed for garden and decorative purposes. Per o/. . Is. 6d. BROCCOLI, Thomson's Self-protecting, — One of the hardiest Bruccolis i;rown. Per I'a.'ket, Is. (,d. BROCCOLI, Snow's Winter White. — -in eilm selc. ( sln.-k. Per Pacl(,.|. Is. lid. CARROT, Thomson's New Improved Horn.— Superior to tlie Horn Carrots uow in cultivation. Per oz , Sd. LEEK, Musselburgh. — True stock ; Scotch saved. Per 07, . 2s, tii. PARSLEY, Thomson's Superb Curled.— Dwarf and com- pact; beautifully curled. Peroz.,ls. TOMATO, Thomson's Excelsior.— Undoubtedly one of the best for general use ; smooth-skinned, and of fine flivour. Per Packet, Is. 6rf. CATALOGUE of SELECT GARDEN SEEDS for ipplication. All goods carriage piid. arded < DAVID W. THOMSON (SEED MERC'IIANTl. 24, FREDERICK ST., EDINBURGH. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS. NORMAN DAVIS Begs to intimate that he has among the New Chrysanthemums of the present season, several of exceptionally fine quality, including the two magnificent New Crimson Japanese — WILLIAM SEWARD & J. SHRIMPTON, the finest introductions of recent years, and which will be distributed by him during the coming spring. CATALOGUE ON APPLICATION. CHBTSANTHEMUM NT7RSEBIES, LILFORD ROAD, CAMBERWELL. LONDON, S.E. LEICESTER SEEDS. Being extensive Seed Growers, and certainly the leading provincial house for PEAS, having allthe principal sorts in carefully-selected Stocks, we are able to supply these superior goods as low as any Provincial or London firm, especially to those who recjuire such for Market Purposes, viz., PEAS, BEANS, CARROTS, RADISHES, ONIONS, CABIJAGES, BEET, SAVOYS, PAHSNIPS, &c. It is an oft-repeated fact that HARRISONS' LEICESTER SEEDS produce the best crops and make the hi'.-'t price.s in the markets. Refer- ences given, if reijuired, to both Orowers and Salesmen in the largest Markets. ' CATALOGUES FREE. Apply to— HARRISON & SONS, Seed Growers and Merchants, LEICESTER. FRUIT TREES A SPECIALTY. APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, and all kinds of Hardy Fruit Trees. The liest varieties for Garden or Market, new and rare sort.s not obtainable elsewhere. STRAWBERRIES, GOOSEBERRIES. CURRANTS, and all kinds of Small Pruits. All the best of the new and old and most profitable varieties. Short Priced CATALOGUE free. Full Descriptive CATA- LOGUE and GUIDE, the most complete issued, (,d. JOHN WATKINS Pomona Farm Nuk-skkiks, VPITHINg'toN. HEREFORD. SELECT VEGETABLES, CHOICE FLOWERS. PICKED SEED POTATOS. Garden Tools, Sundries, dc, do. Delivered Free by Rail or Parcei Post. Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue No. 419 DICKSONS fJnnwBPs C>ii ESTER. VEITCH'S CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS OF PROVED EXCELLENCE. STREPTOCARPUS, VEITCH'S NEW HYBRIDS. Beautiful Greenhouse Plants, remarkable for their abund- ance of bloom, which ia rich, striking, and in varied colours. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. BEGONIA, VEITCH'S CHOICESTHYBRID Saved from the very finest and newest hybrids, and i» undoubtedly the best strain yet offered. Per Packet, Is. 6d. CYCLAMEN PERSICUMGRANDIFLORUM A very large and greatly improved variety. Awarded First-ciass Certilicate by the Royal Hort. Soc. Per Packet, 28. 6d. VEITCH'S SEED CATALOGUE for 1893 For full description! of the above and inany other Choice Novelties and Specialties see SEED CATALOGUE for im^, forwarded Gratis and Post Free on ap2>lication. JAMES VEITCH& SONS ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. THE MOST POPULAR CELERIES harrTsons' EARLY ROSE 1 LEICESTER RED }^d. aud Is. packeLa, post-free. PENGELLY WHITE } Trade prices I'.s. and 6s. per dozen respectively. Stamps received for small remittances. Our General CATALOGUE of famous LEICESTER SEEDS, which are highly prized for Exhibition ^nd Market Garden purposes, post free on application. Send for a copy to HARRISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS and MERCHANTS, LEICESTER. IMPORTANT NOTICE To the Trade. WHKS YOl' A8E I.V LONDON, IT WILL EE WELL WORTH TOUR TIME TO PAY A VISIT TO Albert Nurseries, Peciham Rye, S.E. ; or Fleet, Hants. You can make your note.s, and have a business look round combined with an outing; you will NOT be worried to give an order. E. D. SHUTILEWORTH & CO., Ltd. FRUIT TREES. ROSES and VINES OF UNSURPASSED QUALITY. INSPECTION INVITED. HUGH LOW & CO., The Nur.series, BUSH HILL PARK, N. Jandaey 14, 1893.J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 39 1893 DEVERILL'S 1893 FAMOUS MedalB. ] PEDIGREE [certificate s. AND OTHER STOCKS OF ONIONS now READY. Sew Seed Harvested in Oxfordshire in 1892. May be had direct from Banbury, or from the following Seed Establish- nts: GEXUINE ONL Vin nEVERlLLS SEALED PACKETS. VERY SPECIAL EXHIBITION STOCKS. DEVERILLS— AILSA CRAIG, Per Packet (200 Seeds), 2S. 6d. DEVERILLS— COCOA-NTJT, Per Packet (200 Seeds), 2s. 6d. DEVERILL'S— ANGLO-SPANISH, Per Packet (300 Seeds), 23, 6d. DEVERILLS— ADVANCER, Per P.ackct (.300 Seed-), 23. 6d. DEVERILL'S- LORD KEEPER, Per Packet (300 Seed»), 28. 6d. Abmitage Bros., Xottingham. Backhouse & Sox, Vork. Cautlon-REJECT aU OTHERS COOLISO & Sox, Bath. CLIBRiS & Sox, Manchester. Cooper, Tabeb, & Co.. London. Croll, D. & \V., Dundee. i Cross S: Soxs, Glapgow. DiCKSOX, Erowx, & Tait, ilanchester DiCKSOX & EOBIXfOX.i Manchester. DlCKSOX & Co., Edinburgh. DiCKSOX & TURSBULL Perth. DiCKSoxs, Lirad., Chester. DOWSIE. Joux, E< inburiih. ErMUNPS. JOHX. I Westerham. Fell fc Co., H>iham. Fif HER, Sox & SlBRAY. NearSh.siiiRE Seek Establishment, BANBURY. SUTTON'S PEAS: The Best for Exhibition. EXHIBITOR'S COLLECTION, Vomiating of Seven most suitable varieties, One Packet of each, Price 10/6, post - free. " Sutton's Exhibition Mabbowfat is a wrin- kled Pea, and the grandest variety I ever grew, either for table or exhibition. It grows about 4 feet high, is exceedingly prolific, and the pods contain from eight to twelve Peas of the best flavour and colour.— A. C. Gbant."— Gart/o-niHi; World, September 24, 16'.I2. '■ Your Peefection Pea took First Prize at our Sliow in a large class. It will be difficult to improve on this variety."— J. A. IIohnh, Esq., Periton Court, SUtton^Seeds GENUINE ONLY FROMSUIT NOVELTIES .\ N I) SPECIALTIEIS VEGETABLE SEEDS For 1893. Williams' Giant Long Pod Beans ... per qnart 2 WiUlams' Early ProUflc Kidney Beans „ 2 WilUama' Giant Scarlet Runners . Williams' Superb Crimson Beet . Williams' Alexandra Broccoli Earloy'a Hardy Curled Sprout William's Defiance Carrot WUliams' Matchless Red Celery ...p Williams' Matchless White Celery ,, 1 Williams' Magnum Bouum Culon 1 Williams' HoUoway Victory Pea (New) per iiinl 2 Williams' Golden Queen Tomato ...per packet \ Glenhurst Favourite Tomato (New) „ 1 . per ounce 1 . per packet 1 r pac!.nts have been very brilliant this autumn ; and they fli^gr better and last much longer in bloom in a tempert,re of about U)° by night and iVP by day. The besLgfigfigg ^^^ liockii, elegans, Hogarth flore- pleno. Prudent Garfleld, President Cleveland, The Bride, ancjir,. R. Green. Cliveia miniata should now be placed in a warm-house. If the plants were well grown daring the past summer in 6 or S-inch pots, and in a good compost of loam, leaf-mould, and sand, with a liberal supply of manure, and allowed to get pot-bound, they will flower abundantly. The soil in which Poinsettias are growing should be gradually allowed to become dry, laying the pots on their sides till cuttings are taken. Urceolinapendula should be pushed on in a little heat ; its bright yellow flowers are very pleasing. Also introduce some of the earliest of the Amaryllis. Where there are numerous glass-houses, the past week, with the thermometer several times at zero, was an anxious time. A stock of iron and rubber rings and bolts, such as are supplied by some hot-water engineers, should be kept ready. Should a break occur, with these appliances a repair can be made in a very short time. THE FLOWER GARDEN. By T. H. CRiSP. Gardener. Canfnrd Mtinor, Wimiorne. THE PLANTING AND RE-PLANTING OF TREES, ETC. — A general thaw having set in, in the south, contemplated alterations or improvements in the garden that were in progress prior to the frost, should be pushed on. The removal or transplantation of shrubs and trees may be done with equally favourable results as in the autumn, provided care be taken not to remove too much soil from the roots, and also in having at hand a good supply of rich soil in which to plant, such soil being added plentifully, to allow for subsidence. After planting, alfard a thorough water- ing, and continue this at intervals ( in the case of large trees) throughout the spring and summer. For smaller shrubs one thorough drenching will generally suffice. All newly-planted trees and shrubs of more than ordinary size should be secured from waving by the wind by means of wire atays attached to stakes firmly driven into the ground, the tree having first affixed to it a leathern collar, or band of strong sacking, so as to prevent the bark being damaged where the stays are secured. With care, and pro- viding the necessary appliances are at hand, large specimens, froA .'3" to .")0 feet high, may be removed with success, even more so than in the case of smaller trees, examples of which may be seen here at the present time in such fine specimens as Thuya gigantea, M feet high by '_'S feet in diameter; Abies nobilis, Taxodinra sempervirens, and similar species, .30 feet in height, all of which are growing, and looking none the worse for their removal three years ago. All shruba that have not aa yet been thinned ahould be taken in hand without delay, and if the weather permit lightly fork over the soil under them in order to bury decayed leaves and other mattw. A certain amount of care should be exercised by those engaged in freshening the soil of old shrubberies where the surface has become full of roots. The best method consists of raking off the leaves and rubbisli, and mulching with leaf-mould, burnt earth, or de- cayed garden rubbish. It is a mistake to take away the fallen leaves year by year, and never to replace them with other nutritive materials. THE BULB GARDEN —Bulbs that were not planted in the autumn should be got in so aoon aa the frost is quite out of the ground, otherwise the effects of late planting will manifest itself in weak blooms, and this remark ia no lesa applicable to Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, &c., which are planted in beds. The planting of Kanunculus and Anemone corras may be deferred for a week or so. Lilies may be planted at any time within the next four weeks, provided they are placed at a sufficient depth to exclude injury by frost. It is also a capital plan to put them up into small pots, and place in a cold frame, in cocoa- nut fibre or coal ashes, taking the precaution of covering the frame at night, planting them out when the weather is suitable. During the recent sharp weather doubtless a goodly supply of small stakes have been made and tied up in bundles, preparatory to their use for the Hyacinths and various other bulbs, as they come into bloom, as nothing is more detrimental to the effect of a flower garden in the spring than to see the Hyacinth flower-spikes being blown about, and covered with dirt, utterly marring their otherwise charming effect. Plenty of work may still be found in wet and frosty weather, in over- hauling and re-sharpening and sizing plant stakes, and making labels and pegs. FRUITS UNDER GLASS. THE PINERY : SUCKERS.— There will be little doing in this department before the middle of February. Supposing that the suckers were potted deeply in their pots in September, October, and the early part of November, they ahould not yet have encouragement to grow, but be rested in a tempera- ture ranging from 55° to 5S° by night, with air given by day if the temperature rise to ('>5°, but not raising the day temperature so high as this when the weather is dull. The bottom-heat will be high enough at 75° for the present. SUCCESSIONS. — Only very early potted suckers will stand in need of repotting at this date, and only those which have well filled their pots with roots. In fact, no Pine-plant should be shifted before its roots have filled the soil and begun to run round the sides of the pot ; on the other hand, when repotting is required, it should be done without delay — therefore it will be seen that there can be no fixed dates for repotting given. The bottom-heat may still remain at 85", with top-heat by day, when dull, of 10° lower ; but when the sun shines, the house may, when 85° is reached, be aftorded an amount of ventilation which will keep it at that height. Never shift a plant unless it have one week previously received sufficient water to thoroughly moisten the soil. Queen Pines standing in 32's or S-inch pots should not be put into larger pots than li!-inch, if they are to fruit in eighteen months from the sucker stage ; plants in G-inch pots being accommodated in 11-inch ones. It is not the biggest pots that are productive of the finest fruits, careful feeding in small pots accomplishing as much or more. More will be said about shifting the majority of the successions at the proper time. Growth is or should be slow at this season, or much drawing of the leaves will take place, and aa a means of counteracting this evil beyond the lower temperature recommended, there must be no more aerial moisture dispensed than ia aufficient to maintain the plants in health, FRUITERS. — These, if (Jueens, may be started at this time to supply summer fruits, and where the bottom-heat is derived from Oak and Beech leaves, or tan, the bed must be freshened up by the addi- tion of fresh, warmed material, taking out, in the case of leaves, some of the more decayed portions, and of tan, sifting out in a half-inch meshed sieve a large portion of the finer particles. The new must be well incorporated with tlie old materials, and care should be taken not to add ao much aa wiil cause a great access of heat — S5° to '.10^ will be sufficiently high. Where hotwater-pipes supply the bottom-heat, the matter is entirely under the gar- dener's control. Select the most likely plants for starting, those which have the thickest neck and the largest number of sliort pointed leaves. In getting these plants ready for plunging, strip off a few, three or four of the lowest leaves ; afford a top- dressing of rich loamy aoil, and take great care to press it well about the neck of the plant, but do not use a rammer about that part, or injury to the plant may ensui'. Do not tie up the leaves, as these are easily injured. When plunged, which may not be at first to their full depth, water them with water .SO'^' and guano, and maintain a day temperature to the end of the month of 70° without and S0° with sun-heat ; and 05° at night except in very frosty weather, when 2° or 3° less will be less harmful than excessive fire- heat. The paths and walls should be sprinkled twice or thrice daily, but no water should be put in the troughs over the hot-water pipes. VINES. — A vinery of Sweetwater and Hamburgh Grapes may be started about this date for supplying fruit in early June. Also Muscat of Alexandria and Black Alicante if these be wanted in a ripe condition in the middle of .luly. Supposing that the borders have been redressed with rich loam, bone-meal, &c., and if they are outside as well aa inside, the former have been protected by means of dry litter and shutters, tarpaulin, or the like, the canes should be taken down and their ends allowed to hang on a level with the wall-plate of the vinery. A heap of sweetened stable-duiig and leaves may then be put into the house and turned at intervals, and alio receive adiiitional materials if its heat should soon decline. Where the old-fashioned brick-pit remains in a vinery, the fermenting materials may be turned into it, and the bed utilised for propa- gating purposes. Syringe the canes twice, or oftener, daily, but see that they are dry by nightfall ; and let the temperature at the commencement range from 40° to 45° by night, and from 6" to 10° higher by day, and increase by 1° weekly, night and day, till the flowering time, when it may be 05° for Sweetwater and Black Hamburgh varieties, and 70° for Alicante and Muscat of Alexandria at night, descending after flowering 5° in these two classes of Grapea. 46 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januabt 14, 1893. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Letters for Publication.— ^iii eommunicatiom intended for publication, as well at tpeciment and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor, 41, Welling- ton Street, Covent Garden. London. Communica- twn$ should be written on one side only of the PAPER, tent at early in the week at pottible, and duly tigned by the writer. If desired, the signature will not bt printed, but kept as a guarantee of good faith, Alvertlsements should be sent to the FUBLISHBR. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETINGS. ! Royal Horticultural Society's Com- mittees, at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster. Horticultural Club. General Meetini; of the Gardeners' Koyal Benevolent Association, at Simpson's Hotel. Strand, W.C. National Rose Society. SALES. T.v i« i Plants and Bulbs, at Protheroe & WEDNESDAY, Jax. 18 } Morris' Rooms. £ Liliums, auratum : .J Japan. ] THtJKSDAY, FRIDAY, ( at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Jak 19 ' I*""''' Ferns, and Plants at Protho- \ roe & Morris' Rooms. ( Orchids from F. Sander & Co., St. Jax. 20 ) Albans. COERECrED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTi-THREE YEARS. AT CHISWICK.— 37°. The proposed increase in the Railway Rates, charges for conveyance of goods by rail has not unnaturally caused great commotion among all classes of traders. It is the outcome of an attempt to introduce order and uniform procedure into what was previously a mass of chaotic inconsistency. A Commis- sion, consisting of Lord Balfour of Bur- leigh and Sir Courtenay Boyle, was authorised to revise the classification of goods carried by railways, to fix maximum charges, and to report to Parliament. A joint committee of both Houses was then ap- pointed to discuss the matter, and to hear the evidence of the railway companies and of the traders. The action of the companies followed upon this committee. At present all that seems clear is that the companies have power to charge " maximum " prices, and producers and traders do not exactly know what these maximum prices may be. Some of these points may be cleared up at the meeting of the Mansion House Asso- ciation to be held on the 30th inst. under the presidency of Sir James Whitehead. Supposing the maximum tariff to be insisted on in all cases, the result, so far as we can see is that some industries in which we are con- cerned must be well nigh annihilated, and that some ventures of great promise, such as fruit culture, and the culture of flowers for market, must be nipped in the bud. In some cases, water- carriage will be available, and the fruit-growers of Mid-Kent will doubtless avail themselves of the old-fashioned " hoy," such as their fathers depended on, obviating the delays and uncer- tainties of such a mode of conveyance by resorting to the employment of steam-tugs. From a Kentish paper we take the following figures, which, even if not strictly accurate, suffi- ciently show the tendency against which the agriculturists and horticulturists of the country will have to fight. The carriage of coal is raised, according to the figures before us, from 5.s. llrf. per ton, to &. Zd. ; cement, 6s. 8rf. per ton, to 12s. Qd. ; timber, Os. Id. per ton, to 12s. Gd. ; bricks, .5s. id. per ton, to 8s. 9i. ; manure, 5s. lid. per ton, to 8s. 7d. Supposing these figures to be a remote approximation only to the truth, it is obvious that they will out in to the margin of profit so severely that nothing will be left. Perhaps the railway companies, perceiving this, will prove suf- ficiently shrewd to avoid the suicidal process of killing the golden goose. We await further information, but in the meantime it is our duty to call the attention of our readers to the most serious danger affecting horticultural enterprise that has arisen in our recollection, and to urge upon them the neces- sity of united action. We suppose it is useless to expect the Royal Horticultural Society to move in such a matter, but possibly the Nursery and Seed Trade Association will resume its action on the subject. That body is much weaker, numeri- cally and financially, than it should be. The immi- nence of the danger may, however, induce more of those concerned in commercial enterprises to join the Association and make its influence felt. In the meantime we append a letter of Mr. George Monro, of Covent Garden, pubjished originally in the Daily Telegraph :— There ia one trade that suffers more than any other, and this when trade is exceptionally bad and prices scarcely tufScient to pay the grower. I will give two instances of this : — We have a great many castomeri from seaside and proTincial towns who attend our market, and have found it answered their purposed to buy home-grown as well as foreign fruits here, instead of depending only on local supplies. One firm has worked up a large trade, and had a rate on most goods of lis. 8d. per ton. Now the carriage on the same goods is raised as follows :^ Onions . . . . i5s.lld. Oranges, Lemons, Nuts . Ids. 3d. Apples , . . . 2-'s. 7d, Tomatos .... 283. 2d. I wish particularly in this case to draw attention to the unfairness of raising the coat of carriage of home-grown produce represented by the two latter items aa compared with the foreign. Thia is a grosa injustice, especially aince.'aa ia often the caae, theae goods come the aame diatance to the market. The increaae on Tomatoa will be 33i. per ton, which meana ruin to a growing'baaineaa. The other inatance relatea to Brighton, where the rate for moat gooda waa 11*. 3d. per ton, and ia now 20s. lOd. Under the new rate, a box of Orangea coata 2s. M., while it uaed to be taken by carrier for Is. before the railway exiated. Theae facta are driving our growera to combine in atarting linea of carriera by road, aa they can get plenty of gooda to load back with, grocera and other tradeamen being all willing to aupport them. Our trade haa been a growing one, and profitable to the railwaja ; but where we have to depend on them for tranait, trade will be atopped, and in the end the railways will themaelvei auffer in consequence. Covent Garden, January 10. Geo. Monro. A striking illustration of the ^Reriew."''^ growing popularity of Orchids is evidenced by the appearance of this journal. France has her Orckidophile, Bel- gium her Lindenia and Journal des Orchidees, and in this country we have the serviceable Orchid Album and the sumptuous Reichenbachia, besides the admirable Manual of Orchidaceous Plants, published at intervals by Messrs. Veitch. Everyone of the publications mentioned is issued by a commercial firm. This fact does not detract from the value of the publications so far as they go, but it is obvious that commercial instincts, if not the commercial exigencies, must govern the selection of subjects and their treat- ment. The Orchid Revieto is independent of any commercial firm, and its scope, therefore, is not so likely to be restricted by prejudice and mere financial considerations. It is consequently ad- dressed more particularly to amateurs. In the new venture, descriptions of new species will form a feature, and special atten- tion will be given to hybrids and hybridisation. The cultural department is in the capable hands of Mr. W^hite, who has charge of Sir Trevor Lawrence's collections at Burford Lodge. Mr. Weathers undertakes the description of the plants shown at the meetings of the Royal Hor- ticultural Society. Hybrid Orchids occupy much space, not too much from a naturalist's point of view, but from the standpoint of deco- rative horticulture it would be well if nine- tenths of the hybrids raised were not suffered to appear on the exhibition table. No editor's name is given on the title page, but presumably the gentleman mentioned in the prospeotus is responsible for the botanical details. Messrs. AVest, Newman & Co., of 54, Hatton Garden, are the publishers, and the price is one shilling monthly. It is never fair to frame a critioism upon a first number. W^e must confine ourselves to welcoming the new-comer for its own sake, and for the evidence it affords of the progress of horticulture. Nepenthes MIXTA x (fig. 9).— Under thia name we now publiah a figure of a Nepenthes raised in Meaara. Veitch's establishment between N. Northiae and N. Curtiai, and wliich in consequence received the provisional name of N. Northiaii. This name waa indicative of the mixed origin of the plant, but was objected to as implying the existence of a Mr. NoRTHis, a shadowy peraonage who has no real exiat- ence. It may then be better designated as N. mixta. The leaves are oblong acute aubcordate at the apex and with a winged petiole. The pitchers are about 8 inches in length, with a fringed wing, cylindric oblong, of pale cream colour, flushed with green, and blotched with red, aa in N. Northise. The fine ribs which aurround the mouth of the pitcher are of a deep crimaon colour. The lid ia oblong, purple- spotted, without the curioua process on the inner surface which characteriaes N. Curtiai, and the ahallow \(inga are deeply laciniatc. The LINNEAN Society.— An evening meeting will be held on Thuraday, January 19, 1893, at 8 P.M., when the followmg papera will be read : — 1. " The Flanta of Malanji, collected by Mr. A. Whtte, and deacribed by Meaara. Bbitten, Bakbb, and Rendle," by W. CABBcxHEEa, F.R.S. 2. "A Report on the Diatrict Trareraed by the Anglo- French Sierra Leone Boundary Commiaaion," by G. F. Scott Elliot. The " North " Gallery, Kew.— A fifth edition of the official guide to thia important collection haa juat been publiahed. It ia prefaced by a map and a biographical notice. The collection include! 848 coloured drawinga. Noticea are alao given of the panela of ornamental wooda below the paintings, amounting to no fewer than 246, whilat many are not determined. An excellent index concludes the pamphlet, which ia to be bad for Gd. Horticultural Scholarships.— In addition to the acholarships ofiFered by the Worshipful Com- pany of Gardeners, and by the President of the Royal Horticultural Society, we learn that Baron Sir Henry Schroder has instituted a similar Scholar ahip of £26 annual value, for two yeara, the conditi«J< for which we hope to announce ahortly. "Botanical Magazine."- The planta eared in the January number are : — Nemesia strumosa, the beautiful herbacer' plant, introduced from the Cape by Meaara. Sr^oN, and figured in our laat volume, p. 269, f. 48, t^-72. Epidendrum spottdiadum. — A Jamaica 'P*ciea, in- troduced to Kew by Mr. Mohbis. '^^ racemea apring from the top of the paeudob*". a°d bear cr^ FlO, 9. XtPlMHKS MIXTA (SKE P. 4G ) [The Gardeners' Chronicle, January U, 1893. four (or more ?) flowers, about 1 inch in diameter, greenish, blotched with deep red, stellate in form, with the outer segments lanceolate, the inner spatu- late, the lip cordate- apiculate, with two calli, t. 7273. Caralluma campanulata. — The very curious Cinga- lese Cactus-like Asclepiad, figured and described in our columns in our last volume, p. 360, f. Gl. Kew, t. 7274. Cypripedium fasciculaium. — A very curious Cypri- pedinm, native of North West America (Washington Territory), with opposite leaves, and erect, many- flowered racemes. Each flower is subtended by a lanceolate bract. The fragrant flowers slightly exceed 1 inch in diameter, and the sepals and petals are lanceolate, rose-coloured outside, greenish-yellow within, with the veins red. The lip is straw- coloured, nearly globose, shorter than the segments, staminode three-lobed. Kew, t. 7275. Iris Hookeriaiui. — A native of Cabul, Western Himalaya. It has a creeping root-stock, linear, strap-shaped leaves, and blue flowers. The sepals are spreading, lilac, mottled with darker spots, and having a yellow beard ; petals erect, shorter, and paler, t. 7276. United Horticultural Benefit and Pro- vident Society. — The quarterly meeting of this Society was held at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi Terrace, Strand, on Monday evening last, Mr. W. P. Thomson in the chair. The Society is making good progress, fitty-three members having been elected during the past year. Three member! are on the Sick Fund at the present time. One member who has been ill recently, was allowed 10s. from the Convalescent Fund. The amount of deposit stand- ing to the credit of a nonpaying member was granted at the last meeting in accordance with Rule 14, the said member having ceased to pay since 1SG9, and having now reached 60 years of age, Messrs, DixON, Gdnnbr, and Puzkt were elected auditors for the past year's accounts. The nsual vote of thanks to the chairman ended the meeting. Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— We are highly pleased to be able to announce that H.K.H. the I'rincess of Walks has consented to become Patroness of this Institution, and has expressed her desire to use her influence with other influential persons on behalf of the Fund. Woodford Horticultural Society.— At a meeting of the above Society held on the Oth inst., Andrew Johnston, Esq., chairman of the Essex County Council presiding, Mr. G. Lainq Paol of the Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, read an admirable paper on " Apples for Private Gardens," which gave rise to an interesting discussion. A hearty vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. Paul for his paper. Narcissus poeticus pr>ecox.— Mr. Batlob Habtlanu sends us a fragrant posy of this variety, which is specially valuable for its earliness. Mr. Uautland says he has been cutting a quantity for the last ten or twelve days. Under ordinary cir- cumstances it flowers out-of-doors in March, being followed in succession by poeticus angustifolius and ornatus. All the flowers before us have the spathe bright green and leafy, instead of brown and membranous, Blettinq in Beauty of Kent Apple.— A specimen of this fine Apple has been sent to us, showing decay in an unusual form ; the rind of the Apple is entirely black, thickened, and leathery, as if tanned, while the flesh is reduced to a brownish soft pulp, like that of a " bletted " Medlar. It is devoid of flavour, but of somewhat gummy con- sistence. We believe that Mr. Hahvey, of Canter- bury, has made an analysis of the fruit, the results of which it would be interesting to record. It seems as if the malic acid had disappeared, and the starchy matter become converted into semi-gummy or pectic matter. Royal Agricultural Benevolent Insti- tution.— The above has benefited greatly by large donations recently, and the Secretary of the Insti- 48 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jaitoabt 14, 1893. tution states that the Qceen gave £105 ; Mr. B, Steetton, Wisboro' Towers, BiUingsharst, £1000 ; Mr. Henet White, Broad Oak, near Odiham, £100; and a legacy of £500 from the executors of the late Mrs. Willis, of Cheltenham. Devon and Exeter Gardeners' Associa- tion.— The first supper of the Devon and Exeter Gardeners' Association took place, we learn from the Exeter Baily Gacctte, on Friday evening, January 6, at the Turk's Head Hotel. There were about fifty members present. The chair was occupied by Mr. Hope (Messrs. Veitch & Son), the vice-chairs being filled by Mr. T. C, Bartlett (head gardener to Lady DncEwoBTH) and :Mr. G. C. Craiibe (representing the amateur-gardener section of the Society). The affairs of the Association were stated to be in a most flourishing condition, and everything in con- nection with it in as satisfactory a state as could be wished. Scottish Horticultural Association.— Mr. A, M. Macalpine, the consulting botanist to the Highland and Agricultural Society, delivered on the evening of January 4, in Dowell's Rooms, Edin- burgh, the third of a series of lectures before the Scottish Horticultural Association on" The Structure and Physiology of Cultivated Plants." There was a large attendance of the association. Mulberries.— In a BuJktin of the Cornell University Agricultural Station, Professor Bailey discusses the cultivation of the Mulberry in the United States. Professor BAiLEYadmitsthefollowing types (omitting those grown as food for silkworms) : — 1, the white Mulberry, Moras alba, of which the Russian Mulberry, M. alba var. tartarica, and the nervosa Mulberry var. venosa, are forms ; 2, the Multicaulis group = Moruslatifolia ; 3, the .Japanese group = Moras japonica ; 4, the black Mulberry group = Morus nigra ; 5, the red or native Mulberry group = Moras rubra, of which the Lampasas Mul- berry (var. tomentosa) is a variety. Under these groups six forms are mentioned, some of which are best for the northern, others for the southern States. The American varieties have been principally derived from M. alba and M. rubra, the European varieties from M. nigra, whilst the native American, M. rubra, has already furnished some varieties, and will probably produce others specially suitable to American conditions. Conifers.— It is noteworthy that about the same time that'the Conifer Report was issued. Prof. Baillon should also have issued a part of his Histoire dcs Plantcs containing a monograph of the genera of Conifers and allied orders. Professor Baillos's treatment of the subject is very different from that adopted in the report, and mainly in the excessive "lumping" or consolidation that is practised, and which would render Professor Baillon's arrangement inconvenient in practice. Sequoia disappears entirely, being sunk in Athro- taxis. Pinus, after Parlatoees plan, is made to include all the genera of Abietinre, but for practical purposes, at least, it seems best to keep the Silver Firs, Spruces, Larches, and Cedars distinct. At p. 19 the cone of the Spruce is given for that of the Silver Fir. Botanists will study Professor Baillon's monograph with very great interest from the views he entertains respecting the structure of the flower in this order. Vegetable and Fruit Farming. — Mr. Charles Whitehead has published a fourth edition of his Hints on this subject, which may be pur- chased in pamphlet form from Mr. ,Tohn Mceeay. We recommend its perusal to distressed farmers within easy distance of a market, and especially to allotment holders and amateurs. Mr. Whitehead takes a reasonable view of the possibilities of profit- able fruit culture, but we fear his pamphlet was issued before the late rise in railway rates. If this is per- sisted in, it will very seriously aft'ect, or even annihilate fruit culture. In some districts carriage by hoy or canal boat may do something to restore the balance. Prof. Emoey Smith, whom we have frequently men- tioned in connection with the magnificent Leland Stafnord University and its department of horticul- ture, visited some four Kentish Cherry-orchards as the fruit was being picked, and shuddered at the careless way in which the fruit was handled without any selection. No doubt our fruit-growers have much to learn ; and amongst other things they must learn to take pains. A separate section is devoted to "canning," in which also Prof. Smith could give some useful counsel. The Surveyors' Institution.— At the ordi- nary general meeting held on Monday, Decem- ber 19, 1892, the president (Mr. Chaeles J. Shoppee) in the chair, a paper was read by Mr. E. Tidman (Fellow) entitled " Sanitary Ventilation." A dis- cussion followed and was concluded, and a vote of thanks was unanimously passed to Mr. Tidman for his paper. The second of four meetings of examinees and students authorised (subject to certain conditions) by the council to be held during the present session, will take place in the lecture hall of the institution on Monday, January 'IG, 1S93, when a paper will be read by Mr. R. Watson, entitled " A Devonshire Homestead." The chair will be taken at 7 o'clock. The Douglas Fir. — Mr. Gooden, of the gardens, Shopwyke House, Chichester (H. S. Ken- NABD, Esq.), sends us a photograph of a fine speci- men of the Douglas Fir. It is about 55 feet in height, symmetrical, and well clothed with foliage from base to summit. When laden, as at present, with hundreds of light chestnut-coloured cones, it is a noble object. Automatic Damper.— In our issue for July 9 last, p. 46, some remarks appeared respecting an automatic damper which had been patented. We have lately had an opportunity of seeing one of these that has been adjusted to a small boiler in the nursery of Mr. H. J. Jones, at Lewisham, where it appears to have answered perfectly. Mr. Jones told us that he had no trouble whatever with the regulation of the fire, and it maintains a more even temperature than any one of the others. Its prin- ciple and method of application was described in the article referred to above. SaWBRIDGEWORTH.— On Wednesday, the 4th inst., the employes of Messrs. Thos. Rivers & Sons were entertained at supper in one of the large houses, which was decorated for the occasion. About ninety-six men sat down to a substantial meal, the catering being in the hands of Mr. and Mrs. Camp. Mr. T. F. Rivers, in response to the toast of Messrs. Rivees & Sons, said he was most happy to see all his men around him, and that it was owing to them and to their careful attention to their duties that the name of Rivers was so well- known, not only in England, but in every quarter of the globe. He trusted that the friendship which existed would continue for years to come. After speeches by Mr. W. Camp (foreman), Mr. J. Dedman, and Mr. J. Beace, the rest of the evening was spent in amusement. Chicago Exhibition.— The installation of exhibits has already begun, but has not yet progressed far. Soon, however, the interior of each one of the buildings will be the scene of great activity. The authorities are determined to have all exhibits in place at the opening of the Fair, and manifestly this cannot be accomplished if exhibitors are allowed to be dilatory. It will not do to permit the great mass of exhibitors to defer in- stalling their exhibits until April, and accordingly state and foreign commissions and individual ex- hibitors will be required to be prompt. Exhibitors who are dilatory beyond a certain point will lose their space and be barred out. The requirements of the preparation of the official catalogue of exhibits also necessitate promptness on the part of exhibitors. This catalogue will be an elaborate publication, and, generally speaking, will have a separate volume devoted to each department. Its preparation is in charge of Major Handy, chief of the department of Publicity and Promotion, It is the determination to have it on sale in complete condition on the opening day of the Fair, if it is possible to do so. That will, of course, depend mainly on the promptness of exhibitors. The section from one of the big Californian Redwood trees (Sequoia sempervirens), which the government will exhibit in its building at the World's Fair, has arrived at the Fair grounds. Eleven freight cars were required to convey it across the continent. It measures 30 feet long by 23 feet in diameter. The section' is hollowed out, and when placed on end, divided into two storeys and lighted, as it will be, it will form a rustic house large enough for a family to live in. Professor Munson, of the Maine State College, has issued a report of his experiments to determine whether any, and if so what, changes are effected by the influence of pollen on the ovary and the seed. He sums up as follows : — "The evidence at hand indicates that within certain limits there is an immediate influence of pollen on the mother plant; but that these limits are quite restricted. The most important plants showing, unmistakably, immediate effects of foreign pollen are the Pea, the Kidney Bean, and the Indian Corn. It is possible that the Orange may be included in this list. Sweet Corn (Maize) shows the effect of foreign pollen more frequently than do the other races of corn. The theory of the double action of pollen — stimulating as well as fertilising — as suggested by Naudin and Focke, seems plausible ; but in some species the ovary will develop in the entire absence of pollen. The most important examples of agamic development of fruit, are seen in the Egg-plant (Solanum melongena), and the English forcing Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). In no instance, when pollen is withheld, are perfect seeds developed. There appears to be no relation between the amount of pollen produced by a plant and the amount required for fecundation. There appears to be no relation between the amount of pollen pro- duced by a plant and the number of seeds produced by its fruits. The amount of pollen applied may, in many cases, be of great practical importance in determining the form and sizeas well as the quan- tity ot the fruit produced. The amount of fruit produced by certain varieties of Strawberries appears to vary, in some instances, with the amount of pollen supplied by the variety used as a fertiliser ; but this occurrence is not universal. The form and size of Tomato fruits are directly dependent on the amount of pollen furnished — a small amount invariably resulting in small and deformed fruit. The English forcing Cucumber is usually deformed by the production of seeds, and the consequent enlargement of the apex, as a result of polli- nation; the amount of pollen used appears to be of no importance in determining the extent of the deformity. Pollen appears in many cases to act directly on the ovary, stimulating growth of that organ independently of any effect on the ovules — an effect most clearly seen in those species which do not readily cross. Indications point to the possi- bility of distinct effects from two male parents when pollen is applied to the same stigma at different times." Cardiff and District Gardeners' Asso- ciation.— The usual weekly meeting was held on Tuesday, January 10. Mr. A. Pettigeew, gardener at Cardiff Castle, read a paper entitled " The Best Mode of Cropping Town Allotment Gardens." The paper was prepared and read by the request of the Association in consideration of the great number of allotment-holders in and around Cardiff. There was a good attendance of members, but, so far as the subject of the paper was concerned, the result was disappointing, for very few allotment-holders were present. Mr. Pettigeew acknowledged the success Januaby U, 1S93.] TEE GA RDENERS' CHB ONI CLE. 49 that was generally achieved in the allotments around Cardiff' and gave nsefal information as to the best methods of improving the soil where poor, and also in regard to the vegetables most adapted for the purpose of allotment- holders. The culture of most of such was detailed, and a hint given that the best possible results could only be obtained by continual cropping. Royal Horticultural Society.— The first meeting of the Society in 1893 will be held in the Drill Hall, James Street, Victoria Street, Westminster, on Tuesday, January 17, when the Fruit, Floral, and Orchid Committees, will assemble at 12 o'clock, noon. The following are the arrangements for the present year : — Popular afternoon meetings and lectures, in the Drill Hall, James Street, Victoria Street, S.W. :— Jan. 17.— Show in the Drill Hall, James Street, S.W. Meeting at 3 p.m., for election of Fellows. Feb. 14. — Annual General Meeting at 117, Vic- toria Street, S.W. March 14. — " Some Effects of growing Plants under Glass of Various Colours, ' The Kev, Prof. Henslow, M.A. II 28. — "Flowers of the Kiviera," Mons. Henry de Vilmorin. April 11.— "Orchid Life in Guiana," Mr. Everard F. im Thurn. ,1 '2o. — " How to Solve Chemical Qnestinna Concerning the Soil without Che- mistry," Professor Cheshire. „ 25. — Auricula and Primula Show in the Drill Hall. May 9.—" Fritillarias, ' Mr. D. Morris, M.A. May 25, 26.— Great City flower show in the Inner Temple Gardens, London. June 6. — " Hardy Rhododendrons and Azaleas, ' Sir J. T. D. Llewelyn, Bart. „ 6.— Pansy show in the Drill Hall. 20.— Sir John Lubbock, Bart., has been invited to lecture this day. July 11. — Great show at the Chiswick Gardens. ,, 25. — "Alpine Houses and their Inhabitante, " Mr. H. Selfe Leonard. „ 25. — Carnation and Picotee show in the Drill Hall. Aug. 8.—" Cannas, ' Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S. „ 29, ;jO, ;U ' Great show at the Koyal Agri- September 1 J cultural Hall, Islington. II 12. — "Garden Phloxes and Pentstemons," Mr. J. Douglas. II 26. — " Causes of Failure in Eucharis Cul- ture," Mr. W. Ipgulden. Oct. 10.— "Pears," Mr. W. Crump. ,1 24. — " Onions," Mr. A. Dean. Not. 14. — "Chrysanthemums," Mr. R. Parker. •I 28. — " Late-keeping Grapes," Mr. T. W. Crasp. Dec. 12.— Show in the Drill Hall, James Street, S.W. Meeting at 3 p.m., for election of Fellows. Scientific Committee. (Ettablished May 5, 1868.) Ciaj>;na».— Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, K.C.S.I, M.D., C.B., F.K.S., The Camp, Sunningdale. ^ n«-C/«ijr;rtfw.— Dyer. W. T. Thiselton, C.M.G., F.R.S., Royal Gardens, Kew ; Foster, Professor M., Sec.R.S., Great Shelford, Cambridge ; Masters, Max- well T., M.l)., F.K.S., Mount Avenue, Ealing, W. ^ Hon. Secretart/. —liev. Prof. O. Henslow, M.A., F\L.S., F.G.S., Drayton House, Ealing, W. Baker, J. G., F.K.S., Royal Gardens, Kew. Balfour, Prof. I. B., F.R.S., Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Blandford, W. H. F., M.A., F.E.S., 48, Wimpole Street, W. _ Bonavia, Dr. K., 5, Harrington Mansions, South Kensington, Burbidge, F. W., F.L.S., Trinity College Gardens, Dublin. Church, Professor A. H., F.R.S., Shelsley Gardens, Kew. Clarke, Colonel R. Trevor, Welton Place, Daventry. Darwin, Francis, F,R.S., Wychfield, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge. Dod, Rev. C. Wolley, Edge Hall, Malpas, Cheshire. Elwes, H. J., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Colesborne, An- doverslord, Gloucestershire. Engleheart, Rev. G. II., Appleshaw, Andover. Farmer, Prof. J. Bretland, M.A., Royal College of Science, South Kensington. S.W. Frankland, E., F.R S., The Yews, Reigate Hill, Reigate. Gilbert, J. II., Ph.D., F.R.S., Harpenden, Herts. Godman, F. DuCane, F.R.S., 10, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W. Green, Professor J. R., M.A., 17, Bloomsbnry Square, W.C. Lindsay, R., Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Llewelyn, Sir J. T. D., Bart., F.L.S., Penllergare, Swansea. Lynch, R. Irwin, A.L.S., Botanic Gardens, Cam- bridge. McLachlan, R., F.R.S., Westview, Clarendon Road, Lewisbam, S.E. Michael, Albert. D., F.L.S., Cadogan Mansions, Sloane Square, S.W. Morris, D., M.A., F.L.S., 11, Kew Gardens Road, Kew. Muller, Hugo, Ph.D.. F.R.S., 13, Park Square East, Regent's Park, X.W. Oliver, F. W., D.Sc, F.L.S., 10. Kew Gardens Road, Kew. Pascoe. F. P.. F.L.S., 1, Burlington Road, West- bourne Park, W. Plowright, C. B., M.D., F.L.S., 7i King Street, King's Lynn. Russell. Dr. W. J., F.R.S., 34, Upper Hamilton Terrace, N.W. Salvin, Osbert, F.R.S., Hawksfold, Fernhurst, Haslemere. Scott, D. H.. M.A., Ph.D., F.L.S., The Old Palace, Richmond, S.W. Stewart, Prof. C, Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln's Inn Fi^ds, W.C. Svmons, G. J., F.R S., 62, Camden Square. N.W. Veitch, H. .1., F.L.S.. Royal E.totic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. Ward, Professnr Marshall, F.R.S., The Laurels, Englffield Green, Staines. Wilson, Geo. F., F.R.S., lleatherbank, Weybridge Heath. Fruit and Veuetable Committee. (Established May 7, 1858.) Chairman. — Crowley, Philip, F.L.S., Waddon House, by Croydon. Vicc-Chairmen. — Bunyard. George, The Nurseries, Maidstone ; Lee, John, 78, Warwick Gardens, Ken- sington ; Rivers, T. Francis. Sawbridgeworth. Sioretary. — Archibald F. Barron, Royal Horticul- tural Society, Chiswiok, W. Balderson, H., Corner Hall, Hemel Hampstead. Bates, W., Poulett Lodge Gardens, Twickenham. Bennett, W., Rangemore Park Gardens, Burton- on-Trent. Burrell. E., Claremont Gardens, Esher. Cheal, .loseph, Crawley. Sussex. Coleman, W., Kastnor Castle Gardens, Ledbury. Cummins, G. W.. The Grange Gardens, Wallington. Dean, A.. 62 Rii hmond lid., Kingston-on-Thames. Divers, W. H., Kettnn Hall Gardens. Stamford. Dunn, Malcolm, The PalaceGardens, 1 )alkeith,N.B. Goldsmith, Geo.. Leonardslee Gardens, Horsham. Hogg, Dr., LL.D., F.L.S., 99, St. George's RoaVl, Pimlico. Hudson, J., Gunnersbnry House, Acton. Iggulden, W., Marston Gardens. Frome. Laing, J., Junr., Forest Hill, S.E. Lane, Fred, (I., Berkamsted. Mclndoe, James, Hutton Hall Gardens, Guis- borough. Miles, G. T , Wycomb Abbey, High Wvcomb, Norman, G., llattield House Gardens, Hatfipld. Pearson, A. II.. The Nurseries. Chilwell, Notts. Reynolds, G., The Gardens, Gunnersbury Park, Acton. Ross, Charles, The Gardens, Welford Park, New- bury. Sage, G. II.. Ham House Gardens, Richmond, S.W. Saltmarsh, T. J.. The Nurseries. Chelmsford. Smith, James, The (iardens, Mentmore, Leighton Buzx.ard. Sutton, A. W., F.L.S., Reading. Taber, G., Rivenhall, Witham. Essex. Veitch, A., King's Road, Chelsea. Veitch, P. C. M., The Royal Nurseries, Exeter. WarreUi W., Worton Gardens, Isleworth, Weir, Harrison, Scvenoaks. Willard, Jesse, Holly Lodge Gardens, Highgate, N. Wright, John, 171, Fl>-et Street. Wright, S. T., Glewston Court Gardens, Hereford. Wythes, G., Syon House Gardens, Brentford. I'oung, A., Abberley Hall Gardens, Stourport. Floral Committee. (Established June 24, 1859.) Chairman. — Marshall, William, Auchinraith, Bexley. r7c-«-CAair,«f».— D'Ombrain, Rev. H. H., West- well Vicarage, Ashford, Kent; Fraser, John, Lea Bridge Road, Leyt nstone, E. ; Paul, George, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt. Secretary. — Archibald F. Barron, Royal Horticul- tural Society, Chiswick, W. Bain, W.. The Gardens, Burford Lodge, Dorking. Baines. Thomas, Fern Cottage, Palmer's Green, N. Barr, P.. 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Bause, F.. Portland Road, South Norwood, S.E. Cannell, 11.. Swanley. Kent. Cant, F., Uraiswick, Colchester. Dean, R., Ranelagh Road, Ealing, W. Druery, C. T., F.L.S., 25, Windsor Road, Forest Gate. Fitt, J. H,, The Frythe Gardens, Welwyn. Furze, W., Roselands, Broom Road, Teddington. Girdlestone, T. W,. Sunningdale, Berks. Godfrey, Thos., HiUingdon, 1 xbridge. Gordon, G,, 1, Style Villas, Gunnersbury. Herbst, H., Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey. Ingram, W.. Belvoir Castle liardens, Grantham. Jeffries, C. Koston House Gardens, Brentford. Jennings, J,, Ascott Gardens, Leighton Buzzard. Laing, J,, Forest Hill, S E. Leach, W. C, Alburv Park Gardens, Guildford. Lowe, R. B., Ashridge Gardens, Berkhamsted. Mawlev, E., Rosebank, Berkhamsted. May, H, 15., Dyson's Lane, Upper Edmonton, Molyneux, E., Swanmore Park Gardens, Bishop's Waltham, Nicholson, G,, Royal Gardens, Kew. Noble, C , Sunningdale Nursery, I'agshot. Owen, R., Castle Hill, ^Maidenhead. Pawle, J. D,, 12, Stanley Gardens, Willesden Green, N.W. Pearson, C. E . Chilwell, Nottingham. Phippen, G., Victoria Nursery, Reading. Ross, F.. Bletchingley. Salter, C. J., Woodhatch Gardens, Reigate. Shea, Chas. E., The Elms, Foots Cray, Kent. Stevens, (ieo . St. John's Nursery, Putney. Turner, II., Royal Nurseries, Slough. Walker, J., Ham Common, Surrey. Watson, W,, Royal Gardens, Kew. Williams, W. H. (^Keynes & Co.), Salisbury. Orchid Committee. (Established March 26, 1889.) Chairman,— Xeitch. H. J., F.L.S., Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W. J'jcc- CAairwcn.— Lawrence, Sir Trevor, Bart., M.P., 57, Princes Gate, S.W.; Masters, Maxwell T., M.l)., F.R.S., Mount Avenue, Ealing, W,; Schroder, Baron, Sir Henry, The Dell, Staines. Sceritari/. — O'Brien, James, West Street, Harrow- on-the-Hiil. Ballantine, 11., The Dell Gardens, Staines. Bond, T. W., Elstead House Gardens, Godalming.- Bowring, J. C, Forest Farm, Windsor. Brooman-White, R., Ardarroch, Garelochead,N.B. Burberry, H. A., Highbury Gardens, Birmingham. Burbidge, F. W., Trinity College Botanic Garden, Dublin. Crawshay, De Barri, Rosefield, Sevenoaks. Cookson, Norman C, Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne. Courtauld, Sidney, Booking Place, Braintree. Denton, J. Bailey, Orchard Court, Stevenage. Douglas, J,, Great Gearies, Ilford. Gabriel, J, T., 6. Pnlace Road, Streatham Hill. Ilandley, Rev. E.. 19, Koyal Crescent, Bath. Haywood, T. B , Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate. Hill, E., Tring Park Gardens, Tring. Ingram, C, i'-6, Onslow Gardens, S,W. Jai|ues, J., Waddesdon Manor Gardens, Aylesbury . Kinleside, Rev. R. V. C, Sunbury House, Tun- bridge Wells. Latham, W. B., Botanic Gardens, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Le Doux, G. R., Langton House, East Molesey. Lindsay, R., Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. 50 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januaby 14, 1893. Low, H., The Narseries, Clapton, E. Lucas, C. J., Warnham Court, Horsham. Moon, E., Cassiobridge, Watford. Pilcher, Charles, 84, Kingford Road, Wanda- worth, S.W. Pollett, H. M., Femside, Bicbley, Kent. Sander, F., St. Albans. Smee, H. J., Wallington, Surrey. Statter, Thos., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Man- chester. Tantz, F. G., Dibdin House, Hanger Hill, Ealing. White, W. H., Burford Lodge Gardens, Dorking. Williams, H., Victoria Nurseries, Holloway, N. Nahcissus Committee. (Established 1885.) CAairjnan.— Professor M. Foster, Sec. R. S., Shelford, Cambridge. Vict-Ch-iirmen.— '&akeT, J. G.. F.R.S., Royal Herbarium, Kew ; Dod, Rev. C. Wolley, Edge Hall, Malpas, Cheshire ; Engleheart, Rev. George H., Appleshaw, Andover; Wilks, Rev. W., Shirley Vicarage, Croydon. Honorary Secretary. — Scrase-Dickins, C. R., Cool- hurst Park, Horsham. Barr, P., 12. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Barr, W., 12, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. Bennett- Poo, John T., 29, Ashley Place, S.W. Bourne, Rev. S. E., Dunston Vicarage, Lincoln. Burbidge, F. W., Trinity College Gardens, Dublin. Clarke, Col. R. Trevor, Welton Place, Daventry. Collins, A., 39, Waterloo Road, S.E. Cowan, C. W., Valleyfield. Penicuick, Midlothian. Darlington, H. R., Cromdale, Marlboro' Hill, Harrow. De Graaff, S. A., Leyden, Holland. Elwes, H. J., F.L.S., Colesborne, Andoversford, Gloucestershire. Goldring, W., 52, Gloucester Road, Kew. Grosvenor, Lady Hy., 73, South Audley Street. Hartland, W. B., Ard-Cairn, Cork. Haydon. Rev. G. P., Hatfield Vicarage, Doncaster. Jekyll, Miss G., Munstead, Godalming. Jenkins, E. H., Queen's Road, Hampton Hill, S.W. Krehge, J. H., Haarlem, Holland. Leichtlin, Max. Baden-Baden. Llewelyn, Sir J. T. D., Bart., F.L.S., Penllergare, Swansea. MacMichael, Rev. C , Walpole Rectory, Wisbech. Marsh, Rev. T. H., Causton Rectory, Norfolk. Milne- Redhead, R., Holden Clough, Bolton-by- Bowland, Clitheroe. Moore, F. W., Rayal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin. Perry, Amos J., Stamford Road, Page Green, Tottenham. Vilmorin, Henry L. De, Qaai de la M^gisserie, Paris. Walker, James, Ham Common, Surrey. Ware, Walter T., Inglescombe Nurseries, near Bath. Webster, A. D.,r.B.S.E., Holydale, K«jton, Kent. White, Miss, Ale.xander College, Dublin. Note.— Five Members form a quorum in all of the Committees. Members of the Council are Members of all the Committees. abundant at Florence. The word Kaki is from Chaki, the Japanese word for the fruit, while the Chinese call it Sze Tsze. Thomas Hanbury, La Mar- tola, December ^\, 1892. THE KAKI. (See Fio. 10.) Im reply to your correspondent " X.," I would say my communication was intended for the majority of your readers to whom I believe the Kaki is an un- known fruit. 1 have asked for it repeatedly in some of the largest gardens and fruiterer's shops in England, and the reply is almost invariably " we do not know it." Only once have I seen it in fruit in England on an open wall, and that was in Canon Ellacombe's garden at Bitton. If " X." will refer to De Can- doUe's Prodomus, vol. viii., pp. 228, 229, or Nichol- son's Dictionary of Gardening, vol. ii., p. 479, he will see the difference between Diospyros Kaki and D. virginiana (the Persimmon); both fruits ripen in my garden, and I consider the Kaki far superior to the Persimmon. Needless to remark that this fruit though rare in England is common in some parts of the world. I have eaten the Kaki for years in China, where it is quite common, both fresh and dried. In the Depart- ment of the Var it is becoming common, but in this purt of Italy it is almost unknown, though fairly Home Correspondence. CATTLEYA WAROCQUEANA ALBA.— I think it is only just to L'Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, to reproduce what was said nearly two years ago under the name of Cattleya Warocqueana alba. This appears in Gardeners' Chronicle, March 7, 1891, and runs as follows: — ^" When reporting on the new Cattleya Warocqueana, the collector stated that there were among the specimens found some which had flowers of the purest white ; and the verification of this statement has just been atforded by the flowering of a white variety of surpassing beauty in the collection of M. G. Warocqu6 at Marie- mont, near Charleroi." P. Weathers. HAMBURGH PARSLEY.— One finds this type of Parsley in seed lists, but rarely in gardens, and it is only occasionally mentioned in gardening books. It is regarded by many as a variety of our common Parsley, which it resembles in some points, but diS'ers widely from in others, being of taller and more spreading growth, forming a large root, which is the portion of the plant used for culinary purposes. The root takes somewhat the form of the Parsnip, buj is much smaller and shorter ; a good-siied root being about 2 inches in diameter, and from 6 to 8 inches long, the flesh being white and somewhat dry ; it is like the Celeriac in flavour, but is said to be not so delicate. It has a somewhat limited use as a culinary vegetable, and is employed in sauces for fish and flesh meats, soups, &c. Being a very hardy plant, the roots can be left in the open ground, and dug up in the same way as is customary with Parsnips. The foliage resembles a somewhat coarse form of the common Parsley, and was perhaps obtained from a plant having a large root. Why it is called the Hamburgh Parsley is not quite clear, probably it originated or was grown in the neighbourhood of that city, and it appears to be largely cultivated in Germany. Messrs. Vilmorin & Co. mention there are two forms of it grown in Germany ; one is an early one, having thicker and more fleshy roots, like those of the common Parsnip, while the late one has longer and more slender roots, and they say they do not appear very constant, so doubtless one is but a selection from the other, and in respect of weight of produce the difference is very slight. It is a plant requiring a fairly rich deeply dug soil, and the culture resembles that of the Parsnip. Some leave the roots in the ground as they do their Parnips ; others lift the roots in October, and store them away in sand for use. Hamburgh Parsley appears to be a vege- table of comparatively modern introduction to this country. R. D. [Patches of the plants covered with frames having a lining of litter and matted at night to keep out frost, will furnish a supply of leaves for kitchen use when the curled leaved varieties cease to grow outside; and roots, if taken up in early October, and the larger leaves cut off and laid in layers in a bank of sand or loam, with the heads just projecting beyond the face of the bank, will furnish good materials for flavouring all through the winter. The bank may be made in a cold pit or light cellar, where frost does not penetrate. Ed.] IRIS ALATA. — I venture to send you some blos- soms of Iris alata var. speciosa, which I think is one of the most beautiful of all Irises. The little line of gold has such great effect. Moreover, their habit of blooming in mid-winter very much enhances their value. I prefer them even to Xiphion histrio, on whose merits — as shown the other day by Mr. Ware — you very justly expatiated. We now have a hard frost here, but almost up to the present time it has been a good season for these winter Irises. I. stylosa has been at its very best. Iris cretica has followed suit, together with Xiphion histrio in the open border, and the greenhouse has been gay with Iris alata and var. speciosa, which 1 think should never be forgotten where very beautiful flowers are valued in December. There are also now some very fine varieties of Iris stylosa, which can be obtained from Messrs. Dammann of Naples, which should always be grown. H. Euihank. CYANOPHYLLUM MAGNIFICUM FROM SEED.- This fine plant was once a favourite with exhibitors of fine foliage plants, as also was Sphaerogyne lati- folia, but owing to the large size to which they grow in a short space of time, many gardeners have given up growing them, the more so, as small plants for room and table decoration are now more appre- ciated. If seed of Cyanophyllnm could be purchased cheaply, nothing more useful as a fine foliage plant could be so readily raised ; and in writing this note I hope that if seed is obtainable, it will be adver- tised, for seedling plants of Cyanophyllnm when small, are very beautitul objects. Just previous to taking my first foreman's place, and while still a journeyman under Mr. Robinson at Englefield House, Berks, the Cyanopbyllum magnificum was flowered, it being I believe the first plant which had flowered and seeded in this country, and if I remember rightly it was figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle in 1864 or 1865 [no] ; some of the seed was sown, and plants were raised by hundreds, and in a sm&U stat* they were most beautiful, and at that time were a wonder to many lovers of plants who cam* from far and near to se» them. They were grown beneath Cucumber plants, and resembled, whilst still small, a huge bed of Ansectochilus. Some years afterwards, when serving ai foreman in France, Mr. Robinson, of Englefield, sent me some seed, but I failed to get it to germinate, and after leaving Englefield, I never heard of or saw any more seedling Cyanophyllnms, W. C. Leach, Albany Park Gardens, Guildford. MUSCAT CHAMPION GRAPE.— This Grape was raised by the late Mr. Melville of Dalmeny, not by Mr. Meredith, as stated in the account of Keele. Mr. Melville exhibited it in London, and was awarded a First-class Certificate. The late James Veitch bought it for £100. That this Grape is a true cross between the Canon Hall Muscat and the Hamburgh is proved by its colour (red), foliage, and keeping qualities. The foliage is more like the Muscat, and it also takes its keeping qualities from the Muscat. The Vine succeeds best if inarched on the Muscadine ; it does not do so well on its own roots. Although it was well shown in London by Mr. Carmichael when he was at Sandringham, never- theless the prejudice against its colour prevented it from making any headway, much to Mr. James Veitch's disappointment. Vagabond. [The reasons for this variety, in spite of its undoubted good quality, not finding much appreciation are, beyond that one mentioned by our correspondent, its bad keeping quality after being quite mature. It was raised in 1858. Ed.] THE WEATHER IN SUSSEX. — The weather of the past week has been unusually severe. On Monday, the 2ad, the minimum temperature was 1^, maximum, 25°. On Tuesday, the 3rd : min., 0'^ ; max., 27°. Wednesday : min., 1° ; max., 32°. Thurs- day: min., 0 1° ; max., 30°. Friday: min., 22° ; max., 32°. Saturday : min., 22° ; max., 28°. It will be seen from the above, that the past week has been the coldest we have had here since 1880. Only once last year did the thermometer reach zero, and that only for about an hour. With such weather, it is difficult to keep up heat in forcing-houses. H. C. Prinsep, Buxted Park. VINE-DRESSING AND PETROLEUM OIL.— The time having come round when the rods of the Vine receive their annual cleaning and dressing for the destruction of insects which lodge about the bark and gnarled spurs, it may interest some growers and be profitable to others if I give my experience of petroleum in this operation. It is agreeable to speak of success, but to mention failure through bad management is quite unusual. Nevertheless, an account of any mismanagement in an operation is very effectual in preventing others from making similar blunders. It is the desire of most Grape- growers, especially exhibitors of Grapes, to have the Vines thoroughly clean and free from insects which prey upon the leaves and disfigure the berries, and reducing the chances of securing fine colour and perfection in the fruit. Numerous sorts of mixtures and solutions are used as a winter dressing which do no harm to Vines, and which also fail to eradicate red-spider and other insects. It has been my practice for many years to clean the interior of the vineries by washing or painting the woodwork, removing several inches of the surface of the border, and scraping and painting the Vines with various mixtures ; yet red-soider has always been more or less present at midsummer. Being convinced that the parents owed their existence to the cover provided by the bark, I determined to try an application of petroleum, at the rate of one wineglassful with two ounces of black (soft) soap to the gallon of water, a jolution _ .A- __ Januaet 14, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 51 I have nsed for many years with fair snccess on different kinds of plants; and in every case I applied it with a syringe, keeping it well- stirred the while. In this instance, however, the oil dipped on the aarface only, and then rubbed on the Vines. The result was that the first two Vines washed in each house were killed almost to the ground, while some of the rods next them were then cut down to within 2 feet of the ground, and being robust canes, they bled profusely for three weeks, although the cut was several times burned, and covered with a styptic. They afterwards started FlO. 10— FECITS AND SHOOT OF EIOSPVBOS C08TATA, " KAKI." (SBB P. 50.) (After a coloured plate in the lUvite Jloriicole.) was put in while the soap-water was boiling, and when cold enough to handle it was applied to the rods with a woollen cloth. I may mention that the directions given to stir well was not exactly earned out, the B olution being rather hot,; the cloth being more or less damaged. A fresh supply was pro- vided for each of the three houses, which accounts for the separate damage done. The injury was not discovered till the Vines were several weeks started, and the sap conseriuently in motion. They were below the cut, and made extra-strong growth, with the exception of two, one of which was entirely killed, while the other started from beneath the surface of the soil about midsummer, and being late it ripened badly. It would be interesting to know 52 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 14, 1893. why petroleum may be used on Peaches, Figs, and many other plants with perfect safety, in the manner I haye described, while numerous instances of damage has resulted to Vines from an application of the same solution. In relating the above experience to a promi- nent horticulturist, he said, " 1 may paint the rods with pure petroleum when they are in active growth with- out danger of doing them harm ; but when applied to dry dormant rods, it was very injurious." I washed a pot Vine when in full leaf with the solution above- mentioned without any apparent ill-effects. Pro- bably some of your scientific readers will be able to explain its action on dormant and active plants. In dealing with insects, I may here mention a matter which has been for some time a source of trouble, and, I may say, of mystery, to me and many other exhibitors of white Grapes. It may be often ob- served at exhibitions that the berries of White Muscat, Foster's Seedling, &c., are disfigured by a cluster of small brown specks at the apex of the berries, and sometimes also around the footstalks. From observation, I have come to the conclusion that this is caused by red- spider piercing the skin, as it is impossible to remove the spots by rubbing [or thrips. Ed.]. When Vines are badly infested, the spider may be seen working on the berries, as well as on the leaves ; but so far as I know, the dis- figurement mentioned has never been traced to their action. Our Muscats this year have been quite clear of red-spider, as well as the spot ; not, how- ever, from the excessive use of petroleum on the rods, but from continued and careful application of clear water through the svringe. William Williamson, Tarvit Gardens, Cupar, N.B. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.— The an- nouncement just made that there are seven candi- dates for assistance from this Fund beyond the eight to be elected should give additional stimulus to the appeal to the gardeners of the United Kingdom, which Mr. Crump has recently made. How few gardeners would be the poorer for the annual con- tribution of 5s. How much the poor orphans I hat must otherwise be rejected would be the richer. May I suggest that the gardening Press agree to unite in making special appeals to gardeners especially and others in general, early in the new year for the Orphan Fund, and at midsummer or thereabouts, on behalf of the Gardeners' Benevolent Fund. Why not have simultaneous Press appeals as now we have for hospitals, and simultaneous pulpit appeals. So far as the Gardeners' liojal Benevolent Institution is concerned, the new rules as to cumulative votes for subscribers, should give additional stimulus to sub- scriptions to that Fund from gardeners, but some other method than annual payments is needful. In the case of the Orphan Fund, no such stimulus is possible ; the entire proceedings in relation to it being due to pure benevolence. To maintain seven other orphans on the Fund, means an annual ex- penditure of £91. If but 500 other 5». subscribers could be secured, that would give an additional £125 yearly, leaving a good margin to accumulate for contigencies. But a general Press appeal might result in securing fully double that number of new annual subscribers ; and if one-third paid 10s. yearly, what a splendid permanent addition would be made to the Fund's income ! It is not so much the regular subscribers as the non- subscribers who should respond. A. D. GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. — The above worthy institution comprises many mem- bers as gardeners, but it is rather surprising to me that there are not more, considering the large number of gardeners in this country. Also there are many gardeners quite ignorant of the existence of such an institution. [Do gardeners never read ?] Another thing which surprises me is, that out of twelve to be elected this time for the pension, only two are really eligible. 1 therefore beg to suggest that the annual sum should be £4 a year less to those who are elected and have never paid a penny towards the fund. Also I suggest that the committee should alter the fifteen years to twelve years for enabling life members to be eligible ; it may be the means of gaining more subscribers. A. J. L., Wyfold Court, Beading. NOVELTIES OF 1892. (Continued from p. 10.) The term novelty must not be too critically re- garded, for in thoee short notes we must necessarily include many things which are re-introductions coming out prominently during the year, and so far as gardens are concerned, quite worthy to take their place among the things which seem to show a better title to being regarded as new, Fbbns. These plants seem to be steadily increasing in favour, and in the great Fern nursery of Mr. H. B. May, at Upper Edmonton, many new varieties are annually raised. Among those which have best displayed their work in 1892 are Adiantnm elegan- tissimum, a form of A. semulum, with ample fronds, having very small laxly-set pinnules. A. cuneatum grande, intermediate between A. cuneatum and A. decorum ; Nephrolepis davallioides multiceps, a variety of N. d. lurcans, but more divided and elegant; N. recurvata, with curiously-curled pinnae; Pteris serrulata gracilis, an elegant new Fern, and some charming varieties obtained from P. Victorice, and forms of P. serrulata, in which the variegation of both plain and crested varieties is much finer. These are P. reginoe, a lovely plant, whose silvery marking on the fronds extend almost to the margins; P. r. cristata, a beautiful crested form of the preceding ; and P. nivalis, which has the strong habit of P. serrulata, with the clear white variegation of P. Victorise. P. tremula variegata, and that beautiful Fern ally, Selaginella elegans, have, with the others enumerated, received Certifi- cates at the Royal Horticultural Society. Messrs. W. & J. Birkenhead, of Sale near Man- chester, who wholly turn their attention to Feins and ferneries, sent out some beautiful forms during the past year in Athyrium filix-foimina var. Gir- dlestonei cristatum, A. f.-f. var. G. grandiceps, A. f.-f. selligerum corymbiferum, A. f.-f. s. var. Vic- torise, Lastrea oemula densa, Scolopendrium vulgare var. crispum fimbriatum, and S. v. var. digitatum majus ; and Mr. Lowe and Mr. C. T. Druery, have both shown fine new hardy Ferns, the forms of Athyrium f.-f. Drueryi rivalling in beauty the finest tropical species ; and A. f.-f. revolvens being a very curious one. The Pteris tremula densa of Messrs. Smith, of Worcester, seems also to be a beautiful as well as useful decorative plant. Stove and GnEENHonsE Plants. These have been augmented chiefly by the products of the hybridist, and in that field Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons have been active workers, as in former years, although the excellence of their work previously done makes difliculties for themselves in regard to further im- provement. Of their grand strain of Amaryllis some dozen or so were admitted by competent judges to be fine novelties, and of those the best were Eclipse, Crimson King, Sylvia, Orion, and Argus. The pretty race of Streptocarpus is rapidly finding favour in the eyes of cultivators, and the brighter colours being now constant, it is possible to divide them into sections. Gloxinias are still being worked up by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, and among their novelties are Hector, Aida, and Cicely, all very distinct and beautiful. Of their famous strain of greenhouse Rhododendrons, the new double R. balsaminoeflorum varieties are much sought after, and for neat habit their R. multicolor varieties are all that could be desired, R. m. Neptune, a fine crimson, being one of the best. The pretty dwarf hardy Rhododendron racemosum should be very useful, both as a greenliouse and as a hardy plant. Other good plants of Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, are Grevillea robusta elegantissima, Aglaonema costata. Begonia Marie Louise, B. decora, and the nearly white Vallotta purpurea amabilis. Following the pretty yellow spotted Calla Elliot- tiana, which made good its claim to notice by a group of it being awarded a Silver Banksian Medal at the last Temple Show of the Royal Horticultural Society, we have another good yellow in C. Pent- landii, introduced by R. Whyte, Esq., of Pentland House, Lee ; and yet another under the name " Pride of the Congo " has been sold at auction ; while M. Deleuil, of Marseilles, has raised a hybrid yellow Calla (Richardia aurata), and others are said to be forthcoming, so that in this instance the demand has been followed as is customary by an increased supply— let us hope that the article! will be all found according to description. With Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, their fine AUamanda Williamsii has exceeded even their expectation ; some good new Amaryllis and Im»nto- phyllums have been flowered by them; and they have received awards for the two pretty-eolonred Dracaenas, D. CouUingi and E. Princess May. Messrs. John Laing & Sons and Messrs. Cannell still continue to offer novelties in tuberous Begoniai of considerable merit ; and the fine show of Chinese Primulas made by Messrs. Cannell at the Royal Hforticultural Society in January last, out of which P. s. Pink Queen and P. s. Peach Blossom were certificated, show that there are still further posii- bilities of new beauty in this favourite florist's flower. At the diSerent shows, too, Messrs. Laing & Soni exhibited some fine new Bertolonias, Caladiums, Dracaenas, and Crotons. Messrs. Paul & Son, of Cheshunt, far from con- fining themselves to their specialty of Roses, have a fine and distinct strain of Amaryllis, of which Man, Silver Queen, and Firebrand>ecured Royal Horticul- tural Society Certificates during 1892. The same firm is also doing good work on the showy-flowered Cannas, and especially the dwarfer strains. Other "good things which have come into promi- nence during the past year are Tacsonia SmythianaX of Mr. Smyth, Basing Park Gardens, Alton ; Dracjena australis rubra of Mr. Elliott, Stourvale,Christchurch ; Anthurium Andreanum sanguineum of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. ; Utricularia Humboldtii and U. longifolia, imported by Messrs. Sander ; Tradescantia regina, and other pretty foliage plants introduced by Messrs. Linden ; Kniphofia pauciflora, a fine yellow species flowered at Kew, and K. Nelsoni, Mast. ; described in the Gardeners' Chronicle ; the extra- ordinary bi-generic hybrid, Urceocharis Clibrani, of Messrs. Clibran, Altrincham, also figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle ; Streptocarpus Galpinii from Kew, Cyrtanthus Tuckii and C. Galpinii, and a number of others, of which more will be known by next year. Among other attempted introduc- tions should be noted Trichodesma physaloides, figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 363, vol. xi., which would make a fine garden plant, but of the thousand imported, probably not half-a-dozen plants are now alive. Half Habdy and Habdt Flowees. Nemesia strumosa, the fine strain of which, with its varied colours, ranging from cream-white to orange-scarlet and crimson, was so generally admired when it was so well exhibited by Messrs. Sutton & Son of Reading, is a most valuable introduction, for it is a plant easy to cultivate, free to flower, and of brilliant colours. Come chiefly from the raisers of garden varieties, of these there has been a great show of Pffioniea from Messrs. Dicksons of Chester, Paul & Son, Ware and others, at the Chiswick Gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society on June 14, when there was a good general show of flowers for the open garden. Carnations, always favourites, continue to be raised by Mr. Charles Turner of Slough with unvaried success ; last year, specially good being the varieties King of Scarlet and Salamander, and Picotees Nellie Bath, Old Coin, Duchess of Sutherland, and Mrs. Arthur Barrett. Messrs. Pearson of Chilwell showed a good thing in Carnation Acme ; as were Carnation George Fry, shown by Messrs. John Laing & Sons ; C. Mrs. A. Hemsley, and C. Cyril by Mr. H. B. May, and C. Baronne Rothschild, and Mrs. Leopold Roths- child— all good things in their different sections. Messrs. Dobbie & Co., Rothsay, Fife, N.B., con- tinue to work wonders with their rich strains of Violas, French Marigolds, and the other popular flowers to which they give special attention ; and Messrs. Kelway are successful as ever with Gladioli, Delphiniums, Gaillardias, &c. By the way, a pretty thing was flowered by the Rev. W. Wilks, cf Shirley Vicarage, Croydon, and the Rev. E. Ark- wright, in Gladiolus byzantinus albus, a white form of the favourite garden Gladiolus. Janoaev 14, 1893 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 53 To enumerate the new Chrysanthemums, Dahlias, &c,, would be a very heavy task. Suffice it, there- fore, to say, that good progress is shown in all classes, and the garden work of 1892 gives a very good account of itself, although we should have liked to have had more really distinct and new hardy trees and shrubs, and flowering shrubs for the open ground put in an appearance. Among novelties and uncommon plants illustrated in the Gardeners' Chronick in 1892, are : — Athyrium f.-f. revolvens, September 10, p. 301. Cyrtanthus Tackii, August 6, p. 155. Emmenantha pendaliflora, March 12, p. 3.30. Humulus japonicus variegatns, October 8, p. 429. Iris Lortetii, August 6, p. 153. Kniphofia Nelsoni, April 30, p. 561. Kniphofia pauci8ora, .July 16, p. 65. Nemesia cynanchifolia, for comparison, p. 276. Nemesia strumosa vars., September 3, p. 277. Nepenthes stenophylla, March 26, p. 401. Rhododendron balsamiDicSorum, December 21, p. 760. Rhododendron racemosum, July 16, p. 63. Streptocarpaa Galpini, January 30, p. 130. Tacsonia Smythiana x, December 10, p. 701. Thrinax Morrisii, January 2.3, pp. 112, 113. Tradeecantia regina. May 28, p. 699. Trichodesma physaloides, March 10, p .31)3. Urceocharis Clibrani X, August 20, p. 215. Watsonia iridifolia O'Brienii, July 16. p. 63. Fruit Register. APPLE JAMES GRIEVE. This new dessert Apple was sent out a few year* ago by Messrs. Dickson & Co., Edinburgh, and named after their manager, to whose skill as a raiser of new fruits (especially Apples) it bears good testi- mony. As grown here upon the broad-leaved para- dise stock, it has proved excellent in regard to quality and productiveness. The fruit resembles Cox's Orange Pippin in flavour, and the rich colour- ing of the flesh ; but, it is considerably larger, and of a more conical form, and after being gathered for a few weeks, assumes a much brighter colour. Season from September to January, forming a fitting link between the early autumn Apples and KIbston Pippin. The tree is a vigorous and healthy grower, and without, so far as my observations go, any dis- position to canker, which affects Cox's very badly in some parts. The variety will in time be much •ought after, and prove to northern growers of equal value to Cox's in the south. James Day, Gallowai/ House Gardens, Garliestown. Nursery Notes. Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son. The Paradise and Victoria Nurseries of Messrs. Williams never fail to reveal some features of interest, some plant or flower that is rare or beautiful, and shall we say " old," that has found. a refuge here, and there- fore stands a chance of resurrection some day. Amongst plants in flower, mention must be made of Eucharis Candida which has the merit of flower- ing leally well in small pots, 48'», every bulb pro- ducing a flower-spike. The bulbs are some of an importation, and are doubtless, well-matured, hence their general floriferousness. Eucharis Sanderiana is almost the equal of E. Candida in the latter attri- bute, and some flowers of it were observed nearly as large as those of E. amazonica, and, although it may he heresy to say it, with much more substance in the segments and tube, hence their dead white. The gorgeous inner-leaves of Nidularium (ulgens were making themselves visible. It is a pity this and other Bromeliada do not meet with more favour on this side of the water. Of Alocasias, beautiful iu their leaf-markings, though they are much neglected, here is one of the finest collections in the country in which to pick and choose from. The best of all Dracajnas for the table — dinner-table or other — and with great en- during powers, is D. gracilis, of which a nice stock was noticed. Dracaena CouUingi, an English seedling with green foliage, broad, and semi-erect, boldly striped and bordered with white, is a good plant — one of the best of its class, and still rare ; D. considens is a pendulous, narrow-leaved variety, with narrow leaves 2 feet long — very pretty. Another enduring house-plant is Kaphis humilis, a very graceful Palm, with the hardiness of Chamierops humilis ; a perfect miniature plant, with true well- developed leaves, standing not more than 1 foot high, A plant which is sure to take the popular fancy, is Poinsettia pulcherrima, with leaves margined with a broad irregular band of a yellow colour ; the flowers and bracts being normal. Of Orchids in flower, mention may be made of those of which the fogs have spared the bloom, and HoUoway, although situated on our northern heights, can boast of as bad a description of fog as Southwark. Odontoglossum superbissimum is a very starry flower, with some redeeming brown patches, and rather narrow sepals and petals. We opine that Orchid naming needs revision in face of our latter-day acquisitions, the superbuma and superbissimums of forty or fifty years ago being now of small account We observed some choice types of U. crispum are abuut to open their flowers ; also of O. Chestertoni in some numbers, flowers were open of the new cross-bred Cypripedium Adonia, C. Spicerianum x llarrisia- num, and of C. Pitcherianum, in which the parentage is the same, but reversed. The latter is a fine showy, strong-growing variety, and both have pleasing tints and markings. Nice plants of C wnanthum superbum were in bloom, C. Williarasi opening theirs ; whilst those of C. Measuresianum, which are almost of an orange-yellow when mature, were going off. The pretty C. amandum of Mr. Hull's intjoduction was nicely in bloom ; it is very prettily spotted on the petals. C. Eitchianum was flowering freely, as is its wont, and also C. Mor- ganix, of which it is rare that a plant is not found with some blooms upon it. Of others we may mention C. politum and C. llarrisiunuin. The fog had spared eom'S flowers of Lielia aucepa Stella and li. a. Sander's var., almost the loveliest things there. The white form of Odontogloesum Kossi, named albens, bad still a few flowers left — a delicate little bloom, but we prefer the type. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. Enquiry. '* He tfiat 'jucsttoncth muck shall learn mtwA."— BacoK. BUKDKMEVEU, BOOS, SCIIOLL. These collectors were despatched to various parts of America, and the two latter also to the Cape, io 17*3— 17''<5, by the Emperor Joseph U., to collect plants and other objects of natural history. Their comings and goings are known, but little is known of the plants introduced by them. Scholl is said to have returned from the Cape with very large col- lections, and amongst them numerous succulents. Any further information regarding the jilanta intro- duced by these collectors will be welcome to l''ua. dc lUnai. Markets. COJ'ENT GARDICN. January 12. Mabkkt still quiet, with good supplies. Prices generally unaltered. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. iQK Wholesale Prices. i.d.t.d. Ferns, biuall, per 100 .^ 0- 8 0 FicuB elastics, each 18-76 Hyacinths, doi, pot» 8 O-l^i U ' Marguerite, per doz, 6 0-12 0 Mignonette, doz pots 6 0-12 0 j Palms, various, each 2 O-IO 0 I — specimens, eachlO tt-84 0 Solanums, per doz. 9 0-12 0 Tulips, p«r doz. pot.'i 6 0-90 Plants in Pots.— Aver t.d. i.d. A/Jilea, per iloz J I U 42 U Adiuntiun, per doz. 6 0-12 0 Aapidiatra, per doz. ,5 0-30 0 — Bpecimen, each 7 6-21 0 Chryaanthemuii a.do£ 4 0-12 U Cynlameo. do/. 9 0- 18 U Oyp»*ru8, per dozen 4 O-IO 0 Dracwua. eiich 1 0- ft 0 Krica, various doz. 9 0-13 0 Ferns, variouB doz. 4 0-90 t.d. I.d. Apples, p. half-sievel 0-3 6 — Nova Scotia, per barrel 10 0 17 6 Cobs, per 100 lb.... 120 0 125 0 Grapes, per lb. ... 0 6- 2 6 ..d. t.d. 12 0- 20 0 Lemons, per cbhw ...i^ v- ^.u v Pine-apples, St. Mi- chael 4 0-60 OraoKes. Florida, per case 10 0-16 0 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Pbices. t.d. t.d. $.d. t.d. 4 0-80 Daffodil. double, doz. blooms ... 1 0- 1 6 — single do, ... 13-30 MigDonetie. 12 bun, 3 0-60 Narciss, various, French, doz. bun. 4 0-60 Pelargonium, scarlet, per 12 bun. 6 0-12 0 12 sprays ... 10-16 Poinsettias, per doz. bloomi 4 0-90 la. double ... 0 6- 1 0 Arum, per doz. bl Bouvardias, per bun. 0 9-10 Carnations, 12 blms. 2 0-40 Chrysanihemums, p. doz. blooms 1 6* 3 0 — p. doz. bunches 4 0-15 0 Cj'clamen, doz. blms. 0 6-09 Eucharis, per dozen 4 0-60 Gardenia, per dozen 6 0-12 0 Heliotrope, per doz. sprays 0 6 0 9 Hyacinth, Roman doz. sprays 0 6-10 Roses, Tea, per dozen 20-40 Lilac 1 spikes ... 3 0- vhite French, per bunch 4 0-50 Lilium Harrisii, doz. 8 0-lU 0 Lily of the Valley. do/, sprays 0 6-10 Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bunches ...40-80 Marguerite, per doz. bunches 4 0-60 Mimo^.Fiench.buu. 10-20 Orchids:— Cattleya, 12 blms. 6 0-12 0 Odontoglossum crispum, 12blm8. 2 0-60 coloured, dozen 3 0-60 — yellow (Mare- chal8),per doz. 4 0-90 — red, perdozen... 10-20 — (French) p. doz. 16-40 Tuberose, 12 blms. U 9- 1 6 Tulips, red, doz. bm. 0 6-09 — white, doz blm. 16-30 — yellow.doz blm. 16-20 Violets, ParmeFrench per bunch 5 0-70 — Czar, French, per bunch 3 0-50 — small French, p. doz. bunches 3 0-60 Orchid-bloom in variety not in quantity. Vegetables. — Average Retail Prices. t.d. I.d. t.d. t.d. Beans, French, lb 10-16 Mushrooms, punnet 2 0- Beet, red, per dczeu 2 0-30 Mustard and Cress, Carrots, per bunch.,. 0 4-06 punnet 0 4- ... Caulillowers, each... 0 3-06 Parsley per bunch... 03-06 Cucumbers, each ... 0 9-16 Seakule, per basket... 2 6- ... Kndive, per dozen ... 2 0-30 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 9-10 Tomatos, per lb. ... 06-10 Lettuces, per doz. ... 16-20 Turnips, per bunch.,. 04-06 POTATOS. The weather being more favourable, farmers are loading freely, and stock is increasing. Prices still continue firm, liest samples, Q)s. to 100s.; ordinary kinds, 65s. to 60s. J. Ji. Thomas. I^EDS. London; Jan. II.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, Seed Mer- chants, of Great Maze Pond, Borough, London, S.E.. write that there is now more business doing in seeds. Increased attention is being given to samples oC German Red. French Clovers are, of course, this season <|uite out of the running. Prices from America come very strong. Alsyke (White) and Trefoil unchanged. Rye-grasses tend upwards. For Peas and Haricots there is an improving inquiry. Spring Tares con- tinue very cheap. Canary seed is dearer. There is no change in Hempseed. Mustard and Rapesecd keep tirin, l.ineeed steady. The Board of Trade Returns just issued give the im- ports into the United Kingdom (or the put year of Clover and grass seeds as 297,323 cwt., value, £)35,135 ; as agiinst 2.36,92) cwt., value, £i.S!.9;7. for 1S91. FBTTITS AITD VEGETABLES. BuROUdir, Jan. 10.— Quotations ;— Cabbages, ,3s. to .3.1. M. ; Savoys, As. per tally; Caulillowers. \s. to 2s. per dozen; Spinach, Is. *^d. to 2s. per bushel ; Sprouts, Is. \\d. to 'is. per half-sieve; Carrots, 2s. erf. to 3s.; Turnips. U. M.; Parsley, 4s. per dozen bunche.s; English Onions, Ss. to 7s.; Dutch do. 5s. to 6s. per cwt.; Horseradish, Is. frf. to Is. iirf. per bundle; English Apples, 2.'. M. to 10s. per bushel. Sl'iTAI.KlKLDS: Jan. 10.— Quotations :—Collards, 2s. to .3s.; Savoys, is. to Bs. ; Cauliflowers, 8s. to IDs. per tally; Curly Kale, Is. to Is. id. per bushel; Sprouts, Is. id. to 2s. per half-sieve; Turnip-tops. 2s. to 2s. id. per sack; Seukale, Is. id. per punnet; Greens. 2s. to 3s.: Turnips, 2s. id. to 3s. ; Carrots. 2s. to 3s. ; Parsley, 3s. to 4s. jier do/.en buuclipa ; Parsnips, 8(/. to lOrf. per score ; Celery, Is. tols. .3(<. ; Horse- radish, Is. id. to Is. W. per bundle; Beetroot, Is. to Is. id. ; Cucumbers, frame. 3s. to 6s. ; Leeks, Is. id. to 2s. per dozen ; English Onions, 7s. to 8s. per cwt.; Spanish do., is. to 8s. per case; Belgian and Dutch do.. 5s. to 6s. per bag of 110 lb. ; bag Turnips. 2s. id. per bag ; English Apples, '2s. id. to (is. id. per bushel; American do., IDs. to I7s. per barrel; Tomatos. foreign. Is. to Is. 6* - Is 3^ i !i la i I .a 1 a ■ S 5 *t s ^a ->l m S~>^ •i**-*^ ^ s »*^ < B Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths deg. deg. deg. deg. Inch, Ins. 0 10 — 0 95 — 7 + 65 11 — 4 0-3 13 13 1 10 — 0 106 - 6+ 65 3 — 5 0-4 7 7 2 10 — 0 95 - 6|+ 68 1 — 5 0-4 21 21 3 12 - 0 111 - 9 + 68 1 — 6 0-4 18 18 4 12 — 0 117 — 10 + 73 2 — 3 0-4 18 18 6 13 — 0 108 — 11 + 79 4 — 2 0-2 23 23 6 10 — 0 85 - 8 + 55 U — 4 0-2 18 18 7 10 — 0 83 - 9 + 58 5 — 4 0-2 21 21 8 10 — 0 73 - 14 + 64 T- 2 0-3 23 23 9 8 — 0 70 — 14 + 47 3- 4 0.5 16 16 10 7 - 0 60 - 20 + 35 5 + 4 1-6 15 15 I 8 — 0 41 — 23+ 32 1 + 4 0-9 20 20 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following :^ 0, Scotland, N. Principal '\^f heat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, E.; 2, England, N.E. ; 3, England, E. ; 4, Midland Counties; 6, England, S. Principal Grazing, ^c. Districts— S, Scotland, W. ; 7, England, N.W. ; 8, England, S.W. ; 9, Ireland, N. ; 10, Ireland, S. ; (* Channel Islands.) THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending .January 7, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather continued very cold and wintry all over the Kingdom ; occasional falls of snow occurred in Great Britain and over the northern parts of Ireland, while in the south of Ireland the conditions, after being tine and dry, became very rainy. Over the inland parts of England some dense fogs were experienced. " The temperature was again very low, the deficit ranging from 7° in ' Ireland, S.,' and 8° in ' Ireland, N.,' and the ' Channel Islands,' to 10° in most other districts, to 12° in ' England, E.' and the ' Midland Counties,' and to 13° in ' England, S.' The highest of the maxima were registered on rather irregular dates, and varied from 48° in the extreme south- western districts to '.ib° in the ' Midland Counties.' At several of the inland English stations the daily maxima were below 32° throughout the whole period. The lowest of the minima were recorded during the middle part of the week, when the thermometer fell to — 2° in ' Scotland, E.' (at Braemar), to + 2° in ' Scotland, N.' (at Fort Augustus), to 5° in the ' Midland Counties,' 7° in ' England, S.W.,' and 8° in ' England, N.E. and E.,' in most other districts the minima ranged from 10° to 14°, but in ' England, N.W.,' the lowest reading wasl8°, andinthe ' Channel Islands,' 20°. " The rainfall was more than the mean in ' Ire- land, S.' and the ' Channel Islands,' but less in all other districts. " The bright sunshine was rather less than the mean in Ireland and the east of Scotland, but above it in most of the English districts. The percentage of the possible duration ranged from 23 in ' England, S. and S.W.' to 13 in ' Scotland, N.,' and 7 in ' Scot- land, E.' " Notices to Correspondents. To OUR Eeadebs. — The Editor begs have to solicit from the readers and contributors to the Gardeners' Chronicle : — Short Practical Aotes on Cultural Matters ; Early Intelligence of Local News likely to be of general interest ; Notes and Memoranda useful to the trade ; Specimens of Nev: or Interesting Plants, Fruits, ?^c.; Drawings or Photographs of Gardens, Trees, Flowers, ^c, and which if suitable for reproduction will be utilised so far as possible. Chetsanthemdm Exhibitors : W. W. The paragraph referred to was received from the secretary of the society. Conifers ; A. P. These trees must be lifted by means of a lifting-transplanting machine, if the ball weigh more than half a ton. The soil con- taining the roots should be moved in a solid mass, and unless this can be done with large specimens, they will not succeed. No cutting of the branches is necessary or advisable. The removal of large trees is dlliicult, and should be carried out under experienced guidance. EuCHABis, EiGnr-pETALLED: H. B. Such speci- mens, although quite abnormal, are not rare. It may be attributed perhaps to uncommon luxuriant growth, or to the union of two flowers. Glass : Chrysanthemum. We cannot recommend dealers ; the task would be very invidious. Con- sult our advertising columns. Hardy Annuals, Useful foe Table Decoration, AND FOE Sowing near the Sea : A. P. Chrysan- themum tricolor Burridgeanum, Sweet Peas, in dis- tinct colours ; Adonis, Calandrinia speciosa, Cal- liopsis Drummondi, C. tinctoria, C. bicolor atro- sanguinea, Candytuft, various colours ; Clarkia pulcherrima, and others ; Dianthna Heddewegii, Erisymum Peroffskianum, Escholtzia in variety; Godetia Lindleyana, G. Lady Albemarle, G. Wit- neyii, Leptosiphon densiSorus, L. aureus, Linum grandiflorum rubrum. Poppies in variety. Imported Pancratiums : K. K. As red spider and mealy bug are likely to be on the bulbs, first remove the more loose coatings, but do not expose the bulb ; especially clear them away about the neck of the bulb, dusting snuff into the crevicta, or dip in a safe insecticide, or fumigate with nicotine cones, &c. Having done what is needful in this way, prepare some clean pots that will just hold each oulb by carefully crocking tliem, putting some rough loamy siftings to the depth of 1 inch over the crocks. For a potting soil use sandy, sifted loam three-quarters, with one-quarter leaf mould in a fine state, and snfiicient sand to make the compost porous. Pot the bulbs to about two-thirds of their height below the surface, and pot firmly, leaving plenty of space for water. No water will be needed before the bulbs start, and they may be stood on.a shelf in a greenhouse or frost-proof pit till February or March, when it will be time to start them ; making up a hot-bed of hard tree leaves, covered with leaf-mould, plunge the pots in this when the bed has acquired a bottom heat of 85° to 90° ; maintain a top heat of 60° to 70°, the lower figure at night ; and never quite close the frame all night. Afford no water till the leaves have been made 3 or 4 inches long, and only then if the soil be dry. As the season ad- vances afford more air by day, shutting up about half-past 3 p.m. alter damping them, or the surface of the bed. Lift the pots occasionally to prevent too early rooting into the soil ; and if the leaves touch the glass, raise the frame on bricks put under the corners. Once well rooted they may remain where they have grown, or be placed in a warm pit, for the foliage to ripea. Store in winter in a dry, moderately warm place, Names of Fruits: Neptune. 1 and 3, Lord Derby ; 2, Dumelow's Seedling. — J. G. I, Blenheim Orange Pippin ; 2, not known ; 3, Round Winter Nonsuch ; 4, Cox's Orange Pippin ; 5, Rosemary Russet; 6, not known; 7, King of the Pippins; 8, not known ; 9, Keddleston Pippin ; 10, Hol- landbury. Names of Plants : J. M, Asplenium rhizophyllum. — W. 0. 1, Lffllia furfuracea ; 2, Tillandsia psittacina ; 3, Davallia Tyermanni; 4, Nipho- bolus lingua. — J. B. 1, Draca;na amabilis ; 2, Croton angustifolius var. ; 3, C. angustifolius maculatus ; 4, C. Disraeli ; 5, C. variegatus. — W. R. Stanhopea Wardiana, probably, judging from your description and the" photo sent. Orange with Seeds Outside : J. D. Some mal- formation, to which Oranges are particularly subject. Pine-shoot Dying at thb Tips: B. L. The injury to the Pines is caused by the Pine-beetle, Hylur- gus piniperda (see fig. 11). The insect causes some damage to Conifers by burrowing beneath the old bark in forming a breeding-place ; but the mature insects do much more by perforating the tender shoots 1 inch or more from the end for food and shelter. In the case of small trees, man; beetles might be caught in October and November in the manner weevils are caught, i.e., by spreading a white cloth below an affected tree without in the least disturbing it, and having done this, give the stem a smart rap, when many of the beetles will fall on to the cloth. By repeating this work at short intervals, many of the mature beetles can be caught. The injured tips should be col- lected in the summer, or cut off later, allowing Fig. 11.— 1, 3, Pine shoots pierced by beetles; 3, 4, Pine beetle, natural size and, magnified; E, E, jaws; F, G, chin, with feelers, &c. them to fall into a deepish bag, and carried away and burnt. Where large trees are concerned, not much can be done beyond removing thinnings, bark felled Pine-wood in which the insect can form breeding tunnels, and burn them forthwith. Traps may be made, says Westwood, by placing, in the month of May, a young Pine trees, cut in the previous January, not earlier, against the stems of standing timber. In these the beetles will bore their galleries and lay eggs, and afterwards these traps may be collected and burnt. Profitable Feuit Ghowing : M, K. Money is to be made at the business by wideawake cultivators with ready markets, but it is not a lucrative business, and we are unable to say how much money you might " save " annually. The capital at your disposal should not be less than £50 per acre, for you will have to wait several years before there are any appreciable returns from the trees and bushes, although expenses might be met in great part by the various annual undercrops of Strawberries, bulbs, &c. Communications Received. — A. Hope. — Alfred A. Lee, quite unsuited ior the Gardeners' Chroniclc—W. '^\\\\&m- son.- W. R.— E. M — H. M.— G. T. M.— D. Mariano Vergara, Madrid.- C. B.. Brussels.- B. D. J.— National Rose Society. — D. L. — Dundee Horticultural Association. — O. T., Wands- beck.— M. C. C— E. S., Oxford.— W. S., Carshalton.— H. W. W.— G. S. S.— J. O'B.- R. McL.— F. W. B.— A. W. K. —J. G. B.— M. F.— J. R. .1.— G. W. B.— Dickson's.— J. S.— M. E.— H. J. V,—Lord K.—W.W.—Vagaboua.— Stuart & Mein.— H. .1. Veitch.— W, K.— A. P.-W. W. P.— W. J. S. — F. C. H.— W. Beckett.- M. S.— H. N. Ridley.— J. K.— H. J. 3.—W. E.— G. G.— B, C— F. J.— J. M.— H. W. W.— H. M.— E. M. — T. B. W,— R. M.— B. W.— D. K.— C. E. B., Port Elizabeth, S. Africa.— J. B.— D. T. F.— J. J. W.— T. H. S., Oodeypore.- A. D.— Wild Rose.- E. C— Emi- grants' Information Office. — W. J. T. Photographs Received, WrrH Thames.— W. B, H., Cork. Specimens RecbivsP.— Stwart & Mein. Jantabt 14, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 55 AUTOMATIC DAMPER FOR GREENHOUSES. Dr. GEORGE WALKER, Inventor of Chrysanthemum Cup Tubes, Wimbledon, 9a>'3: — " I have used your Automatic Damper for some weeks, and am perfectly satisfied with it. A most ingenious and useful invention." Mr. H. J. JONES, Hither Green, Lewisham, who uses the Damper in a house 100 feet long, says : — " I find this damper is in every way economical. Its saves both fuel and labour, and keeps the hous« at a more even and better temperature." PATENT AUTOMATIC DAMPER CO., 97, FLEET STBEET, LONDON, E.C. FIR-TREE OIL SOLXTBLE INSECTICIDE. The most pleasant and reliable of all insecticides for destroy- ing insects on plants, animals, and birds. Thousands of testimonials received from all parts of the world. Bottles, Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., 4s. 6d., 7s. <6d.. and 12s. 6tf. ; in bulk. lis. per gallon, with full directions for use. Wholesale from all Horticultural Dealers. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Victoria St.. HTANCHESTER. NEW YORK-ROLXER and SONS. LE FRUITIER The Specialty for Vine Culture. Ai/ain thf Most Siicce.'!.' IS' PRIZE BOILER HOY/U. HORTICULTURAL SOCIEIYS SROW JUNE 3 (If ,1000 ft. Price £15 Calculated to 1280 21 „.t ■ ■- T-r^„ ' ""^nn 32 as follows :— 4000 60 Wooo 85 FHONT ELLEVAT 01. LO ICIT uai NAL SECTION CROSS 5£EI ION Sizes & Prices, including Sole-Plate, Grate-Bars Fire Door, Dampers, & one Flow and one Return, complete. Boilers. Width. Length. Heioht 1 I-ennth of 4-inch Piping ^o^e^^- 1 calculated to heat Price. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. feet. £ J. d. B IB by ,-! 0 by 2 0 600 16 0 0 C 1 9 by ;) B by 2 0 800 22 0 0 D 1 y by 4 0 bv 2 2 1100 29 0 0 E 2 0 by 4 6 by 2 4 1400 36 0 0 F 2 3 by 5 0 by 2 B 1760 43 0 0 G 2 6 by 5 B by 2 6 2000 50 0 0 H 2 9 by « 0 by 2 « 2600 60 0 0 I ,30 by 6 « by 2 6 3000 70 0 0 TESTIMONIALS. Re HEATING APPARATUS. Borough Engineer's Office, Municipal Buildiogs, Leeds. January 9, 1888. ME91.H9. THUS. GREEN AND SON. Lti>., NORTH STREET, LEEDS. ^ Gentlemen, — I have great plt'asure in bearing; testimony to the efficiency and satisfactory workhig of the Hot-water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings. The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of abouA 28,000 feet of piping in them, varying in size from li in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections, &c. The several offices :ind rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the colde.st weather. Two of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers, No. 4, work the whole of this piping easily, although we have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the cousumption of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am. Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Engineer. Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November lOth, 1886. Gentlemen, — The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me laat ye^ir is doing its work satisfactorily; it is heating 6000 feet of 4-inch pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite sure that it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers. I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of tleir heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel. M-ESblW. THUS. GREEN AND SON, Ltd., LEEDS. Yours faitlifully, (Signed) G. W. BASHFORD. And HUNDREDS OF OTHEil BSFEBENCE^ CAN BS CUVEN IF 2CEUT7IKED. Jasiakv 14, 1893; THE GAUDENERS' CHnoNlCLE. 57 AGENTS WANTED, for the SALE of NATIVE GCANO. The best and cheapest manure for aU Farm and Garden Crops.— The NATIVE GUANO CO., LIMITED. 29, New Uridg.- Street, Blackfriars, London. E.C. To NuTseirmen and Seedsmen. WANTED, the above to TRY SPENCER'S NEW FISa GL'ANO. Can be used drj- or dissolved in water, a special advantage. Analysis, 8 to 12 per cent, ammonia. Address, I. SPENCER. Fish Guano Manufacturer, Spring Street, Hull, Yorks. A genuine article, no mixture. CBEESON'S MANURE— The best • Fertiliser for all purposes. Demand increasing weekly. One trial will prove its value. Pure Bones any size, raw or dissolved, 8j. per cwt. Writ«forpartiCQlar3.— C. BEE30N, The Bone Mills. St. Neofs. Hunts. BONES ! BONES ! ! BONES I '. ! Any size from duat to 1 inch. Dissolved Bone Compouml. for Top-dressing. All at 10*. per cwt.; less quantity. \^d. per Jb. Carnage paid on 1 cwt. Terms, Cash with Order. Special quoiatioDS for large Buyers. B. S. WILES AND CO., Bone Crushers, St. Albans. ECONOMICAL SAFE-LASTING USE CLAY'S MANURES V A V** Having the ro- „. _ ^ 'J' spect.ve* Trade ,CCUyj. »» ». Mark print*-*! on ^ _ "^ *' I nftif^MKi'^ each packet and -n LONDON^ bag. and im- IN VI TOR *t\ /, - pressed on the ^^ A^ lead seal ~>|t\U attached t<. 1h.* ' ■" mouth of • 1 li TRADE MARK. ''^'<' "'''^'' " v.i^BE. MARK. THE ONLY GUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS. These well-known Manures are u»ed by the Leading Growers, Roynl Ilotanic Society, Royal Horticultural Society, Koyal Parks. Loudon County Council, throughout the United Kingdom, and in every quarter of the Globe. Sold by Seedsmen. Fiorisla. and Nurserymen, in 6d. and 1« rackttiP, and SEALED BAGS. 7 11'. Ulb. 281b. 561b. 112 1b. 2a. 6d. 4b. 6d. 78. 6d. 128. Od. 208. Or direct from the Works, in iB. PACKETS. Post free, or Bags of either size. Carriage Paid ^«» sanipbl. in the United Kingdom for Cash with order as above. Prices and Samples of CRUSHED BOMBS in Various Sizes on Application. CLAY & SON, Manare UanufactiiTerp, Bone Crusbers, &c , TEMPLE MILL LANE, STRATFORD, LONDON. E. PATENT SILICATE MANURE. J>re'is Yuur I'.arhj I'lne/! iiith it noir. "Maidstonk, Avrjust ]3, 181(2. " We used it on car Vines, and, although wo had prepared thtin with other stimulants la.st season, we attribute the best crop we have ever had to the use of your Manure— the berries are grand. " (Signed) GEO. BUN YARD & CO." PBICFM m SACKS, .IT WORKS- 10s. per Cwt. ; £2 per l-Ton ; £3 16s. per J -Ton ; £7 per Ton. Addiiess— THE CHEMICAL WORKS, HEMEL HEMPSTEAD, HERTS. / \1!('IIII) I'lOAT; Best Quality; BROWN yj miKl ills PKAT for Slove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODKNUKON and AZALKA PEAT. Samples and Prices of WALKER i.ND CO., Farnborough, Hants. WRIGHT & HOLMES. Iliuitratcd Price lis: /,;, . :. ^j.j. ,:a::<>n to WRIGHT & HOLMES, Horlicultural Builders & Hot-«a'er Apiaratus Eogiaeers, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINCHAM. JAS. BOYD & SONS, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every 'g BuihtingH of I description. lUustratcd Circulari Fost-free. Complete Catalogue, Ss. RUSSIA MATS. REDUCTION IN PRICE. "FRICIDOMO" CANVAS. BEST, HEAVIEST, and FULL SIZE: ARCHANGEL MATS, 10». per bundle of ten, or 00s. per 100. NEW TAGANROG MATS, 8ji. per bundle of ten, or TOjj. per 100. NEW PETERSI'.LJRG MATS, rit. per bundl.- of tni, iir ir,s. per 100. BEST I'l.AITKI) KAI'FIA I'll'.UE, C,/. p.-r lb. HORTICULTURAL SUNDIIIES OF EVERY KIND. FillCI-;:* PoST-FKKK OV Al'I'LICATlos. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 13.-) & 1:37, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E. Made of prepared Hair and Wool, a perfect protection to all Plants & Blooms. Cheaper than any kind of mat, and will last for ypars. To bf had from all Nursery- men nnil S'Pdsmen. For Price list a particulars Address* RENJAMIN|;'DGINGTON U SOOKE ST KA London B/i/oaB FOR PICTURESQUE ROCKWORK In OARUHN.S, CON.SKliVATOKlE.S, KKKNKKIK.S, LAKKS, WAIKKKAI.LS, &c., also for TKRRA OOTTA KOUNTAINS, KEUBINQ, VASES, ftc, try PULHAM & SON, 50, Finsbury Sq., E.C. WARE and S ON S' .„.x,,K FLOWER POTS -" TUK SUSHKX VUTTEltY WORKS, UCKFIELD. Quotations given for ([uantities. Carriage paid to any Tbe Best Railway station. are Cheapest. SAMPLES and LISTS FREE. Crates packed. DAVIDSON'S ANTI-GAME COMPOSITION For the Protection of Trees from the attacks of Ground Game in Hard Weather, is acknowledged as most efficacious ; Harm- less to the Trees, easily applied ; Effective and luexpenaive. Full particulars on application to — DICKSONS', Royal Nurseries, Chester. The Original and Onlu Makers of the GENUINE RIVETED TRENTHAM BOILERS With SOLID ENDS. Also- Silvester's patentTrentham With Special Provision for Cleaning the Inside thoroughly (a Most Important Point). These Boilers, after long ex- perience, have proved them- selves the Most Efficient, Economical, and Lasting Boilers Every other kind of Boilers, Sockets, Flanges, and Eipan- sion- Joint Pipes and Fittings for all kinds of High and Low-Preasure Heating. FRED Silvester" & co., General Engineers, Pounders, and Boiler Makers, CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE. SAVE HALF THE COST. BEDFORDSHIRE COARSE AND FINE Isa.liiulted liy llu leading Nurser J inc to he the Best Qualltyoi.tauiiiii; Con should Buy Direct from (he Owner ot these Celebrated and Kileiisive I'lls, « hicli coiilnin a pmcliiallv in- exhaustible supply of Spl.Mi.lid Sand, and thus save luil'f Iht ordinary coit. NO TKAVEI.I.KKS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Kail or (.anal. All Oriiirs ,jr,;,ted u>ilh the utnwst promptness and wider personal siijirrrision. .Spirial Kiiil- wiiy Rates in force toall parts. All km. Is of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bug seiil on iippl teat ion to GEO. OARSIDE, Jun.,F.R.H.S., telghton Buzzard, Beds. BARB WIRE. CATALOGUES FREE OK lITLlCiTION TO The Lonqforo Wire Co. (LlMITKD). WARRINGTON. G A R DEN R E Q U I S I T B S.— Sticks Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats Canes . Rustic Work, M inures, ic. Cheapest Prices of- WATSON IN I. SCULL 90. Lower Thames Street. Lo idon.K.O. ''PIIE rUUlT OAHDKN of the UNIVERSE. X —THE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION COLONIES (Charfey Brothers), established ami regulated by Government, OFFER an enjoyable life and OCCUPATION, a sunny and salubrious climate, and most highly remunerative returns to Cultivators with small or large capital ; pamphlet free. CHAFFKY BROTHERS, Limited, .l.'i. Queen Victoria StreoC, London. E.C. J. E. M. Vincent, Chief Commissioner. FREE GRANTS of LAND in ('ANADA and BONUSKS to ACTUAL SETTLERS. \m Acres Guun to Settler.^ in Mnrntoba iind (he North- Wc^t Territories. LhiicI al»o granted free, or on advanUiKcous terms, in other Provinces— Ontario, Uritibh Columbiii, (^iieJjec, Novii Scotiu, N<'W BruuBwick, nnd Prince Kdward Islnnd.' Apply for maps, illustrated pamphlets, reports of tenant farmer deU'KHtes, &c., and full information reMpecting land regulations, bonuses, investment of capit*»l, demand for labour, va^es. cost of living, schools, marketiS, &c. (supplied grati.-i and poatrfreo), to the High Commissioner for Canada (Mr. J. O. COLMEK, Secretary). 17, Victoria Street, London, S.W. ; or to Mr. JOHN I>YKE, Canadian Government Ag-nt, 16, Water Street. Liverpool. ESTABLISHKD 1861. BIRKBECK BANK, SouTiiAMi'TON Buildings. CnANCicin- Lank, W.c. THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS repayable on demand. TWO per Cent, on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, on the minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS and SHARES purchased and sold. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thntr, t,lie iifuik receives small sums on deposit, and allows inl.rfsl. iil llie rate of THREh) PER CENT, per annum, on cimI, ( ..niplrf.-l £l. BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY. HOW TO IMIKCllASE A IIOI'SE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH. BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY. HOW TO IMJRCHASE A I'LOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH. The BIRKBECK AL.VIANACK, with full particulars, post- fr«e. FRANCIS KAVENSCROFT, Manager. 58 THE GARDENERS' GBRONIGLB. [Jastjabv 14, 1893. BREAKFAST-SUPPER E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA BOILING WATER OR MILK. Demy 8vo, 100 page; illi 14 Illustrations, 12s. 6rf. O DOROGRAPHI A, A Natural History of R,iw M.iterials and Drugs used in the Perfume Industry. Intended to serve Growers, Manufacturers and Con&umers. By J. CH. SAWER, F.L.S. GURNEY & JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Eow (Mr. VAX VooKST'.s Successors). GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. a. DRiPER, late Gardener at Caddington Hall, as Head Gardener to Mrs. S.MITH DORRIEN, Haresfoot Park, Great Berkhampsted, Herta. Mr. Gko. E. Weeks, for the last five years Foreman at Ted- wortli House Gardens, Marlborough, as Gardener to R. D. Cleasdy, Esq., Pennoyre, Brecon, Wales. Mr. Alexander Penhobwood, for the past S years Gardener at Stoke House. Bristol, as Gardener to P. D. PRANKERD, Esii., The Knoll, Sneyd Park, Bristol. Mr. F. SMITH, as Gardener to P. Attenrorough, Esij., Hayden Hill, Bushey, Herts. Mr. .T.iH>r Harri.shs, for the p.i9t 10 years Head Garc'ener at Thornycroft Hall, Cheshire, as Head Gardener to Major Storer. Parley Park, Reading. Berks. Mr. Alexander Yirr.E, l»te Head Gardener and Bailiff at The Fishery, Maidenhead, as Head Gardener and Estate Biilitf to the Hon. H. P. GORE Lan(1T0.'«, Hatch Park, Hatch Beauchamp, Taunton. Somersetshire. WANTED, a good SINGLE-HANDED GARDENER.— Assistance given. Must understand Vines and Conservatory. If single, to board in the house. Good character, and Churchman. State wages.— L. JAQUES, Horsenden House, Princes Risboro". WANTED, a married FOREMAN, without family, to live on the place, who mu:t be well up in House and Table Decorations, also in growing Grapes, Chrys- anthemums. &c.— Apply, by letter, with particulars, wages required, and copies of testimonials to W. F. S5IITH, Wyck Hill, Stow-on-the-Wold, Glos. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. i. p. AiiRAHAM. Tropical Plant Merchant, Colombo, Cejlon— Tropical Plants, Seeds, Bulb Tubers, &c. F. C. Heine.mann, Erfurt, Germany- General Seed Cata- logue. J. E. PEitsoN & Sons, Chilwell, Nottingham— Garden Seeds, Sundries, and Tools. W. Dru.mmoxd & So.\.s, Stirling-General Seed Catalogue. Feter HESDER30N & Co., 3.T and 37, Cortlandt Street, New York, U.S.A.— Manual of Everything for the Garden. Patent Silicate Manure Co., Chemical Works, Hemel Hempsteid, Herts. Jas. DieliSOX & Sons, 32, Hanover Street, Edinburgh— Vege- t'lble and Flower Seeds. William Fell & Co., Royal Seed Nursery, Heiham-Spring Seed Guide. Walter Little, Stafford and Lichfield— Seeds, &c. Henry Eckfobii, Wem, Salop— Sweet Peas, Culinary Peas, Vegetables and Flower Seeds. Heru & WvLLE, Naples, Italy— Trade List of Seeds. H. Cannell & Sons, Swauley, Kent-Kentish-growu Seeds. Fletcher, Doi-ulas & Johxeon, New Square, Chesterfield —General Seed Catalogue. Herd Bnos., 47, King Street, Penrith— Plants and Seeds. DiCKSONS &Co., 1. Waterloo Place, Edinburgh— Fruit Trees and Garden Seeds. John R. Box, Croydon — Tuberous Begonias, Gloxinias, Caladiums, and Achimenes. HuoH Low & Co., Clapton Nursery. London, N.E.— Trade List of Orchids. Palms, and Greenhouse Plants. To Gardeners and Others. PARTNER WANTED, to Help to Extend a Nurseryman and Florist's Business. Small capital reciuired. — H., care of Mr. Terry, Provision Merchant, Burgess Hill. XOEPTIONAL VACANCY occurs fm- PUPIL, when efficient to bs made Half-share Partner in Large Nurseries. Good Home. — Apply, for terms, which are moderate, to JACKSON, Nurseryman, Wilmington, Kent. MUSHROOMS.— WANTED, a MAN, who thoroughly understands Growing for Market. Must have held a similar situation, and have good reference. — Apply, stating wages, to M., 9, The Mall, Ealing. WANTED, as WORKING FOREMAN, a good PROPAGATOR, and one accustomed to Grow Cucumbers. Tomatos. and Plants for Market. Sober and steady. None but capable men need apply. State wages, with reference from last situation, and cause of leaving same, toT. OAK MAN, Scotland Green, Ponders End. WANTED, a good all-round MAN, to assist in a Florist Business. Must be well up in growing Eoses, and aiiustomed to grow Stuff for Market, with Nursery expedience State age, wages, and other particulars, to W. BANFIELD. Florist and Seedsman, Yeovil, Somerset. WANTED, MEN used to Fruit and Flower Growing under Glass. State wages required and previous experience to FOREMAN, Turnford Hall Nurseries, Broxbourne. Herts. Traveller for the Seed Trade. WANTED, a practical experienced Man, aged 3iJ to 40. Highest refereuces required. State fall particulars, where last employed and journeys taken. Ck I 40. Highest relercLces required, state «......, ..here lasl^ employed and journeys taken, iary wanted, and age. — Address by letter, O. S., Gardeners' icie Offic ana age. — Aouress Dy leLcer, u. o., u . 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a GARDENER, near London, Single and Single-handed, for Out-door work.— Must have first-class references for industry and capacity. — Address, ■with fullest possible particulars of previous engagements, age &c., to JARDIN, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. w ANTED, a young MAN, who has had perience in Growing Cut Flowers for Market. O ne with some knowledge of Stove Plants preferred. — Wages, 2l5. per week.- Apply, F. STAPLEY. Erith Road, ErUh, Kent. WANTED, a young MAN, who thoroughly understands growing Market Stuff, Cut Flower . &c. — Apply, stating wages, experience, &c., to WALTER LITTLE, Nurseryman, Stafford. 'I^T^ANTED, an industrious, trustworthy, V? young married MAN, well experienced in Fruit and Plant Culture. Good references reiiuired, Addres', stating age, and all particulars, GARDEHEK, Ivy Cottage , Craj ford Hill, Crayford, Kent. ^__ ANTED, TWO young MEN, at once, for Market Nursery. Quick at Potting and Watering. Good character indispensable. Apply, with references, to E. CUKRY, West Green Nursery, Tottenham. WANTED, a JOURNEYMAN, accustomed to Fruit-houses.— Wages. 16s , bothy, &c.— Apply, by letter only, tj J. H. GnoDACKE. Elvaston. Derbyshire. ANTED, ONE or TWO Young MEN, as I.VIPRUVERS in an Orchid Grower's Establishment. Bothy found. -Apply, TURNER. SMITH AND CO., Ulceby. Lincolnshire. WANTED, a young MAN. — One thoroughly experienced iu growing Cucumbers for Market. Wages, 20s. per week. Apply, with particulars, to H. W. STEVENSON, Keddington Rd. Nurseries. Louth. Lincolnshire. WANTED, Two young Men, having had experience in Growing Plants and Flowers for Sale. --Apply, ROBERT iEATHERSTONE, St. Anne's Nursery, Kirkstall, Leeds. WANTED, a young Man, aged about 'I'^, with good experience in Plant Growing and House Decoration. Wages. £1 per week : no bothy.— Apply, HEAD O.AKDENER. Reeves. Chipstead, Surrey. ANTED, a strong willing GARDEN BOY, one with some knowledge preferred. Wages. 6s. per week, with board and lodging.— Apply to J. SEARS, The Gardens, Whalton Manor, Notts. WANT PLACES. TO GARDENERS AND OTHERS SEEKING SITUATIONS. Advertisers are cautioned against liaring Ittiers addressed to initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened l)y the aidimriticB and returned to the sender. The pnxsvre iqjon our space at this season of the year is so great, we are compelled to state tiiat aJvertisMienis received after 6 P.M. on Will itesday will, in all pirohahility, he held over to the next iveek. F SANDER AND CO. can recommend • several highly qualified and energetic HEAD and UNDER GARDENERS, of excellent character, and proved ability: men thorouglily fitted for all the various duties of their profession. For all particulars, please apply to— F. SANDER AND CO., St. Albans. GARDENERS. — Our complete and extensive register of GARDENERS OPEN FOR ENGAGEMENT is at the service of any Lady or Gentleman wishing to secure theiservicesoftrustworthyreliable men.— DICKSONS AND CO., 1, Waterloo Place. Edinburgh. Established over a Century. GARDENER (Head) ; age 35, married.— Mr. W, SwAX. Gardener and Steward to J. P; Bryce, Esq , Bystock, Exmouth, can with every ponfidecce recom- mend a thoroughly practical man, conversant with the requirements of a large establishment and all things pertain- ing to Horticulture. First-class Orchid Grower and General Plantsrann. Highest pos';ible character. GAHDENER (Head) ; age 30.— J. Dumble, Gardener to Sir Charles Philipps, Bart., Picton Castle, Haverfordwest, is desirous of recommending his General Fore- msCn, H. Butcher, to any La^y or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly competent man. He has a good knowledge of the different branches of Gardening, is well acqaaidted with the Cultivation of F*uit (Indoorand Out), Flowers and Vegetables, is also a good hand at Table Decorations. GARDENER (Head), where three or four are kept.— Age 33, married, no family. Eighteen years' experience. Six years' good character. Vine?, Cucumbers, Melons, Flower and Kitchen Garden.— GEO. GOODSELL. The Gardens, Hazelwood, Morden. Surrey. GARDENER (Head) ; age 32.— J. Ander- son, Gardener to F. Nettlefold. Esq.. Streatham Grove, Norwood, S.E., is desirous of recommending his Foremip, Samuel Steam, who has been with him tive 5 ears. He has a thorough knowledge of Gardening in all its branches. Knows his work, and is not afraid to do it. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &c,— St. .Tohn's Nurseries, Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Balllffs, Foresters. &c. DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of the 'highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their busi- jness. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS, Chester." GARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— Wm. Howf, Gardener to Henry Tate, Esq., Park Hill, Streathom Common, Surrey, can with confidence recommeuil his Fore- man, Thomas Jones, who has been with him for the last four years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough competent man. Well up in the Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and \'eget3bles, also Table Decorations and Chrys- anthemums. ^ GARDENER (Head).— F. Blackith, 21, St. Peter's Grove. King Street, Hammersmith, W.,can highly recommend a thoroughly practical and trustworthy ^lan as above, capable of managing a good place. GARDENER (Head) ; age 20.— Ll. .Toxes, Giirdenor to Wm. Pilkinston, Esq., J.P.D.L.. Roby Hill. Liverpool, can with confidence recommend his Foreman. John Clarke, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a steady, industrious, all-round man. GARDENER (Head).— Age 36, single; where two or three are kept. Twenty years' expe- rience. Good character.— E. P., Mr. Witt, Milton, Leaming- ton, Hants. GARDENER (Head) ; middle age, married, one boy.— Advertiser is open to an engagement where the services of a g03d all-round practical Mao are require 1. Excellent testimonials, and reference to high garden auth:- rities.— W. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Otrijc, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Head).— AV. Allen, Swallow- field Park, Reading, can recommend an experienced Head Gardener, one well qualified to take Charge and Man- agement of Timber, or of moderate-sized Estate. First-class Accountant and Bjok-keeper. Reference — Sir GEORGE RUSSELL, Et., M.P.. Swallowfiold Park. Reading. G GARDENER (Head).— Age 35 ; experienced I" in all branches of Gardening. Land and Stock, if required. First-class personal reference.- J. M. S., 6, Pullein Terrace, Milton Road, Harrow. GARDENER (Head); age 39, married.— Colonel H. Davies Evans, Lord Lieutenant of Car- digiinshire, Highraead, Llanybyther, South Wales, wishes to recommend his Head Gardener, H. Charles, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical man. Well qualified to take charge of a good establishment. ARDENER (Head) ; age 30, single at pre- sent.—Mr. Pritciiabd, Head Gardener and Forester to G. F. Muntz, Esq.. Umberslade Hall. Hockley Heath, near Eir- mingham, can with confidence recommend his Foreman, Wil- liam Abbey, to any Ladyor Gentleman requiring a thorough, experienced, competent man. Four years in present situation. Highest testimonials from four previous situations as to being efficient in all branches of the profession and personal character. GARDENER (Head), where several are kept ; age 3.1, married —Sir Charlkj? de Hoqhtox. Bart., highly recommends his late Head Gardener, whom he has parted with for no fault, as a thorough practical man.— Full particulars on application to ARTHUR POPE, Hoghton, Preston. ARDENER (Hbad).— H. Hamilton, Gar- dener to the Earl of Lovelace, can confidently recom- mend his Foreman, who has been with him three and a half years ; understands Vines, Melons, Peaches, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Thirteen years' experience. Tho- roughly practical.- W. ARTHUR, East Horsley Towers, Leatherhead. ARDENER (Head).— Age 27; where two or three are employed. Eleven years' experience. Four years in present situation. Two and a half as Foreman.— Mr. WOOD. Osberton Gardens, Worksop, will be pleased to recom- mend Walter Holly as above, GARDENER (Head).— W. B. Flsher, Ga:^ dener to the Earl CAWDOR.Stackpole Court, Pembroke. will be pleased to recommend Charles Davis to any Lady or Gentleman who is in want of a first-class man. Jascaet U, 1893] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 59 GAEDENER (Head Wohkinq) ; age 44, lairried, no fdciily. — A Lady will recommend her late Gardener. Thoroughly experienced in all branches. Nine yean' gjod character as Head.— \V. H., Mr. Jeffery, 137. Maple Koad, Fenge. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 3", married ; twenty years' practical experience under Glasa and Outside. Ten and a half yeara last place. Sixteen and a lialf years' good character.— H., 13, Bedford Roa-i, Ealing Dean, W. ARDENER (Hbad Working).— Age 24, married when suited ; life experience in all branches of the profesiion. Excellent testimonials from present and pre- vious employers.— J. F. JACKSON, The Gardens, Norwood Hall, Sheffield. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28; fourteen years' experience in large Private Establish- ments. Good characters from present and previous places. Abstainer.-C. HOWELL. West Hill House, Gr GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27; good experience in all branches of Gardening ; and can be highly recommended by present and previous emplovers. — WAiTER HILL, Nunnery Gardens, Isle of Man. GARDEN^ER (Head Working), where two or more are kept.— Age 3.5, married ; throughly under- stands Grapes, Peaches, stove and Greenhouse Plants. Pleasure Gr_>und3, and Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Left through breaking up.— SHEPHERD. 13, Church Road. Bromley, Kent. G A ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 20; f one child, aged fire years ; thirteen years' experience in good Gardens. Good testimonials. — F. WELLS, Id, Hampstead Road, Dorking. ARDENER (Head Working). — Mrs. C. A. H. Lo.NO. Dolforgan, Exmouth, will be pleased to recommend Walter Wait as a thorough all-round Head Working Gardener, who has been for the past two years Head Gardener to her late father, itnd left entirely through death.— W. WAIT, The .Mason's, Long Ditton. Surrey. ARDENER ^Hkad VVoHKiNG)^Age 26. H. North, Head Gardener to Lawson Tnit. Eecj., But^kitt, Fletchwood, Lyndhurstroad, Hants, can strongly recommend Victor Dallimore to any Lady or Gentleman re- quiring a practical working-man, where two or three are kept. Nine years' experience^ ARDENER (Head, or good Sinole- nANDF.D).— Age '^1, single; thoroughly experienced in Vines, Melons, Cucumbers. Stove and Greenhouoe Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. QoDd references.- W. OANB, 103, Catford Hill, Catford. S.K ARDENER (good SiNGLK-nANDKD).— Age 32, married ; fifteen years' experience in Glass, Flowers, and Kitchen Gild-n. Good reference.- STEVENS, North- ficflds, Speldhurst, Tunbriilgc Wells. GARDENER (Head), or good Second.— Age :^9 ; twelve years' practical experience in all branches. QgckI testimonial from last situation. — A. M., Mrs. Tnckley, Albion Road. St. Albans, Herts. GARDENER (Sinole-uanded). — Age Z'o, married ; understands Vines, Forcing, Melons. Cucum- ber?, and Kitchen Garden. Right and a half years' good character. Wife a good Laundress.- J. BROWN, bi, Kingston Road, Oxford. GARDENER (good Single-handed). — Age 28, married, no family ; experienced in all branches. Good character.— F. R., 11 I), The Dwellings, Longley Road, Rochester. GARDENER (Single-handed, or where help is given). — Age 28. single. Twelve years' experience in all branches; excellent character from last and previous em- ployers.—H. ELLIOTT, Draycott Hall, Derbyshire. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). —Age 21'; good ex[>erienco in all branches, both Out- side and under Glass. Gowl character.— C. RICHARDSON, ,S, Merton Place, Bhickheath Hill, Greenwich. GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed). — Age 2.T ; seven years' experience in all branches. Orchids, &C.-H. LUCAS, Gardener, Star and Garter Holel, Kew Bridge. GARDENER. — Age 39, family ; experience gained at Lord Windsor's, Lady RoUe's, Lady Aylesford's, and other well-known gardens. Twelve years as Head; five in last place— or would be glad of employment until suited, with Nurserj'man or Fruit Grower. — EVANS, Gubihill, I'ewkesbury. GROWER, Private or Nursery. — Good ex- perience of Hard and Soft Plants, Stove and Bedding Plants, and General Indoor Stuff. Good reference.- Q. H., Garifemrj' C'/tronic/cOirice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Under), Inside, or Inside and Out. — Age 20 ; hve years' experience. Good character. — H. CLARK, 63, Carnarvon Road, Heading. ARDENER (Under).— Age 22. Six years' experience in general routine ; three and a half years in present situation. Can be highly recommended. — F. K., 56, Rommany Road. West Norwood. Fruit Growers, &c., for Market. MANAGER. — Advertiser, lifetime experience, open to engngi-ment as above. Well up in Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Muslirooms, Ro^.cs, Chrysanthemums, Carnations, Palms, Ferns, Cut Flowers, &c. Good references. —GROWER. Gardentrs' Chronicle Office, 11, Wellington Street, Strand, W.O. MANAGER, or TR.A. TELLER, or BUYER. Re-engagement required by thorough practical Man with eighteen years' experience in all branches of the Trade. Nine years in Loudon and Covent Garden. For full particulars apply, CONFIDENCE. Gardtners' Chronicle Olfice, 11. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. ANAGER ^ FORE.MAN.— Age siy, married ; life experieace in all branches. Thorou-^hly versed in the minagement of the business. Highly re- commended by fi^8^cla3d Hrms.— R. E , Gardencs' Chronicle Office, 41, WelliD«too Street. Strand. W.C. M PROPAGATOR (Son- wooded), and FERN GROWER, Stove and General Market Pot Stuff— Age 25; ten years' experience. Good character. — H. C, 40, Maxted Koad, Peckham, S.E. ROWER, Ferns, Palms, and General Soft- wooded Stuff- — Age 23 ; good references. Ten years' experience.— A. B., Gar4;ners' C/ironiWe Office, 11, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FOREMAN PROP-^G.'VTOR and GROWER. — Age 25; life experience in growing Plants and Cut Flowers, and Fruit for Market and Retail.— E. CLE.MEXTS, Florist, Church End, Finchley, N. FOREMAN (Inside or General).— Age 27. First-class experience in g03d places. — W. D., North- ridge Lodge, Boxmoor, Herta. OREMAN, or DECOR.-\.TOR,— Age 2.'). Good practical experience. — W. MILES, Woodhall Gardens, Hertford, Herts. FOREMAN, or .lOUUNEYMAN (First).— Age 21 ; Inside. Nine years' experience in Fruit and riant culture. T\%o year-i in the Fruit-houses in present situatioii.-H. TOft'NSENl), Elva.^ton Ca.'iLle Garden-s Derby. FOREMAN. — Age '2S; fourteen years' ex- perience in good private place^^, and can be well re- commended.—T. WADE, South Street, Oakham, Rutland. FUKKMANjina^oodTEstablishmenty^AgeL^ol twelve year»' experience. One )ear as Foreman in last situation.— A. W., Fenwick Villa, St. John's. Worcester. I70REM.\N.— Age 30; well up in the Culture J. of Vines, Peaches, Stove and Qreenhoase Plants, Ferns, Early and Late Forcing. Fifteen years'experienc?. Abstainer, Excellent characters.-QILBERT, John Street, Llangollen. FOREAUTn"^ GARDENER. — Disengaged. Age ^. _8ingle; good Pliuit Grower. Decorator, and GooJ refereuceH. — T70REM.\N (Nursery).— Age 31 ; thoroughly X practical in general Plants, and Cut" Flower ami 1 ruit Growing. Twenty years Nursery exp<-'rience. — COLMAR. 6, bhirley Cottages, Loogland-i, Sidcup, Kent. 170REMAN (WoliKiNo), PROPAGATOR, JC and GROWER in general Nurjery Stuff.— Age M; eleven years' experience. — J. BIRCH, Brunswick Nursery, Stoke Newington. London, N. JOURNEYMAN (in the Houses), in a good tJ c-tablishmt-nt. — J. Wk:stiiy can iwith confidence recom- mend n Young Mjn as above.— J. CROFrS, 8. Gosber Street, Fckington, Rotherhara. JUUUNEYMAN (First;, Inside. — Advkti- IISKR heeks engagement as above. Two years in pre- sent situation. Four years previous. Bothy preferred. — \V, CLEMENTS. The Gardens. Holme L-tccy, Hereford. JOURNEYMAN (Inside), in a good Establish^ ment.— Mr. RoTH\vi:r.r,. Head Gardener. Leightoa Hull, Welrthpool, can highly recommend Thomas Vaughun as above. Seven year^' practical experience. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out. — Age 22; eight years* experience. Good character.— E. CALVEK. The Gardens, Catmore, Oakhnra, Rutland. JOURNEYMAN (Fir.st), Inside.— Age 22; nine years' good nursery experience, and excellent characters. Abstainer.- F. GRACE. 29. Lumley Terrace, Kirkstall, Leeds. JOURNEYMAN (First).— Age 24; ten years' excellent character in four good places. — C. H., Clumber Gardens, Worksop, Notts. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out, in a good estublishnicnt. — Age 20 ; four years' experience. Would like to improve himnelf. llothy preferred.— F. LAUGK, Harrowby Road, St- Vincent's. Grantham. JOURNEYMAN,— Age 21. In the Plant Houses. Two years in present situation ; three and n-half J ears previous. — W. PETTET, Belvoir Castle Gardens, Grantham^ JOURNEYMAN; age 2:3.— W. Fox, Holker t) Gardens, Cark in Cartmel, Carnforth, can highly re- commend A. Orton, who has been with him nearly four years, to any Gardener requiring a steady, obliging, and re- spectable young man, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good establishment.- Age 21 ; seven years' experience in pre- sent situation. Excellent character. — I. SELWOOD, The Oiirdens, Stubbing's House, Maidenhead, Herks. TOURNEYMAN (Inside), in a good Estab- *J lishment.-Age 21. Six yen ' JOURNEYMAN (Second, or Third).— Age 19; four and half years' experience, with good character; well recommended.— C. JONES, Eastrop, High- Avorth, Wilts. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, uader Foreman. — Age 23 ; three and a half years in present situation ; want4 change. Bothy preferred. — W. CRAVEN. Little Dalby Hall Gardens, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire. JOURNEY'MAN, in the Houses, under Fore- man.—Age 21; six years* general experience in Fruit, Stove and Greeuhouse Plants, Orchids, House Decorating, &c. Total abstainer. Good character from present and previous employers. — J. H., 1. Upstall Street, KnatchbuU Road, Camberwell. S.W. NIFExMAN (Outdoor). — Age 30; four- teen years' experience. Ten years in present situation. Expert Rudder, Qralter, Trainer, &c. State wages.— Reply, W. FOX. 70. Amity Grove, Wimbledon. TRADE,— Age 23.— Active, energetic, well up in Fruit and Flower Culture Indoor, on most modern system. Ten years London Markets. Good references. State wages, &c.— FICLIS, 100, Oldfield Road, Stoke Newington, London, N. IMPROVER, in a Market Flower Nursery. — Age 19; four ye.ars' experience. Surrey preferred.— F. J., M, The Chase, Claplmm Common. London, S.W. IMPROVER. — Situation wanted by a young Man, age IS. as above. Three years' good character from Nursery and West-end Florist.— 2, Lime Villas, Avenue Road, Bexley Heith. IMPROVER, in a Nursery or good Private Garden. — Age 20; six years* experience. Seeks situation as above ; good character.— W. D., 1, Havelock Place, Slough, Bu.ks. PPRENTICE.— The Proprietor of an ex- tensive Market Nursery near London is open to take a strong youth as APPRENTICE, Grapes, Peu'hes, Mush- rooms, Cucumbers. Tomatos. and Flowers grown. Good home on the place. Preiummreiiuired. — F. F., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. A S.SISTANT, in iirst-olass Florist's Shop. — JrV Situation wanted, by a young Lady, as above.— FODEN, 8II0PM.\N (AssisrANT).- Age 20 ; three yiMr-*' good experience in Seeds. First-class references, 11. OltKENWOOD, 18, St. Georges, Canterbury. SlIOl'MAN. — Fourteen years' experience in the Nursery and Seed Trade. Oood references. — J. S., GiinUners' f/ironicieOffice.ll, WelliiigtonSlreet, SIrand.W.C, 8" lIOPM.\N, SALESMAN, or MANAGER.— Age 28. Experienced in Wreaths, lioiu|uels. Plants, Secdr., liookkeepiiig, &c. Good Salesman. Highest references. FLORIST. 11, Lnniotte Street, .lersey. SHOPMAN (Assi.stant), — Ten years' experi- encs in all branches. Abstainer. Good references. — .1. H., Messrs. Stuart & Co., Seed Merchants, 19, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. ''no SEEDSMEN -L engagement. Ten years' Advertiser requires re- iice. lirMt-rluss London Used to smart Counter Traile. Highest Fairbridge Road, Upper Hol- MESSRS. CUTRUSH Sc SON can recommend Advertiser. Well up in Floral and Decorative Work.— J. .MOUTIMKH. 2, VVoodview Terrace, Highgate, N. ''["O SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS,— A young i .Man (age 22), with over live years' experience, would like situation in London or suburbs as ASSISTANT. Excel- lent references.— W. C, Gardenirs' Chronicle OITice, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.O. SEED TRADE (As.slstant).— Age 21 ; over three years' experience in lirst-class Agricultural House. Willing to be useful.— X, 1.5, Woodville Road, Howes Park, N. '"po FLORISTS.— Young Man desires situation jL ill 11 Florist's shop. Well up in Furnishing and ordinary routine of the bu9inf Estimatks Fkee. te :— " We beg to say that we are highly sa lots ; ' they are «ell made, light, yet strong, and we like them better than any other we have ever uaed." Mr. William Bull, 636. King's Road, Chelsea, London, writea:— "For nearly thirty years I have been using your Gardeu Pots,' and aUlt hnd them the best and cheape&C." Larycst Manufacturers in the World. Ko Waiting. Millions in Stock. Carriage and Breakage Free on ^\0 Orders. Half Carriage on £5 Orders. Samples Free. Editorial communicationa should be addressed to the "Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Oflace. 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London. W.O. Printed for the Proprietors by Messrs. BRADBimY, Agnew, 8l Co. (Limited), Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and pubhshed by Abthur Geobqk MiBTiN, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— SATURDAY. January 14, 1S93. Agent for Manchester— J ohh Heywooc. Established i84i No. 317.— Vol. XIII. {J,^.} SATUEDAY, JANUAEY 21, 1893. f Regt. as a Newspaper. (PRICE 3d. IwiTH SUPPLEMENT.! POSO^FRKK. 3Ji/. CONTENTS. A^»par3([U9 for forcing ... lioolt!', notices if — A Gardener's Story ... D:.9 Kleii.e Haus mlt Garten Botanist, the selfi^h Cannce, a »yiiopM3 of the Hpecies of Cocoa-nut. double, at Kew Emifcrution to the Colo- nies and South America Floribts' flowers— Anemone, the garden ... Fi-uit from South Africa... Gardeners Royal Benevo- lent Inatitution Garden(<, grave and gay... Gladiolus Child^ii Grupe, MuACitt Champit pru j-grow »of . timbtrr, n>ix)e6tes mow hatu Macr07Jimia spiruliii Nursery note- Low, Hugh & Co. Obituary— Sheppard, J. Partous' painting<« Japan 76 PbalJKnopsis culture Plants, new or note- worthy .' Railway rates, new" Rainfall, the }ear*8 Eosery, the^ Good Roses for the general cultivator ... Scotland :^ Drjden Bank Societies : — Jtoy&l Horticultural 75, Scotti»-h Horticultural Technical inatructioa Tomatos and cancer Traveller's notes, a "Turin. Royal Academy of c Sci« lOf ;it<:h Memorial prizei ... Vine-drebsiug and petro- Week'a work, the — Apiary, the Flower garden, the Fruita under glasa Hardy fruit gulden Kit4jhen garden, Ihe ... Orchid-hou'tes. the Plants under glass ILLUSTRATIONS. Cocoa-nut, double, germination ol Cocoa-nut, double, leaf of Cycnoches pentjidactylou HypoesteA luonchuta Macrorainiu spiralis. (Supplement.) IxHloicea tejehellurum. double Cocoa-nut. (Suppleme "GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,' LARCJELY INCJIEASKJ) CIRCULATION. Important to Advebtiskbs. — The Publisher has the sutis/adiun of announcing that the drciilatiiiu of the" Hardeners' Chronicle " has, since the reduction in the j'rice of the jmjter. Increased to the extent of 76 per cent. Advertisers are reminded that (he "Chronicle" circulates among Ai.l. classes of gardeners and (jarden-lovcrs at home and ahroad, and is jircserved for reference in all the j>rincijjal Libraries. Deal Direct with tbe actual Growers. HCANNELL AND SONS' KENTISH • SKEUS are certainly the best in Europe. Kcw CATALOG UK free to coming cuhtomers. Mr. Hv. FARR. The Gardens, Ashfold, Handcross, Crawley : " 1 have always found your heeds auperior to all others, and have always given nie the greatest satisfaction." P. TOWMEAUX, Esq., St. Clements, Jersey : "Your seeds last spring proved A 1 ; best I ever had from anywhere." CANNELLS SEEDS Perfect only direct from Swanley, Kent. FOR SALE, GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 1841 to 1852 inclusive. Good copies, half-bound. Adver- tiser will close with first reawnable offer. Purchaser to pay carriage.— Address WILKINSON, GartUtura' Chronicle Office , 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. IF YOU WANT FRUIT TREES that will bear regularly, purchase Applt-s worked upon our Parntlise Stock. We have 60,000 to select from, and shall be pleased to show them to visitors. J. B. PEARSON ANli SONS, ChilvreU Nurseries, Notts, Established 1782. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Best and Newest.— Strong Cuttings, from l5. 6rf. per dozen, 10s. per 100; Plants, i«. Ot/. per dozen, 165. per HXf. Many valuable prizes have been taken by my customers during the luat 14 yeani. CATALOGUE of W. ETHERINGTON. Chrydunthemum Grower, Swanscombe, Kent. ARTERS' TESTED SEEDS. For Full Particulars see CARTERS' "VADE MECUM for 1893." It contains several elegant Coloured Illustrations, tnd will be found a most thorough book of reference by all who desire to cultivate the choicest WgeUblea and the prettiest Flowers. Price Ij., [lOSt-free, to unknown correspondents. CAKTERS. Seedsmen by Hoyal Warrants to H.M. The l^ueen and H.K.H. the Prince of Wales, ■2■.i^ and ^38, HIGH HOLBORX, LOSDOH, W.C. AM E L L I A S and U ifE E N II O U S E KHODODENDRONS.— A quantity of Sue specimens ia grand cooditioo. Covered with buds fit for exhibition. Recently purchased from a private collection. Csn be ^uppliesheds. and about IJ Acre of Orchard Land, situated in the healthiest part of Cheshunt, Herts, Good position for Glasshousss.— Particulars of THOMAS CHASE, Waltbam Cross, Herts. FOR SALE, a Small MARKET NURSERY BUSINESS, close to High Road and Rail, 6 miles from Covent Garden. Good position, I| acre, low rent, incoming low.— Mrs. COX, Minerva Cottage, HighRoad,Ea3t Finchley, N. FOR SALE, satisfactory reasons for disposal, a small compact NURSERY, mostly Glass. Substantial houses ; low ground rent ; over 90 years unexpired lease. Price, including Stock and Fixtures, £1800. £503 could remain at 5 per cent. Good business-growing district (f Seaside Town. — Apply, M. G.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ]VrURSERY TO LET, or SELL; good open- i-^ ing for practical man; 1000 feet run of Glass, adapted for Fruit or Plant Growing; 12 miles from Covent Garden. Address R. F.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. North FlncMey.— To Market Growers and Florists. On Main Road. TO BE LET, on Lease, the FRONT POR- TION of the WOODSIDE NURSERY.— Eighteen Green- houses. 2 acres of Land, and 8-roomed House. To a responsible Tenant, the low rent of £90 would be taken. No stock. Particulars and orders to view, of PROTHEROE AND MORRIS. 67 and 68, Cheapside. London. E.C. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Hohticul- TiTRAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and VALtJERS, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.G., and at Leyton- Btone. E, Mouthly Horticultural Register had on application. GA. WILLIAMSON, Nurseryman and • Florist, Smithfield Market, Manchester, is open to RECEH'E CONSIGN.MENTS of CUT FLOWERS and MAIDENHAIR FERN ON COMMISSION, Cheques as desired. GEORGE PIKE, 97, 98, and 99, Flower Market. Covent Garden, W.C, is open fo re.eive CHOICE CUT FLOWERS for SALE on COMMISSION. Boxes and Labels supplied on application. MESSRS. SQUELCH and WOOD, Fruit Salesmen. North Kow. Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of GRAPES, TOMATOS. CUCUMBERS, acd all kinds of HOT-HOUSE PRODUCE. Our business connections being amongst the beat houses in London, we are in a position to secure the highest prices for all choice goods. Account Salts forwarded daily, and cheijues weekly, or daily if rCLinired. Empties and labels supplied. Reference, London and County Bank, Covent Garden Branch. LOWERING LILY OF THE VALLEY —Magnificent Samples. 100. 6 marks; 1000. 60 mark ' Post-office Order. Guaranteed to arrive in a fresh conditi BLUMENBOERSE, Magdeburg. Germany. for To tile Seed Trade. AND F. SH.-VRl'E have posted their GENERAL WHOLESALE LIST to their customers d others, and shall feel obliged if those who have not received will inform them, and another copy will be sent. SEED GROWING ESTABLISH.MENT, WISnECn, Tie Best Present for a Gardener. INES AND VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. Third Edition just out. Price 6s., post free. 55. 6rf. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultnral Society, Chiswick. H V MYATT'S PROLIFIC, for Sale,— (irown on high land, and true ; 50s. per ton up to 2 tons ; less for larger quantity. G. F. YOUNG, Swineshead Abbey, Boston, FRUIT TREES. — Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries, per 100 or 1000. Prices on application. FLETCHER BROS.. Ottershaw Nurseries. Chertsey. ORCHIDS. — New and rare species, a special feature. Catalogue forwarded post-free on application. SEEGER AND TROPP, Ltd., Orchid Nursery, East Dulwich. London, S.E. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL 00. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD AND NUBSEBIES, CARSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL, Have this season splendid stocks of the following : GEAPE VINES, For fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. TEA and other ROSES, in pots. ERICAS, AZALEAS, PALMS, ; FERNS, Jtc, &o. CATALOGUES, with full particulars, post free on application. Special Quotations to the Trade,' Januahy 21, 1893] THE [BDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 63 FRIDAY NEXT, JanuaTy 27. L^LIA GRANDIS TENEBROSA. ONCIDIUM MARSHALLIANUM. J^ESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS have received instructions from Messrs. Cliarloswortli, Shuttleworth & Co., lleaton, I'.radford, and 213, Park Koad, Clapham, S.W., to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 & 08, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXl', January 27, at half-past 12 o'clock, a valuable consignment of newly-imported ORCHIDS, consisting of the new and handsome L^LIA QBANSIS TENEBROSA. The plants are in special fine condition, superior to any offered yet, they can be recommended with every confidence. Our Collector is the only one who knows the habitat of this grand old Lrolia, which is quite distinct from any other, or the old small-fiowered L. grandi.s. ONCIDIUM IIASSHALLIANXTM. — A fine healthy consignment of this clarming Orchid, very useful for show and cutting purposes. Also a grand lot of ECUADOREAN ORCHIDS, namely, ODONTOGLO.SSUM EDWAKDII, the violet-coloured Odontoglot, sweetly scented • the useful and pretty ODONTOGLOSSUM CIRROSUM and O. HALLL For fuller Pard'culars, see Auction Columm. EXHIBITION. WOLVERHAMPTON FLORAL FfiTE. In the Public Paik, July 11, 12. and 13. I.S9.T For Schedules, Ac, apply to the Horticultural Secretary — Corporation Street. W. A. GREES. Juor To the Trade. TMPORTANT NOTICE.— When yon are in X London, it will be well worth your time to p:iy a visit to Albert Nurseries, I'eckham Rye. S.E. ; or F.eet. UanU. You can make your no'^es, and have a business look round, combined with an outing; vou will Nur be worried to or^er. E. D. SHUTTLEWOlUli ASD CD.. Ltd. Awarded Silver-gilt Flora Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society; also Gold. Silver-gilt, Silver, and Hronze Medul§. Prizes, and Certilicates at other First class Shows. Our specialty — really good stuff grown for the Trade. Y V INES. — Oros Cjlmar, a few hundreds cheap, in 4H-iK)tfl. suitable for pliinling. 5lM. per 100. FOULGER. Potter's liar, Middle.-ex. SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands to select from. Write for List, free.— P. McARTHUR, The London N'ur.ery. 4. Slaida Vale. I..ondou. W. Novelty for 1893. ARIEGATED HOP.— Most ornamer,tal and frtst-grcwing climber. See report of the Gardners* C'Aronic/eof Oct. s. 1S92. Descriptive LIST free on application. FRED. RIJOMER. Seed Grower, r^ne.llinburg. Ueimany. UMEA ELEGANS, IIUMEA ELEGANS, Englii-h-saved Seed, of strong germinating powers. Per Packet, 1.!. *^ B. S. WILLIAMS AND SON, Victoria and Paradise Nur series, Upiier llollowiiy, London, N. ''FRADE.— 10 PEAR TREES, S feet high, the JL lot !.')«. (il., want the room. SI'IR.Kt .lAPONICA, 1V.I dd. per 101. 60.U00 CHKVSANrHEMlI.M CmiNOS, Ithy, in thirty b- , — , Madame Desgranges, &c. Cii^h wit E. L. JONES, Clayton Nursery, Pcikha lulling Lady order. .S.E. GRAPE VINES.— Hard and Short-jointed Fruiting Canes. Victoria PLUMS, fine Stindards. and rough cheap Trees; CHERRIES. PEAKd. MEULAKS, DAMSONS, PEACHES, NUTS. &c. First Quslity, and mode- rate Price. Wholesale and Retail. WILL TAYLER. Nurseries. Hampton. Middle-sei. FERNS ! FERNS ! !— Trade.— Greenhouse and stove, 25 saleable sorts, in 2J-in. pots. IVJ. per 100; 10 best market sorts, in •IS's. Us. per doz. ; stores. 61. per 100. Large Adiantum cuneitum. value in fronds, C». and 8j. per dozen. Cyperus, Aralias, Solanums, and Grevilleas. in 4S's, good value, 6«. per dozen. Palms. Ficus. Erica hyemalis, Cyclamen, and Dracffinns. in 48'9. Ij. each. P. tremula and A. cuneatum. for making large plantsquickly. llii. andiOs perino, well packed, put on rail free for cash with order.— J. S.MITH, London Fern Nurseries. Loughboro' Junction. London, S.W. MILLER'S SEE D~s", BksT and CnEAlM-ST. CHELSEA GEM PEA. best early dwarf Marrow, is. 9d. per quart; EARLIEST-OF-ALL PEA. earliest round Blue. 10((. per quart; NE-PLUS-ULTRA. DWARF FRENCH HKAN. earliest andbest tor Forcing.! J per quart; HA-\I GREEN FAVCIURITE TOMATO, best scarlet fruited sort, »il. per [acket ; SEAKALE, good roots for planting, 4«. ed. per 100. Illustrated CATALOGUE free. F. MILLER AND CO . i67. Fulham Road. London, S.W. Tj-ORBES' EAST~LOTHUN STOCKS.— X Sow now for a lontinuous and brilliant summer ami autumn di-play. For Massing in Ui-ds. for Herbaceous and Shrubbery Borders, and for Cutting, this Stock has no rival. My superb Strain, which is Perfectly True, contains a larger percenlnge of Double Flowers than anyoiher. It has had a successful run of about twenty years uniform good quality, and its reputation is world-wide. In 6 perfectly distinct and grand sorts, viz., crimson, purple, scarlet, white, crimson Walltlower-Ieaved, and white Wallflower-leaved, each sort. Is., 2«, t)(/., and hs. per packet. JOHN FORBES, Hawick, Scotland. FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow Them, apply to S ANDERS. St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World.— .30 minutes from St. Pancras. Trade Price Current, 1893. PETER LAWSON and SON, Limited, Edinburgh, have posted to their Customers their CATALOGUE of KITCIIKN GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS for the present season, and it any have been inadvertently omitted, copies will be forwarded on application. To the Trade. NUTTING AND SONS have now posted their ANNUA LWHOLE.^ALECATALDGUE of GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS to all their Customers, If it has not been receivetl. tlicy will be plejsed to forward a copy on application. NUTTING AND SONS. 10«. Southwark Street. Loudon. S.E. pL^CUMBER SEED, Rochford's v7riety7best VV for Market or Private I'se. beautiful new seed, per 100, 5s. 2d. ; per IIKX). *.' 2s. Post-free. A. BESNErr. F.R H.S.. Ashford Vineyard, Cobhnm, Surrey. UR ILLUSTRAlElTf ' .VTALOGUIO of o BEGONIAS SEED LIST, is ready for distnljution. and will be sent ft. application. 24 First Prizes and K Gold .Medals awarded. REIO AND BUUNEMANN, The Nuraehea, SydenI London. S.E. BOX'S BEGONIA SEED.— For germination and quality of llowers superior to all others. Half packets, single mixed. 6(/.; larger packets, Is. and :'s. 6ff ; double mixed, half packets. loJ. ; larger packets. Is. lotli in boxt^s that .an !..' l»t. 1.^. ti(i. p«r iio/.en ; in sixties, 3». {\ii. per rfczeii ; ;h pots. 4s. ^. per liorcn ; and in oincli pots, tii. per Kemember these are noC all spotte ). but mostly the i rich self colours ever seen, and of our owa choicest SWANLKY. KENT. SLEAFORD "STANDARD " SEEDS. (Kegistered Trade-Mark.) CHARLES SHARPE and CO.'S ILLUSTUATKD CATALOGUE OF SEED3 for lfcli:i, is nowr ready, and will be sent post-frfe to any addiois on application. Intending buyers should vprite for this Catalo^tie before purchaainR. Seed Grounds, SIcaford, Lincolnshire. LARGE SHRUBS, &c.— Arbor-vitio, Ami- rican, IJ to 2 feet, \2s. per 100; ilo.. 3 to.'ijteet, 21ls. per luO; Aucuba japonica, variegated and green, 1 foot, ih^i, per 100; Berberis nquifolia. 3 feet, 10s. per 100; B. Jamesonii. 3 feet. 2O1. do. i Box Tree, 1} to a feet, 12.!, per 100; 2 to .i (eet, 201. do.; B. japonica. 10 inch. 20s. do.; Cutoneuster niicrophylla. 2 teet, IO,r. per 100; C. Simonsii. 24 to 3 feet. 10s. do. ; Dogwood, 2 feet, IOk. per 100 ; Escallonia macruntha. 2 teet, 24s. per 100; Oreslinea littornlis. 10 inch. 30s. per ItiO; Laurel. Colchic. 1} to 2 feet. 12s. per 100; 2 to 2^ feet, 14s. do. ; ?> to 3J feet, 20s, feet, 60s. do. ; li feet, 80s. do. Fine Thuiopsis dolabratn. 2 feet, 30s. per 100 ; 2f feet to 3 feet. 70s. do. ; 4 to 4} feet. 30s. per dozen. The finest Specimens in England. OARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. FRUIT TREESl SPECIALTY. APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, and all kinds of Hardy Fruit Trees. The best varieties for Garden or Market, new and raie sorts not obtainable elsewhere. STRAWBERRIES, GOOSEBERRIES, CURRANTS, and all kinds of Small Fruits. All the best of the uew and old and most profitable varieties. Short Priced CATALOGUE tree. Full Descriptive CATA- LOGUE and GUIDE, the most complete issued, Oif. JOHN WATKINS, POMOHA Farm Nuksekiks, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. 64 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jakuaey 21, 1893. BEGONIAS A SPECIALTY. — Awarded Four Gold Medals. Gold Cup, and only Gold Medals fur Begonias at the International Horticultural Exhibition. Seed saved from Prize Plants. Choicest mixed, single or double varieties. \s.. 2s. &d., and 55. per packet. Collections (Seed), single, twelve named varieties, separate, 5s. Qd. ; six ditto, 3s. Tubers, named singles, from las. to 42s. per dozen. Choicest Seedlings, 4s. to 2ls. per dozen ; bedding, choicest, 4s., bs., 6t., and 9s. per dozen; clioicest name doubles, from 24s. per dozen; choicest seedlings. 12s. to 30s. per dozen; choicest mixed, for bedding, 9s. and 12s. per dozen. Catalogues gratis. JOHN LAIPJq AMD SONS. Begonia Growers.&c. Forest Hill. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS. NORMAN DAVIS Begs to intimate that he has among the New Chrysanthemums of the present season, several of exceptionally fine quality, including the two magnificent New Crimson Japanese — WILLIAM SEWARD & J. SHRIMPTON, the finest introductions of recent years, and which will be distributed by him during the coming spring. CATALOGUE ON APPLICATION. CHRYSANTHEMITM NURSERIES, LILFOBD ROAD, CAMBERWELL, LONDON, S.E. SELECT VEGETABLES, CHOICE FLOWERS. PICKED SEED POTATOS. Garden Tools, Sundries, dc, do. Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post. Illustrated DeecrlptWe Catalogue Ho. 419 FREE By POST ( DICKSONS Chester. ^QW^S &; CfVTV*^^\i, STOUKBRIDQE, For GKEENH0DSE3 and OTHER BUILDINGS. CaTALOGVK A\1> EiTlMATKs FRFK. ITie Original and Only Makers of the GENUINE RIVETED TRENTHAM BOILERS With SOLID ENDS. Also— Silvester's patentTrenttiam With Special Provision for Cleaning the Inside thoroughly (a Most Important Point). These Boilers, after long ex- perience, have proved them- selves the Most Efficient, Economical, and Lasting Boilers extant. Every other kind of Boilers, Sockets, Flanges, and Expan- sion - Joint Pipes and Fittings for all kinds of High and Low-Pressure Heating. FRED SILVESTER & CO., General Engineers, Founders, and Boiler Makers, CASTLE HILL WORKS. NEWCASTLE. STAFFORDSHIRE. THE FRUIT GARDEN of the UNIVERSE. —THE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION COLONIES (Chaffey Brothers'), established and regulated by Government, OFFER an enjoyable life and OCCUPATION, a sunny and salubnous climate, and most highly remunerative returns to Cultivators with small or large capital ; pamphlet free. CHAFFEY BROTHERS, Limited, .3!S, Queen Victoria Street, Loudou, E.C, J. E. M. Vincent, Chief Commissioner. THOMAS METHVEN & SONS (By Royal Warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the ftaeen), Beg to intimate that their Descriptive Priced CATALOGUE of GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS, IMPLEMENTS, GLADIOLI, &c., FOR 1893, Is now ready, and may be had free on application. METHVEN 'S JCTNE BROCCOLI, in Sealed Packets only, per Packet, Is. Qd. EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (Methven's choice strain). White, Purple, Scarlet, Crimsjn, and Snovv-whitd, wall-leaved, in Packets, Ij,, 2^. Qi., and 5s. each colour. Seed Warehouses : — 15, PRINCES STREET, and LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH. NOW READY. HARPE'S ILLUSTRATED 1893, DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE Post-free on application to CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED FARMERS AND MERCHANTS, SLEAFORD. VANDA CCERULEA. A magnilicent importation just received in splendid condition, and collector writes :^" I have never seen such a sight of this beautiful Vanda before. Every plant was in flower, and the colours grand — of the deepest indigo-blue, and the flowers very large. You cannot say a word too much of the colour and size of flowers. Every plant is the same." INSPECTION ItESPE CTFULLY INVITED. HUGH LOW & CO., Clapton Nursery, London, N.E. NOKWieHt Januaey 21, 1S93.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 65 THOMAS GREEN & SON, Ltd., LEEDS and LONDON, HORTIOXTLTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QDEEN, call Special Attention to their Patent Wrouglit-Iron Municipal or Angular Ctiambered and Tubular HOT-WATER BOILERS, And others with SHELVES, and HOLLOW or OKDINASY CAST-IRON GRATE BABS. ^Afini F Rnil FRQ ^'"> WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOILERS, any of which are specially adapted (or UHUULL UUILLnO, Heating Greenhouses, Conservatories. Churches, (Jnapels. Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance Hall-*. Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extant. Tht MINICIVAL and TlBlLARcnis are TemirknhU for thnr great heating power, slow combustim, and the length of time the fire wiU bum wtthoitt reijuiring attention, Tbese Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE a SILVXR MEDAL— at the Royal Horticultural Society's Eihlbitlon, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881. MDNICIPAL PATTERN BOILER, THE BEST EXTANT. — ^Ro^r^ elevation , water spare, flues, Ac. " The CfOes section g,i I shows it set in brickwork, which ii necessary fot SIZES AND PRICES. 3 ft, 2 In. long by 2 ft. 0 In. wide by 2 ft. 0 in. deep by 2 0 by 2 6 by 3 0 by 3 9 11000 ft 1280 2200 4000 7000 Price £1S 0 0 \^ CmZE BOILER niYAl. HORTICULTURAL 50CICrrJ SROW iNE3"° isai •*f;KfM^j'v J^-tijmXrjt^'. ^ bSfel^O^^O'r^ FRONT EL£V«T10N lOtlOIT UOI ML SECTrON CROSS SCCriON 8l2ea & Prices. including Sole-Plate, Grate-Barp Fire Door, Dampers, & one Flow and one Return, complete. Boilrra. Width. Length. u..;..k4. 1 Length of 4-inch Pining •*"'«•"• 1 calculated to heat Price. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. feet. £ >. d. B 16 by 3 0 b r 2 0 600 16 0 0 19 by 3 6 b ■i 0 800 33 0 0 D 19 by 4 0 b a 3 1100 39 0 0 a 0 by 4 6 r 3 4 1400 36 0 0 F 3 3 by .5 0 b r 2 6 1750 43 0 0 3 6 by 6 6 li r 2 6 2000 80 0 0 H 2 9 by « 0 b i 2 6 2500 60 0 0 I 3 0 by 6 6 b ^ l.'ir, CO.M.MLKCIAL ST., LONDON, E. Made of prepared Hair ard Wool, a perfect protection to all Plants & Blooms. Cheaper than any kind of mat, and will last for years. To be bad from all Nursery- men and Seedsmen. For price lisTa particulars Address* RENJAMIWPDGINGTOM m3 SDi/HE^^ tLk London 3/i/qGB WARE an d S O N S' — FLOWER POTS -- THF. SUSSICX rorTKllY IVOIfKS, UCKFIKIJ). Quotations given for quantities. Carriage paid to any The Best Railway station. are Cheapest. SAMPLES and LISTS FREE. Crates packed. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS~FROIVI FROST. The A'C.V.V/yl.V MAT IMPOUTKKS CO, are Anw .■belting for Cask wilk Order— NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL CARGO MATS, at iiHis. per luu, or lUs. (W. per bundle uf 10. NEW Sr. PETERSBURG CARGO MATS, at Bus. per 100, or .Ss. lid, per bundle of 10. (.Special Quotations for Large Quantities.) 40, GREAT TOWER ST., LONDON, E.G. BOULTON & PAUL, Manufac- turers, NORWICH. WROUGHT -IRON ASHES or OFFAL BARROW, Garden Barrow & Cluder Sifter combined. Cash Price, Painted .10/- Hody (?alvnnised ... eitra 7/4 If titled with registered finrter Sifter 5/- Portable Sanitary Dust- Bins and Snlng Barrows. (IIIK. ,>o..t-fr..e on applieaf ion. Greenhouses, Forcing-Houses, Vlnerlee, Frames, &c. HAWKINS' '■ PKUFFtriON," or DRY SYSTEM of GLAZING is the best. No skilled li,hour required to fix G'ass or Point, no Exit of Hot Air. no Drip, and much cheaper than any other. Sample double fnirae. 8 feet by 6 feet, with 2 Lights, painted ,3 coats and ghired, for ihs. Note the marvellously low price for the follcAving (.ulv Btantially constructed Houses— ICO feet by 15 feet, £80 ; 60 feet by 1.^ feet, ftiO; 'ih feet by 10 feet, £27. Several Second- hand Houses very cheap ; IHOO extra strong lights, 6 feet by 4 feet, painted and glazed. £7 per dozen, worth double ; te's for large quantity. I>u not build Glasshoutes without first gettipg esti- mate (free) from •• pAWKINS," Horticultural Builder, Afhford, Middlesex, 66 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [jANnAEY 21, 1893. For PLEASURE and PROFIT. FRUIT. See CATALOGUE for Sim; to 8 — ROSES. BUSHES, 8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100. Ifothingr so Profitable and Easy to Grow. 74 ACRES IN STOCK. Hundreds of Thousands. Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. BOSES in Pots, from 158. per dozen. OBNAMEIfTAL TBEES, 91 ACRES. 4 ACBES of GLASS. CLEMATIS (80,000), from 153. per dozen. N.B. — Single Plants are sold at slightly increaaed prices. SEEDS &BULBSj^"^I^f/AKT"^" DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, FREE. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. H. CANNELL & SONS' 15,000-DAHLIA ROOTS-15,000. Our Stock of all planted-out Ground Eoots, double the size of the ordinary pot tubers. Most complete coUeotion in the world. 500 varieties. We should be glad to quote prices and full particulars. SWANLEY, KENT. PLANTING SEASON. ^^ HAKI»IL.Y-CiROWItr FoREssrr, muiTi TREES & PLANTS, EYERBREENS, ROSES, &c. NURSERIES 400^AORE8: TUT BXTBHBIVB BTOOK. InipcetlOB IbtIU*' Priced Cataloguai Or«tl« * Pott Fraa. THE MOST POPtTLAR CELERIES ABE HARRISONS' EARLY ROSE LEICESTER RED >6rf. and l5. packets, post-free. LtlUESTER RED >i PENGELLY WHITE ) Trade prices Zs. and Gs. per dozen respectively. Stamps received for small remittances. Our General CATALOGUE of famous LEICESTER SEEDS, which are highly prized for Exhibition and Market Garden purposes, post free on application. Send for a copy to HARBISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS and MERCHANTS, LEICESTER. TO WHOLESALE SEED BUYERS. SAVE 20 per Cent, by Buying your Seeds direct from the Grower. Selected Stocks of the best quality, and good .samples. Send for Trade LliT. Compare Prices. Established 100 years. JOHN K. KING, Seed Grower, COGGESHALL. ESSEX. SHARPE'S PLENTIFUL TOMATO, THE BENT TOMATO OF THE DA r. SHARPE'S PLENTIFUL TOMATO awarded Gold Medal and Ten First Piizes. SHARPE'S PLENTIFUL TOMATO may be obtained of all leading Seedsmen, and from JOHN SHARPE & SON, BAEDNEr AND TOWN HiLL CHAMBERS, ReADINO, (Mr. J. H. MILLARD, Majiager). COVERT FOR GAME. LAURELS, Common, IJ to 3 feet, bushy, 70s. per 1000. ,, ,. 2 to 3 feet, bushy, 100», per 1000. ,, Portugal, IJ to 2 feet bushy. 25s. per 100. ,. 2 to 3 feet, very bushy. 50s. per 100. BERBERIS A(}UIFOLIA. 1} to 2 feet, very bushy, 80s. p. 1000. BEECH, 2 to -i feet, 8trong,.30s. per 1000. ,, 4 to 5 feet, very strong, 50s. per 1000. HOLLIES, 2 to 3 feet, very bushy, 50s. per 100. .■i to 4 teet, fine plants, ;.5s. per 100. PRI\'ET, Evergreen. 3 to 4 feet, bushy, 40.». per 1000. LARCH. SCOTCH SPRUCE, FIRS and QUICKS, THORNS, in large quantities, and OTHER TREES, equally cheap and good. CATALOGUES and Samples free on application. R. TUCKER, Nurseries, Fariogdon, Berks. MENDER'S PRIZE PETUNIAS. The finest in the world. Saved from our best striped and mottled flowers. Is. and 25. per packet. HENDER AND SONS, Plymouth. NOTHING NOTHING THE Trade Supplied. SHUTTLEWORTH ^ CO., (^Albert Utirseries) PECKHAM RYE, LONDON, 8E, and FLEET, HANTS. NOW IS THE TIME TO PUNT SEND FOR OUR NEW DESCRIPTIVE PRICED CATALOGUE Of Fruit Trees, Roses, Conifers, Shrubs, Forest Trees, Climbers, &o. An immense Stock grown. LANDSCAPE GARDENING A LEADING FEATURE. CEO. JAGKMAN & SON, Woking Nursery, Woking, Surrey. Established 1810.] [Area, 150 Aches. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE. We have now published our Wholesale Catalogue of VEGETABLE & FLOWER SEEDS Containing also the best Novelties of the Season, and list of over 160 Varieties Choice Fern Spores. MAY BE HAD ON APPLICATION. Any of our Customers not having received one by post will oblige by letting us know, when another shall at once be posted. WATKINS & SIMPSON, BULB AND SEED MERCHANTS, EXETEB ST., STBAND, LONDON, W.C. Seed & Trial Grounds-Feltham & Twickenham, Mlddlesei. BARR'S SEEDS, BULBS, and PLANTS. VEGETABLE SEEDS.— The best sorts only. Much valu- able information. Catalogue free on application. FLOWER SEEDS— Upwards of 2000 species and varieties, all decorative kinds. Catalogue free on application. BULBS.— Gladioli. Lilies, Anemones, Ranunculus. Hyacinthus CAudicans. Tigridias, &c., for Spring Planting. Lists ON application. PLANTS.— Michaelmas Daisies, Perennial Sunnowers, Double and Single Pieonies, Irises, Oriental Hellebores, Carna- tions, &c. Lists free on application. BARR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden. London. FOREST TREES, &o.— Alder, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000 ; 4 to 5 feet, 25s. per 1000. Ash, common, li to 2 feet, 12s. ; 2 to 3 feet, 16s. ; 3 to 4 feet, 20s. Beech, H feet. Us. ; 2 feet, 16s. ; 2J to 3 feet. 20s. : 3 to 4 feet, 24s. Chestnut, Horse, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Spanish Chestnuts, IJ to 2 feet, 16s. Larch, 12 to 15 inches, 14s.; IJ to 2 feet, 20s. ; 2 to 2i feet, 26s. Spruce Fir, 12 to 18 inches, 14s. ; li to 2 feet, 16s. Scotch Fir, 2-yr. tr., 18s. Silver Fir, 3-yr. tr., 20s. Hazels, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. Oak, 2 feet, 16s. ; 2^ to 3 feet, 20s. P. austriaca, 2-yr. tr., 16s. P. Laricio, 2-yr. tr.. 20s. Privets, Oval, 2 to 2J feet, a6s. Sycamore, 2 feet, 12s. ; 2i feet. 16s. ; 4 to 5 feet, 4s. per 100 ; 6 to 7 feet, 7s. per 100; 12 feet, tine, 24s. per 100. Thorns, 12 to 18 inches, 6s. ; 2 feet, 8s. ; 2J feet, 10s. ; 3 feet, 12s. ; 3i to 4 feet, 14s. ; f to 5 feet. 22s. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. TH0M80jrS_ SEEDS. FLOWER SEEDS — BEQONIA, Thomson's Superb Single and Double.— .Saved from selected plants of a very choice collection. I'er Pack.t, Is. and 2s. Hd. CALCEOLARIA, Thomson's Dalkeith Park.— A well- known and popular strain ; saved from plants of dwarf and compact habit. Per Packet. 2s. 6rf. CINERARIA. Thomson's Superb Mixed.— A very care- fully selected stock. Per Packet, Is. and 2s. M. CELOSIA Pyramidalls, Thomson's. -Best strain in cul- tivation ; still unrivalled, ^er Packet, Is. and 2s. 6d. PANSY, Thomson's Choice Mixed. — Saved from the tinest named sorts. Per Packet, Is. POLYANTHDS, Thomson's Superb Hybrid.— Saved from the choicest varieties. Per Packet, 1$. STOCK, East Lothian (Scarlet, Purple. White, Crimson, and White Wall-leaved). — Saved from 2-year old plants, specially selected. Per Packet, Is., '2s. Gd., and 5s. VEGETABLE SEEDS— BEET, Thomson's Superb Red. —Unsurpassed for garden and decorative purposes. Per 07.., Is, 6d. BROCCOLI, Thomson's Self-protecllng. — One of the hardiest Brocculis grown. Per Packet, Is. fii(. BROCCOLI, Sno-W'S Winter White. — An eitra select stOL'k, Per Packet, is. ad. CARROT, Thomson's New Improved Horn.— Superior to the Horn Carrots now in cultivation. Per oz , 8d. LEEK, Musselburgh. — True stock ; Scotch saved. Per 0/..2S. lirf. PARSLEY, Thomson's Superb Curled. -Dwarf and com- pact; beautifully curle.l. Per oz., 1.'. TOMATO, Thomson's Excelsior.- Undoubtedly one of the best for general use ; smojth-skinned, and of fine flivour. Per Packet, Is. 6d. CATALOGUE of SELECT GARDEN SEEDS forwarded on application. All goods carriage piid. THOMSON'S VINES. THOMSON'S STYPTIC. Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure. Thomson's Book on the Vine, the Pine, the Flower Garden, and Fruit Culture under GlaES. DAVID W. THOMSON (SEED MERCHANT), 24, FBEDEBICK ST., EDINBXJBGH. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A LARGE AND SELECT STOCK IS N0v7 OFFERED FOR SALE. The Illustrated and Desoriptive Catalogue of Fruits, post-free, Sd. The Descriptive Catalogue of Koses, post-free. THOMAS RIVERS &, SON, THE NURSERIES. SAWBRIDG E WORTH, HERTS. VICTOR POTATOS (SHABPE'S). This favourite first early Potiito, suitable £or any Garden, indispensable for Forcing and Early Borders, and likely to take the first rank amongst first earlies for market use. Quality and yield all that could be desired. One well known market grower has this year had a yield of 15 tons per acre on a large acreage. London and Manchester salesmen speak highly of their quality, and report that Victors will keep their bloom and have a fresh appearance after being in the market som^ days, when other early Potatoa have become discoloured and .unsaleable. The stock we offer is the true yellow-fleshed variety and not the white variety, which is often substituted . Price per cwt, and ton. State requirements to W. W. JOHNSON & SON, Seed Growers and Merchants, Boston, Lincolnshire. Januaet 21, 1893.] THE GABDENERS' GHBONIGLE, 67 SMALL SHRUBS and CONIFER^.— Abies Altwrtii. 2-yr., 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100; A. DouRlasii, 1-yr., 2tis, per 1000 ; do., lyr., 1-yr. transplanted, 6 to 8 inch, 4s. per 103 ; A. orientalis, 2-yr. tran-planted, 30s. per 1000 ; Black A. Spruce. 2-yr. transplanted, 6 to 9 inch, 30s. per 1000; Cupressus macrocarpa, 1-yr., fine, 20s. per 1000; do., transplanted, 8 to 9 inch, 8s. per lOJ ; Gra^^s Pampas, fine. 30s. per 1000 ; Aucuba japonica. green. 6 inch, 8s. per 100 ; Cedrus deodara, 1-yr., 6s. per lOO; Ivy, Irish, 2-yr., 4s.: Jasminum, white, 6s. per 100; Lilac, purple, 3-yr., le. per 100; Laures- tinus, 6 to 8 inch, 7s. per 100; Laurel Colchic, 1-yr., 25s. per 1000; Olearia Haastii, 6 inch, &s. per 100 ; Pinus cembra, transplanted, 6 to 9 inch, 40s. per 1000; P. Nordmannia, 2-yr., 2-yr. transplanted, 6s. per 100; P. nobilis,'.2-yr.,S 2-year trans- planted, 6s. per 100; Pittosporumundulatum, fine, transplanted, 8 inch, 12s. per 100 ; Privets, oval, 8 to 9 inch, 8s. per 1000 ; do., golden, new, 8s. per 100 ; Rhododendron ponticum, 4 to 6 inch, 40s, per lOOS; do., 6 to 8 inch, 60s. per 1000 ; Thuya Lobbii, 10 to 12 inch, 40j. per 1000 ; do.. 15 to 18 inch, 50s. per 1000; Veronica Traversii, 9 inch, 8s. per 100; V. Pingifolia, 9 inch, 10s. per 100 ; Yew, English, S-yr., 26s. per 1000; Yucca gloriosa, pots, 9 to 10 inch. Us. per 100. GAKLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. Order Direct— No Branches or Agents. LEICESTER SEEDS. Being extensive Seed Growers, and certainly the leading provincial house for PEAS, having all the principal sorts in carefully-selected Stocks, we are able to supply these superior goods as low as any I'rovincial or London tirm, especially to those who require such for Market Purposes, viz., I'EAS, BEANS, CARROTS, RADISHES, ONIONS, CABl'.ACiES, BEET, SAVOYS, PARSNIPS, &c. It is an oft-repeated fact that HARRISONS' LEICESTER SEEDS produce the best crops and make the hcxt prices in thi^ markets. Refer- ences given, if reijuired, to both Growers and Salesmen in the largest Markets, CATALOGUES FliKK Apply to— HARRISON & SONS, Seed Growers and Merchants, LEICESTER. HARDILY -CROWN FRUIT TREES TRUE TO NAME : LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM, Including all the most Popular and Profitable Kinds in Cultivation. 0«tcrlptlv« Priced Llit Frca on application. DlCKSONSNjrr.eB.CHESTER CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Onr stock of both I'lants and Cuttings is the largest and finest ever seen in this country. C. E. SHEA, E»i|.. a great prize-tiiker, says :— " My ex- perience of your system is that it is far and away the hest." Our CATAL'KjUK, sent Jl08^free, will be found the most complete and best illustiated ever issued. H. CANNEIiL & SONS, Swanley. TOMATO " REQINA." This viiluable novelly is early and very prolific ; it sets its fruit well out of doors, and also under i;la.s8. The fruit is smooth, fomewhat round in shape, ol beautiful deep colour and delicious flavour. la. 6d. and 28. 6d. per packet, post-flree. See Wel^x Spring Calaloqite, Post-free, Is. WEBBS, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. VEITCH'S ciioici; VEGETABLES FOn FORCING:— CAULIFLOWER, Veitch's Extra Early Forcing. -First-class Certilicalu Royal Horticultural SoDER this fanciful designation, the P^ine ^ Art Society has opened a small but select exhibition of seventy water-colour drawings, by Mr. George S. Elgood, K.I. The interest and permanent value of the catalogue of this exhi- bition are very considerably enhanced by the excellent prefatory note — which runs into eight pages— from the pen of Mr. Reginald Blomfield. Mr. Elgood has succeeded equally well in his portrayal of the formal and of the natural styles of gardening in this country, although his love for extreme brightne.s3 has had the elleot of rendering some of his purely floral pictures crude and unnatural. The artist has been happy in his choice of the examples to illustrate this formal garden in I'.ngland, for both those at Lovens and at Mel- bourne are highly characteristic of an effete fashion. Each is, however, exceedingly interest- ing, the architect of the former, which is in some respects Dutch, being a I'renchman, M. Beaumont ; whilst the latter wa,i laid out in a purely French design by Henry Wise during the first decade of the last century. Con- cerning the latter, the prefatory note to the catalogue in question states, " Long alleys with palisades of Limes were formed, and an I amphitheatre of Limes, with vistas radiating in all directions from a stiperb lead urn in the centre. The ground is of irregular plan, but the diffi- culties are met by the design in a most masterly manner. With the exception of some alterations made about fifty years ago, the original design is substantially perfect, and is a very valuable instance of a garden laid out when the French influence was still dominant in England." Of Levens, of which illustrations have appeared Jn the Clardenera' Chronicle, Mr. Elgood gives us charming little views, first of the formal garden itself with its trained Yews, and full of the work of the topiarist. " A garden place I found well- flowered " ; of the dial— one of the best bits of the show and of the "^'ew arch. The Melbourne pictures deal first with an autumnal view, in which the artist's passion for contrast in colouring is perhaps a trifle too pronounced, the yellows and browns of autumn and the dark green hue of the Yew predominating ; and secondly with the " Dark Arbour." Both the.se examples of the formal garden are essentially characteristic of the eighteenth century, "so strong in intellect, so utterly barren in imagination." Although the formal garden is perhaps dead, beyond the possibility of survival, it undoubtedly presented many features which were not antagonistic 68 THE GABDENEES' CHBONICLE. [Januaky 21, 1893. either to good taste or to artistic effect. Its abominations were its clipped Yews and its mazes — features which to the majority of cockney tastes are still the most complete embodiment of high-class gardening. The modern revolt against the formal garden, which was not English, but of Dutch, French, and Italian origin, has, to a great extent, succeeded in sweeping away many features that might well harmonise with the natural style which is now so prevalent, and so much more in accord with English tastes than any of the rule-of-thumb introductions from the Continent. In spite of the great popularity during the last century of the formal garden, with its trained Yews from Holland, and its statuary from Italy, the old English garden was never quite "snuffed "out, although it more or less suffered from the craze that prevailed for two centuries. Condover, Losely, Arley, and Penshurst are given as illustrations of the old gardens which are essentially English- formal without being artificial. Mr. Elgood's picture of "The Garden House, Arley," is quite idjllic in its exuberant beauty, with the rustic wooden- house covered by a wealth of Virginian Creeper and other climbing plants, of the old-fashioned border gay with the flowers such as Shakespeare loved, and of which oar greatest poets have sung. "The Vicar's Garden," too, if a trifle crowded on the canvas with tall gaudy flowering - plants, is just one's ideal of what a vicar's garden should be, and the same may be said of " A Cottage Garden." Mr. Elgood 13, as a rule, very successful in his floral portraiture, his " Stocks," " Purple Iris," " P;eonie8," and " ' The pale Sweet-William ringed with pink and white, " being remarkably good. But the picture of the "Shirley Poppies " does not accurately represent the negli- gent kind of beauty which is a peculiar cha- racteristic of these Poppies. AU interested in gardens, ancient and modern, would be well repaid by a visit to the Galleries at 148, New Bond Street, for among Mr. Elgood's exhibition of " Gardens, Grave and Gay," there are many charming views of the Riviera, the Italian Lakes, Verona, Genoa, and Nimes in Provence, in nearly all of which the floral element is conspicuous and good. " A View in the Garden at Speke Hall," with the timbered house showing in the background, exhibits some good uses to which the Irish Yew may be put in conjunction with herbaceous borders, the time of year being late summer. "In a Quiet Hour" we have a tall Yew hedge fashioned like a folding screen, to shelter a zig-zag constructed seat. The idea is not bad ; standing alone, as it does, it seems to need a link as it were to some group of trees or shrubs or substantial building. "Azaleas, Birstall," is a gay delineation of Ghent and Mollis Azileas, Pontic and other llbododen- drons. With few exceptions, the colours of the blooms are pale. A curious effect is produced in " The Villa Giulia, Palermo," by the ancient wind-worn, clipped avenue of Cypress, with an incongruous narrow border edged with Box at their foot. We wonder how our garden designers would like the big red washing-basin-looking plant-pots which contain the Orange trees in the Giardino Giusti, Verona. The Box hedges that go so well with an ancient ga'^den and the slender Cypress, are quite as characteristic of Italy as the washing-basin pots. Grand masses of Opuutias, on the Arbutus Kidge, Mentone, are well delineated, as also the curious effect of contrast of a Peach tree in blossom stand- ing against a background of dark Pine, possibly P. pinea. The " Lesser Cloister, Certosa," shows excellent use of broad high Box edging, Lilinm candidum, Begonias, and Pelargoniums in clumps. New or Noteworthy Plants. KNIPHOFIA TUCKII, Hort. Lcichtlin* This new Koophofia has been introduced into cultivation by Herr Max Leichtlin, who has done so much to improve our stock of the garden forms of this genus, of which upwards of forty distinct species are now known, agamst six only half a century ago. For many years he has been trying to re-intro- duce K. pumila (Tritoma pumila, Gawler, in Bed. Mag., t.7(54). At his instigation, Mr. Tuck recently undertook an expedition to the province of Coles- berg, where T. pumila was last gathered by the late Dr. John Shaw. He brought home the present plant, which, although nearly allied to K. pumila (of which we have at Kew fine specimens collected by Burchell), differs from it by its shorter, broader, green leaves, perianth-tnbe widening gradually from the base to the throat, and less exserted stamens. Practically, it will answer every horticultural purpose which K. pumila fulfilled, as it possesses the same dwarf habit and the same dense raceme of bright red-yellow flowers. Leases ensiform, bright green, 1 to \h foot long, tapering gradually to the apex, .4 to 1 inch broad, low down, flat, with a prominent keel, distinctly serrated and scabrous on the edge. Pedunc'e moderately stout, shorter than the leaves. Haceme very dense, oblong cylindrical, 5 to (i inches long, 1} inch diameter; flowers deflexed, yellow, at first tinged with red ; pedicels very bright short, bracts ob- long-lanceolate, ecariose, J inch long. Perianth sub- cylindrical, s inch long; tube ,', inch diameter at the base, ,'; inch diameter at the throat, widening gradually Irom the base to the throat; lobes ovate or oblong, obtuse, ,', inch long ; stamens and style finally protruded, g to I inch beyond the tip of the lobes. J. G, Bal-er. Beqonia Glort of Lorraine. This new variety, figured in the January number of the Monitdir d'Horticiilfurc, is the result of a cross effected by M. Lemoine between B. socotrana and B. Dregei. The seeds were sown in March, and the plants flowered in November of the same year. The habit is dwarf and bushy, the leaves more or less lobed, and the flower-panicles profuse. The individual flowers measure IV inch, and are of a delicate pink colour, and remain for a long time in good condition. Warm greenhouse treatment is required during the winter. In May or June the plants are placed in the open air, with due precautions, and returned to the greenhouse in the autumn. A TRAVELLER'S NOTES. (Con'iinied from ml. zii., p. 773 ) Batavia, Fehntary 6, 1892. — I arrived at Batavia at 10 a.m. on January 29, and left it again by the same vessel on February 6, in the meantime having spent the most interesting eight days I remember since leaving home. The island is very beautiful, and most interesting. One is struck even on the first day with the difference between the Dutch and the English in their colonies. What would be most infra dig. in India is done commonly in Java, as one instance, the ladies — all of them — dress as natives. Buitcn:org. — On January 30 I went up to Buiten- zorg, a journey lastin^some two hours. Buitenzorg is some 900 feet above sea-level, and is much resorted to by people living in Batavia, some even living there, and going to and fro every day. The hills are not high, hut prettily situated ; not forming a continuous range more or less of the same elevation as in Ceylon, but low ranges and separate groups. Tea is cultivated, and the quantity of Rice is extraordinary. Splendidly irrigated, there are miles on miles of it, not only as far as Buiten- zorg, but right up to Garvet. The Javanese get three crops in two years, always from the same land. The Cingalese get more, but it is con- * Knipkofia Tuckii. Hort. Leichtlin. — Foliis ensiformibus acumiuatis viridibus pedalibus vel Besriuipedalibua margine fcabris serruUiti^ ; pedunculo foliis breviori ; racenjo deosis- simo oblonj^o cylinilrico; pedicellis brevisaimis ; bracteis magnla scariosis obloogo-laoceolatia ; floribus deflexis rubro- luteis; perianthio 7—3 lin. longo, tu^o fl t^asi ad Oram sensim -ampliato ; geuitalibus exsertis. sidered the above does not impoverish the land, as may occur in Ceylon. In the island twenty- three kinds of Rice are cultivated, one, I noticed, with black seeds. When young they rather differ in leaf, and I first thought I saw a different grain, but a German I met with, who has been twenty- five years here, tells me Rice only is cultivated. The Rice is sown in beds under water, and comes np very thick. In six weeks from the time of sowing it is pulled up by hand, and pricked out in the vast fields about G inches apart. The labour of hand-planting, or, rather, sticking the root downwards in the mud, for it is nothing else, speaks well for the industry of the Javanese. Bread and Jack fruits ' are fairly common ; Cocoa-nut and Areca Palms are very abundant. Musas and Bamboos, a fine strong variety, are also plentiful. The uses to which the stems of the latter are put to are innumerable. Houses and fences are composed of it; it serves as spouts to water-cans, to hold drinking water, and a smaller stem as a tumbler to drink out of; their bridges are composed of it from the supports to the floors ; it is used in their hand- carts, it is eaten in curry, they fish with it, and put it to many other uses. The vegetation along the railway line is rich. Lantana grows as a thick hedge, as freely as in Ceylon, but the Palms are nothing like so rich, nor do I think is the general vegetation. We passed over a good many waterfalls, sometimes hundreds of feet below us, and now pretty full, as it is the rainy season. It is hot, thermometer ranging from 80° to Siy^. The early morning and evening, in each case then for about an hour, is the only pleasant time. Coffee and sa't are government monopolies. This appeared to me strange, but it is explained in this way : all rich virgin land the government acquires, and as it does not pay to plant on poor soil ; a very considerable revenue is acquired in this way. A good deal of Tea is 'planted, though I saw but two big plantations, and met the owner of one. Ha told me that during a drought last year, which lasted seven months without a drop of rain, he lost 1.000,000 plants. John Chinaman is represented in Java, but not to such an extent as at Penang and Singapore ; the Dutch do not encourage them^ perhaps they are wise — it is certain in some things they have ousted the English in Penang. being con- tent with smaller profits ; more particularly is tbia the case with spices. Buitcn:org Botanic Garden. The Botanic Department in Java has three places — a mountain garden, some 50 acres in ex- tent ; an agricultural garden, about '2k miles out of Buitenzorg, some 200 acres in extent; and the scientific garden at Buitenzorg, 90 acres in extent. The last is severely scientific and very thorough. It is laid out in plots on undulating grounds on the banks of a small river ; the plots are irregular in shape and size, and divided by small paths of small round stones — owing to the heavy rain, no other kind of path could stand. These stones are stuck into the earth on end, and though they answer the wished-for end, are not pleasant to walk upon. In the corner on each of these plots, and facing the paths, are wooden posts about 4 feet high, painted white. On these in plain black letters are the names of the order or orders represented in that particular quarter. Of each genus, each species is represented by two specimens, one of which has a good large white label with its name clearly painted thereon in black, whilst both have leaden labels nailed to their trunks, should the wooden one be lost. On the leaden label is a number corresponding to a numbered catalogue. The garden has existed seventy-five years, and was arranged in the above-described manner fifty years ago, thus nearly every specimen is a tree, and as one turns from plot to plot, and from order to order, one looks through a small forest of trunks. If a speci- men of foliage is required for comparison, a man has to go up the tree and get it. ■The house of the Governor-General of Java is in the garden, and there are some pretty points round it; in front is a large pond, with two arms, one filled with Victoria regia in flower, with many di zen fine leaves, some developed, some in their prime, and some deciying, all touching each other, as one sees in pictures from South America, I have never seen it so fine as on this pond. The other arm is filled with a white Neluinbium, flowering freely, its large flowers, pointed buJs, and flat-headed seed receptacles, standing on a stalk sometimes 3 feet out of the water ; its foliage Jasuabt 21, 1893] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 69 ia very thick, and forma a splendid masa. In the centre of this pond is an island witb bashes of Duranta Ellisii, their long bunches of golden yellow seeds hanging thick to the water's edge, a lovely sight ; as well as some fine Acalyphas and tall Cyrtostacbys Renda, with its pretty scarlet leaf-sheaths. From the Governor's house to the entrance, runs a fine avenue of Canarium commune, forming a lovely tonnel some SO feet high. The stems of these Canariums are covered with creepers in the wildest profusion ; some parts of some of the stems are quite bidden. Pothus aurea, with a stem sometimes 2.} inches in diameter, clings with extraordinary tenacity, ascending and encircling the trunk in a corkscrew-fashion, its fine, highly-coloured leaves hanging down on all sides ; Philodendrons and Anthuriums grow with equal freedom, their rich glossy foliage producing a fine effect. Hoyas are creeping up some, bat were not in flower ; Asple- nium nidus was most common in this avenue, high up in the forks of the branches and encirclini; the main stem itself. Near this avenue are D . Trenb'a house, offices, laboratory, nursery, and gas- engine. Another small avenue of Oreodoxa regia leads from the Governor's house to the main road of Buiten- lorg. These trees are yet young; there are finer specimens of this Palm in the garden. Behind this aro some magnificent Bamboos, 50 to 00 feet high, and many yards in diameter, gracefully drooping over , and a fine avenue of Liviatona, chiefly rotandifolia and ovalifolia, many of the stems not less than '.lO feet high. It produces a very curious effect, these long straight stems with the small tuft of leaves on the top. This avenue is one of the finest sights in the garden. On one side, the stems, all of them, to about 12 feet from the ground, are covered with the purple- flowering Ipomtua, blooming freely. Tliis avenue leads from an entrance in the main road past that portion of the grounds set aside for the collec- tion of Rattans, on to the nursery, cffices, &c. On one side of it are young Palms, species lately re- ceived, and there planted, as the original Palmetum is now full. On the other side in the centre of a large grass plot, relieved by an edging of purple-leaved Oxalis, IS a plain small red stone obelisk, on the base of which in gold letters are suitable words stating it to have been erected to Johannes Elias Teyemann. Round the oblong grass plot is a narrow path and beds filled with China Roses in good condition, whilst at one end is a thuk impregnable bank of Bamboos. The collection of Rattans is most interesting. Care is necessary in walking through as the young shoots armed with their short rows of strong sharp thorns, half circular in shape, hang down in all directions. The main stems twist and curl over themselves and over each other, like long snakes all over the ground, and often up the stems of the tall Cedrelas, which shade them. Tall Oreodoxas, O. oleracea in particular, with the stem not less than 1)0 feet high, like the barrel of a great cannon, and almost as straight and smooth as a lead-pencil, as well as many Arecaa, Cocos, and other Palms edg-- this interesting Rattan enclosure. One of the Cocos, C. oleracea, with leavea strong and stifle, from 25 to 30 feet long was a fine sight. With one or two other Palms near the Governor'a house, and an avenue, a short one, but still a veritable tunnel of the same strong-growing Bamboo, the ornamental portion of the garden may said to have been ex- hausted, and I will now give some little idea of the main portion. Before entering by the chief entrance ia a fine Amheratia, some 40 feet high, a very good speci- men, not now in flower, but its long young brown leaves render it still very pretty. Near this on the stem of a Canarium commune, some 1 feet from the ground, is a fine (jrammatophyllum speciosum, with forty-six spikes of flower, some with twenty-four open flowers and many more buds to follow ; the piece is about 15 feet through, some of its stems being 9 feet long— it was a splendid sight. On entering the gardens, by far the msjor portion lies on one's right. The first order one comes to is the Leguminofip, with some fine trees. Though not now in flower, its Bauhinias, Amherstias, Browneas, and Poincianas, must make a fine show in their season. Descending a short hill, one soon espies all kinds of Pandanns, their tall, crooked, naked stems, with short tafts of stiff leaves on the top, being some- times ?,() to -10 feet high, This order -Pandanf.T— is certainly a remarkable one to look at. Opposite these is the collection of Cycads — not large, but wonderfully even specimens ; whilst on the other side of the path are the Orchids, which Dr. Treub says do not do well. They are nearly all attached to the stems of living Plumieria acuminata, men- tioned in my former letters as producing a flower sacred in India. Probably the best amongst these Oichids are Bulbophyllums, some Dendrobinms, and Flo. 12.— GERMIKATIOX OF TIIK DOt'BLK COCOA-NUT AN1> CUP- LIKE BASE OF THE FULL OROWN STEM (BOTH UREATLY REDUCED). certainly the Coelogynes. Eria» are good, but Saccolabiums and East Indian Orchids are weak. The Palmetum is next reached. Dr. Treub tells rae, next to Kew, he believes Buiteniorg has a greater number of Palm species than any other botanical garden in the world, and here are Fia. 13.— GEKMIXATIOS OF THE DOUBLE COCOA- : KEW (MUCH REDUCED). some fine plants — wonderfully handsome specimens. Amongst the most noticeable is a noble tree of Corypha australis with a stem S feet through, and some .35 feet high, with a fine head of its immense palmate leaves. Cyrtostacbys Renda is finer here t''an I have yet seen it— .35 feet high — with wonder- fully straight sterna, and heads of stiflf leaves, like Areca luteacens, but the leaves are shorter and stiffer ; its red leaf-sheaths are very striking from a distance. There are also, on the slope towards the river, some fine Attaleas — particularly one, an A. ma- crocirna (?), with a stem some 36 inches in diameter. Its leaves are between 20 and 25 feet long, forming a splendid spreading bead ; in their axils are the thick bunches of seed, each as large as an ordinary-sized Plum. Phoenix sylvestris is remarkably pretty ; its spreading canopy of leaves ia regular and thick, the lower one gracefully drooping over. There were some about with tall stems, varying in height. Amongst the Oncospermas were some fine speci- mens, their numerous stems rising from a common base to a great height, with good heads of leaves, some ascend as much as 80 feet; their foliage is both fine and graceful. Caryotas, Phrenix, Borassus, Oreodoxas, and Arecas, many with their bunches of drooping red seeds, are well represented, as well as the various kinds of Cocos, one of the finest of which ia another C. oleracea, with a stem -h feet in diameter, and a splendid head of thick leaves. Dr. Treub has a fine Lodoicea seychellarum, not so big as Dr. Trimen's, but nearly so ; its leaves are 10 feet broad, magnifacent, and very hard ; when the stalks are tapped with a walking-stick, it is like tapping iron. Metroxylon elatum is a curious Palm ; its strong, stiff stalks have circular, always slightly ascending lines of brown hairs; added to this peculiarity, it is a pretty Palm in itself. Near the Palmetum is another very interesting order — the Conifei;c. Araucarias are well repre- sented ; A. excelsa will not thrive here, but Bidwilli and liulei, some 20 feet high, are good amongst others. Small Cupreeeus Knightii, and some larger C. Gove- niana and funebris, nearly ;!D feet high, are pretty. Junipers and Dacrydium elatum also do well. There is also a handsome Podocarpua, P. polystachyus, with leaves 8 inches long, in the way of our I', mncrophyl- lua, but atronger. Two of the finest trees in the Conifera3 are I'inus macrophylla and Dammara alba ; both splendid trees, some (10 feet high. Dr. Treub is particularly proud of the latter ; it certainly is wonderfully even and handsome. The fernery under thick shade is a wonderfully pretty place ; tall Tree Ferns, with their long, graceful fronds, aa well as the dwarfer Nephrolepis, Onychiuma, Scolopendriuina, Nephrodiuma, Micro- lepiaa, and others, are doing well. There are but few flowering plants to be seen in the whole place ; an exception to this are the Pavettas (Riibiacpic). There is a large collection of these, many bearing their Ixora-like heads of bloom. Beyond the palmetum, Dr. Treub pointed out a large semicircular piece of ground on the river bank, full of only rough stones and boulders, with a little coarse grass, and a bed of Cereus, Opuntias, S;c. He told me during a very heavy rain-atorm the river had overflowed, and ao sudden and great was the rush of water, tliat the side of the slope was washed clean off". Nothing but these Mexican plants will now grow there. The collection of Figs (some with fine stems) ia very large, and the Euphorbiaceie is an extensive order, well represented. Probably some of the fineat trees are in the tropical order Dipterocarpeic ; but, as I have said, being all more or less fifty years old, you can well imagine there are some fine trunks to be seen. Of the heads one seldom gfts a clear view, BB all are planted in the quarter amongat many others belonging to their order. The herbarium of tropical plants ia most complete, and in course of revision, a moat arduous task. Owing to the dampness of the climate, all dried specimens are enclosed in tin caaea opening outwards and painted black. Beneath this, on the ground floor, is a museum of economic products, all carefully arranged and labelled in glass cases. One contains all kinds of fibres, othera seeda, gums, rattans, oils, gutta- perchas, and barks. This museum is a very interesting place. Outside ihia is a laboratory at the disposal of the analyst, llere, arranged in glass bottles, are plants, and the various parts of plants, all reduced to powder, ready for experiment. The library contains many fine works, and rf ceives the scientific journals of every society of note in Europe. From time to time Dr. Treub also pur- chases rare and valuable works. The gardens publish three journals, one a practical one in Dutch, and one scientific, in which the articles must be in French, German, or Engliah — Dutch is excluled. Dr. Treub tells me all plants, with the exception of ornamental ones, are given away free to applicants ; but ornamental onea are only given in exctiange— no 70 THE GAEDENEBS' CHBONICLE, [Jandabt 21, 1893. money is ever taken for anything from anybody. The temperature at Buitenzorg varies all the year round from 73° to 86° F.,and the rainfall is between 4 to i^ mi-tres. The offices are fairly extensive. In the otfice worii Dr. Treub has two F.uropeans to assist him, his post being from twenty to thirty letters a day. . . t, •. But the most interesting thing in Buitenzorg is the system and the thoroughness of the whole con- ce-n The staff Dr. Treub has at his disposal includes twelve Europeans— all (with the exception of one, German) Dutch, and five of whom are doctors of science. These thirteen in all have six departments —scientific and practical. At the disposal of the gcientific portion is a large well-fitted-up laboratory. AH instruments, &c., necessary to pathology, physio- logy or bacteriology are here, and a gasometer filled with gas made from petroleum, has been recently erected. This gas is not used for lighting purposes, but for creating excessively high temperatures and other scientific purposes. There is also a fine dark room, and another close by with a large camera lor scientific and photographic purposes. In the large laboratory are five tables at the disposal of any Dutchman or foreigner desirous of following a course of study at Buitenzorg. There are usually three or four availing themselves of this privilege— now there are five, including an Oxonian. Germans are those who usually come, often with a grant from some scientific society. Holland gives a biennial grant for one man, and at the present time there is a professor here with a grant from an Austrian society. The usual method is to have six months— a month for the journey each way, and four months to work at Buitenzorg. All is free— tables, instruments, an ex- tensive library— in fact, everything. Jamcs H. Vcitch. ( To be continued.) A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF CANNA. (Continued from p. 43.) 4. C. cocciNEA, Miller, Gard. Diet., edit.viii. (1768), No. 3; Rose, Scif., t. ii. C. rubra, Willd. Stem slender, green, 4 to 6 feet long. Leaves oblong, acute, longer than those of C. Uidica. Inflorescence a lax simple raceme ; bracts small, green, orbicular. Sepals lanceolate, tinged with red, I to J inch long. Petals lanceolate, tinged with red, U inches long. Upper staminodia three, oblanceolate, often dis- tinctlv emarginate, 2 inches long, under \ inch broad'; lip red-yellow, distinctly emarginate. Capsule globose, small. Var. C. sYLVESTKis, Rose, Scit., t. 10. Upper staminodia longer, with a long claw like the emarginate lip, plain deep crimson. Hab.—Vi'iiely spread in tropical America. Here apparently belong C. cmnaharina, fulgida, formosa, portoriccnsis, and surimmensis, of Bouche. We have at Kew an excellent unpublished drawing of C. ftjl- vestris made by J. Curtis in 1819. J. G. Baker. 5. C. LATiFOLiA, Miller, Gard. Bid., edit. viii. (1768) No. 2 ; Rose, Scit., t. 4. C. gigantea, DC, in Bed Lil., t. 331 ; Bot. Mag., t. 2316 ; Bot. By., t 206. C. macrophylla, BouchS. Stem stout, pubescent, reaching a length of 12 to 16 feet. Leaves oblong, acute, green, the lower ones reaching a length of 3 to 4 feet. Inflorescence a panicle formed of several lax racemes; final bracts oblong, green, i inch long; lower branch-bracts brown, scariose, reaching a length of 6 to 8 inches. Sepals oblong, green, \ inch long. Petals lanceolate, tinged with red 2 inches long. Upper staminodia three, oblan- ceolate, bright red, 2.V to 3 inches long, \ inch broad, entire or emarginate at the apex; lip plain bright red, distinctly emarginate. Capsule much larger than in indica and orientaJis. Hah.— \enezae\a, Morit::, 1714 ! Andes of Bogota, alt. 8000 feet, Triana! Here, according to Horaninow, belong C. ncglecta, Weinm. and C. gcnulla, Nees. 6. C. HEL1C0NI.T.F0LIA, Bouche, lo Liuu., viii., 164. Stem 6 to 8 feet long. Leaves oblong, resembling those of Heliconia Bihai, thin, papery, green, the lower 2 to 3 feet long, above 1 foot broad. Inflo- rescence a panicle of several lax racemes. Sepals lanceolate, above h inch long. Petals lanceolate, coloured, h inch long. Upper staminodia three, oblanceolate, scarlet, not much longer than the petals ; lip the same colour. Capsule large, ellipsoid. i?a5.— Mexico, valley of CoriQXB.,Bourgeau,\?ri\. I have no material for separating C..talapensis,'aQa; Rose, Scit., t. 5 ; Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, t. 266. C. esculenta, Lodd. Rootstock large, tuberous, edible. Stem stout, purple, reaching a length of 8 to 12 feet. Leaves oblong, green, or bronzed, the lower 1.^ to 2 feet long. Inflorescence a lax simple or forked raceme ; flowers usually in pairs ■ bracts oblong or orbicular. Sepals oblong- lanceolate, tinged with red, ^ inch long. Petals lanceolate, l.V to 2 inches long. Upper staminodia three, oblanceolate, plain bright red (rarely orange- yellow), entire or emarginate, 2.V inches long, J to \ inch broad ; Up bright red or red-yellow, emargi- nate. Capsule much larger than in C. indica. Haft.— Tropical America. Our Kew specimens are from Pern, South Brazil, and Uruguay, but its native area is quite uncertain. From its rootstock is procured the Canna starch, or Tons les mois, and it is grown in the Paris parks for the sake of its foliage. I have seen cultivated specimens from Madeira and the Friendly Islands, but not from St. Kitts, or any of the West Indies. Lambert raised it from seeds that were taken from a herbarium specimen of Pavon, which was thirty years old. It is called Achiras in Peru. 10. C. FiNTELMAN-Ni, Bouchi5, iu Linn., xviii., 487 ; K. Koch, AUg. Garten:fit., 1S5S, 358, with coloured figure. Stem green, glaucous, 4 to 5 feet long. Leaves oblong, acute, green, glaucous ; the lower a foot long. Inflorescence, a lax, few-flowered, simple raceme ; bracts green, oblong. Sepals oblong, green, I inch long. Petals lanceolate, pale green, IV inc"'h long. Upper staminodia three, oblanceolate,'obtu9e, entire, plain bright yellow, 2.V to 3 inches long, .^ inch broad ; lip oblanceolate, entire, yellow mottled with red. Capsules larger than in C. indica. ^fn^,_Probably Tropical America, if it is not a garden hybrid between glaiwa and indica. C. Schlech- tendahliana, Bouche, placed next to this, has the upper staminodia s, otted with red. The form called GuiUaume Coustoug,6garedm the Gartenflora, 1. 1203, matches the description. 11. C. GI.AUCA, Linn., \Sp. Plant., 1 (excl. syn.) ; Smith, E.Tot. Bot., t. 102 ; Rose, Scit., t. 7. Stem green, glaucous, reaching a length of 5 to 6 feet. Leaves green, glaucous, oblong-lanceolate, very acute, the lower U foot long, about 4 inches broad at the middle, tapering gradually to the ba^e. Racemes lax, simple or forked. Sepals lanceolate, green, rV inch long. Petals lanceolate, yellowish- green, 1.1 to 2 inches long. Upper staminodia three, pale yellow, unspotted, entire, '2k to 3 inches long, i to J inch broad ; lip linear, pale yellow, emarginate. Capsule oblong, li to 2 inches long. Hah. — Throughout Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies to Peru and La Plata. It is the Albara of Piso's book on the Economic Plants of Brazil, published in 1648, and C. angustifolia, Linn, as regards the plant of Morison, from which the specific name is taken. Herq also belong C. stoloni- fera, me.ricana, and longifolia of Bouche. Linnaus confused it with C.flaccida, Salisb., which belongs to another subgenus. J. G. Baker. { To be continued.) The Rosery. GOOD ROSES FOR THE GENERAL CULTIVATOR. The number of Roses that are at the present time catalogued bewilder many a would-be purchaser selecting his varieties for a good collection, for after having read a catalogue over and over again, he at last makes up his mind as to those he will purchase, but do they turn out to his expectation, and give entire satisfaction ? Some may, others will not do. Much of this disappointment with purchases could be remedied by informing the nurseryman the situa- tion of the garden, the nature of the soil, and if the Koses are for outside, or for the greenhouse, or Rose- house. The same advice applies to the purchase of Roses for forcing, on which subject I may at a. future time have a few remarks to make. The fol- lowing list of varieties are, I think, still worthy of a. place in most gardens ; and, although they are old, may be depended on to give good results. Twenty- four hybrid perpetuals suitable for standards or bushes : — Alfred Colomb, bright carmine-red ; Baroness Rothschild, very light rosy-pink ; Beauty of Waltham, bright rosy- crimson ; Boule de Neige, purest white ; Charles Lefebvre, fine bright red, shaded; Dr. Andry, bright red, shaded crimson; Dnchesse de Morny, clear light rose ; Duke of Edin- burgh, rich vermilion ; Duke of Teck, very light crimson-scarlet; Dupuy Jamain, bright cherry-rose ; Earl Dufferin, rich velvety-crimson ; General Jac- queminot, brilliant velvety-red ; ^ohn Hopper, fine rosy-crimson; La France, silvery-peach; Madame- Gabrielle Luizet, light silvery-pink ; Madame Lacharme, pure white; Madame Victor Verdier, vivid carmine ; Magna Charta, bright pink ; Marie- Baumann, light crimson-red ; Marquise de Castel- laine, pure rose ; Merveille de Lyon, white, slightly tinted ; Monsieur Boncenne, blackish-crimson ; Prince Camille de Rohan, very dark crimson- maroon ; S^natenr Vaisse, showy-red. Six best varieties for walls, with south, south- eastern, or south-western aspects :— Gloire de Dijon, Tea, yellow, shaded salmon ; Reine Marie Hen- riette.H.T., deep carmine ; Cheshunt Hybrid, H.T, cherry- carmine ; W. Allen Richardson, Noisette, orange-yellow, beautiful in bud ; Celine Forestier. Noisette, rich sulphur-yellow, requires light pruning ; Mareihal Niel, Tea, golden-yellow, but best indoors. And a few of the hardier Teas for dwarfs and standards:- Gloire de Dijon, Tea, yellow, shaded salmon ; Grace Darling, H.T., white, shaded rose- good ; Francesca Kruger, Tea, copper, shaded yellow and rose ; Madame Lambard, Tea, bright rose; Niphetos, Tea, pure white; Marie Van Houtte, Tea, yellowish-white— edge of petals rose. Six climbing Roses, suitable for covering old tree?, arches, &c., all being rapid growers :— Alice Gray, Ayrshire, white, edged pink ; Felicit6-Perp^tue, ever- green, creamy-white— beautiful ; Polyantha simplex, single immense bunches of white flowers; Polyantha grandiflora, single white large flowers, S inches across ; The Garland (hybrid Musk), nankeen ami pink— large bunches; Splendens, Myrrh-scented, white, edged with red. W. T. C, Kingston Bill. Jancaet 21, 1893.J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. PHAL.ENOPSIS CULTURE. This genus of Orchids is seldom taken in hand by small growers, probably owing to the preTailing belief that other than professional orchidists have no success with it, and it is for the encouragement of those who are not Orchid specialists, that I venture to write a few notes on the cul- ture of these beautiful plants. There exist some grounds for the opinion generally held respecting the difficulty of managing Phaljeaopsis, and to keep them in good health even for only a few years, and one is, that few gardens have special means provided for the accommodation of the plants ; still they may be grown with a fair amount of success in an ordinary plant stove with the other plants, by paying attention to their simple requirements. And Bs an illustration of this fact, I will jot down some particulars of their culture on a limited scale, that is, with twelve plants that are under my charge. These plants were bought in the spring of 1887, In February, 1888, the plants were taken from their pans, their roots washed well by means of the syringe, and then placed in baskets of Teak, which they still occupy. Pieces of charcoal, clean crocks, and sphagnum were the substances used as a rooting medium, and in February of each year the sphagnum, and such particles of crocks and charcoal not fixed to the roots, are carefully removed, and replaced with fresh, after the roots, &c., have been thoroughly cleaned with tepid water, and a top-dressing of spbagnum-moss is again afforded them in August. Although the most healthy roots are found where they are exposed to the light, and either clinging to, or hanging from the baskets, constant care is exer- cised to prevent the direct rays of the sun reaching them, and for this reason the first shade over them is a constant coating of " Summer Cloud," and it is moreover, covered with canvas when the sun shines. No point connected with the culture of these lovely plants is more important than that of shading, and any slight carelessness in attending to it may bring FlO. 14. — LEAF CK THE DOUIILE COCOANCT, 11.I.|:^ TBA IINU ITS DIMENSIONS. (sEK P. 74.) when they were very small, and growing in pans, and although there is now nothing remarkable about them, they are nevertheless satisfactory, considering the circumstances under which they are grown. The best plants are 1'. amabilis, with eight healthy leaves, the largest being l.'i inches long by 4 inches wide, and having at the present time a spike wi h fifteen flowers ; P. SchiUeriana, with si-x leaves, the largest of which is loi inches by 4J inches ; and P. Stuartiana with eight leaves, the largest being 15J inches by 4 inches. These last two plants are now pushing strong Oower-spikes, as are also most of the others. The smallest is a plant of P. violacea with five healthy leaves. The house in which the plants are grown is half- span, with a walk along the back, and in the front a bed of ashes on which Pdlms, and other ornamental- foliage plants are arranged, while two shelves over- hang the path, and are filled with Calanthes. A water-tank with an open dipping-space is placed beneath the end of the bed, and it is over this open part of the tank that the Phalajnopsis are suspended at a distance from the glais of about 2^ feet, the remaining portion of the roof being occupied by plants of Nepenthes. about the ruin of the plants. Watering is another matter of vital importance, and our plants are examined each morning, and twice in a day during very dry weather, when, if the sphagnum, &c , is found approaching dryness, the baskets are liftfd down, and plunged in tepid rain-water. The foliagf is never syringed, but atmospheric moisture, more or less, is always maintained in the house, and regulated according to the conditionsof the weather, forindiscii- mination in this respect would work much mischief, by causing spot, if the amount of moisture were excessive ; and, on the other hand, injury will soon accrue from the contrary, the Phalsenopsis, unlike many Orchids, having no pseudobulbs in which to store a reserve of sap— cynseiiui-ntly. it readily eullVrs from the elft-cts of evaporation. In order to counteract the possi- bility of injury arising from a sluggish moist atmo- sphere, a circulation of the air is brought about by means of small pipes placed at intervals along the apex of the roof at the back and front walls of the house, those in the last named, which abut on the flow ripe of the warming apparatus, being left constantly open, while the others are closed during the winter. Ordinary stove temperature is kept, that for the night in winter being 00°, except in severe weather, when it falls to bo°, the blinds at such times being run down to save fuel, and lessen the evil eff. cts of much artificial heat. The Phalffinopsis sometimes becomes enfeebled if allowed to go on flowering unchecked in the free way that seems natural to the plants, and it is there- fore advisable to rest any plants which appear to be exhausted from this cause, by rubbing off the flower- spikjes as soon as they appear for a season. I have adopted this practice with much advantage to the plants, and have likewise observed the benefit derived through cutting oflT the spikes as soon as their blossoms have expanded, instead of leaving them for a time upon the plants. I cannot help thinking that very little, and what to some mar appear insignificant, circumstances, have much to do with the welfare or otherwise of many plants, parti- cularly those of a sensitive nature, such as the Phalsenopsis. The fact of the plants described above being over a water - tank (which I may mention ha? no pipes in it), and which is placed at the north end of the house, and therefore is not reached by powerful sunshine at any time, has a great deal to do with their good condition. Tnis belief was strengthened lately by the following remarks of an " old hand." distinguished for his knowledge of Orchids. " Oh : 1 have before noticed the PoaUoaopsis doing well in gardens where least expected, and vice i-nsa. What apparently trivial thing do you think vou have to thank for the welfare of these plants?" The position was the answer. " YfS. just so, the tank." 1 cannot, how- ever, accept the first remark as a compliment ; although it was good-naturedly passed. I should have bf en more pleased if something good to be seen had been expected here. Nemo. Vegetables. LAXTON'S CIIOU DE BEDFORD. Tui-s new variety of Borecole, which is to be introduced this season by M<-. T. Lixton, Bedford, I have already tried, and I find it to be excellent. in fact, superior to other kinds of winter (ireens which come into use at the same time. The seed was sown with those of ordinary winter Greens, and the p'ants grown under similar conditions. The plant grows vigorously in rich soil, and requires ample space to develop properly. It pioJuc-s heads in the form of a large loose Cabbage, which, when properly cooked, are of delicious flavour, as are the footstalks of the outer leaves of the head. In my opinion in this respect it is unsurpasfed by any other kindred subjtct of its class which comes into use at the same season, namely, during the autumn and early winter months. fCouve tron- chuda? Ed] So far as my experience goes with it, it appears hardy, and likely to proiiuce sprouts later on ; it will, I believe, be an indispensable suhJHct in most gardens when it becomes known and tested. G. T. Miles, n'l/romhe A hhey. The Apiary. WRAPPINGS. Warmth is all-important to stock directly brood rearing is started by the bees, and any help that can . be afl"orded them in keeping up the internal tempera- ture of the hive in the breeding season will bn a gain to the colony. For this purpose existing wrappings should be increased in thickness at an early date. Various materials are brought into recinisition to serve for wiaps, but anything com- posed wholly or in part of wool is the best. Entrances. Entrances to hives should be looked to, and kept clear of accumulated rubbish and dead bees. A piece of bent wire is the handiest thing to use for the purpose, and can be passed in without disturbing the colony. Skeps with their usually small entrances are more likely to get completely blocked than frame hives, and it is a real source of danger, as bees often get sufTocated from this simple cause. Candy Feeding. Candy is the only permissible food at this season, and it is only those stocks that have been neglected that will require artificial feeding for some weeks to come. Should any stock be short, which can be 72 THE GABDENEFS' CHE ONI CLE. [Janoaet 21, 1893. ascertained by turning back the quilt and examining the combs, or by feeling the weight of the hive, a 2-lb. calie of candy should be placed over the cluster. Indook Pbepabations. This is the time when all plans should be thought out, and decided on, for carrying out next season's work, and every article likely to be required got in readiness. It has been truly said that in beekeeping everything must be done at the proper time, and that to do otherwise is to give success away. If, there- fore, appliances are not to hand, and cannot be pro- cured at the moment they are required, when honey is coming in, it is impossible to act on this truism. A list should be made of such things as brood and super foundations, sections, frames, excluder zinc, &c., which should be ordered as soon as possible. When these come to hand, the work of fitting the foundation in frames and sections can be proceeded with, the latter being then put into the crates, two of which must be provided for each hive intended to be worked for comb honey. ExcLnDEE Zinc. A prejudice appears to exist with many bee- keepers against the use of queen-excluding zinc. It seems to be the impression that it acts as an impediment to the working of the bees. Opinions having been expressed that they lose time in passing through the perforations, and that they must of necessity knock the pollen pellets off their legs. The best way to dispel these ideas is to place a piece of the zinc over the entrance of a populous hive, and watch the result. It will be found that alter a short time the bees will pass in and out of the hive as expeditiously and safely as before. Having proved this much, it will be found to be a good plan to use excluder zinc in all hives, whether worked for comb or extracted honey. In the case of the former, in addition to Iseeping the queen below, it will be a distinct advantage to have the bottoms of the sections free from attachments to the tops of the frames, and will make it much easier to lift up the crate when it is required to remove it it, or to slip a super-clearer underneath. Expert. or stove plant can be placed in this house with safety, and we place Cattleyas, Calanthes, Odonto- glossums— in fact, anything, as the house is kept rather dry. and will be so kept for some little time longer. The Ccclogynes must be watched, and not allowed to shrivel for want of water ; their flower- spikes will now be so far advanced as to be almost out of danger from damp, and when they have arrived at this stage, a heavy watering will assist the plants to push up the flower-spikes. I prefer this house for showing off flowering plants rather than usual show-houses, which are, I think, very injurious to Orchids, for the simple reason that when there is a good show, gardeners are apt to forget the well-being of the plants, and allow the flowers to remain on them for too long a time. It is better to flower the plants in the house they are grown m, the flowers lasting quite as long, and it is better for the plants, unless it be in the summer months, when the show-house is kept moister. The WEEK'S Work. THE ORCHID HOUSES. By W. HOLMKS, Gardener, Picksrimj Lodge, Tiinpsrley. GENERAL REMARKS —Work is not pressing at present; we are busy sponging and cleaning Cattleyas and Lffilias, which" I prefer to do rather than wait till the plants are in a more active state, there being now less danger of injuring the plants, as the pseudobulbs are matured, and the plants are resting. The cleaning ol Orchids during growth is productive of much mischief to roots and new growths. I em- ploy soapy-water only, and when cleaning a Cattleya plant, the sheaths embracing the pseudobulbs are not pulled off doing this, injuring and disfiguring the plant. When a plant is infested with white scale (Aepidiotus sps.), the pseudobulbs can be cleaned by a careful man without stripping off the sheath, using a soft brush and pointed wooden peg. If this species of scale insect be not well searched for at this season, it will greatly increase when the plants commence to grow. Having cleaned the plants, the pots should be washed, and the house put in good order. Cattleya Trian* and C. fercivalliana will require a little more water now, which will be of assistance to them in opening their flowers. THE MEXICAN-HOUSE will be made gay with the flowers of L;clia anceps, dark and white varie- ties. Lajlia anceps Dawsoni still holds its own, with the exception of L. anceps Schroderiana, which, in my opinion, is the finest white-flowered L;vlia. L. anceps Sanderiana is another good white form. Our white varieties are flowering more freely this season than previously, and I think we are either beginning to understand their needs, or they are setting acclimatised. Another fine Liclia is Gould- iana, which should be in every collection. The Mexi- can-house here makes a capital show-house at this season, and in it are grown Cii'logynes, Lrelias, Gym- biJiums, and Sobralias, with plenty of green foliage to set off the flowers. Any species of Orchid THE PIiOWEK GARDEN. By T. \V. CRiSP. Garden'.r, Canford Manor, Wimbome. CHRYSANTHEMUMS AND CLIMBING PLANTS, &C. — All the required Chrysanthemum cuttings having been taken by this time, the stools should be put for a time into cold pits and frames, affording them air when it is not frosty, or in very mild pa'rts of the country they may be turned out of their pots, and planted between shrubs and in the herbaceous border, and thus assist to brighten the garden in late autumn. It is not too early in some parts to sow clumps of Sweet Peas in the open ground in prepared trenches, sowing the seed about 4 or o inches below the sur- face of the ground. The Feas may be sown in clumps or lines, covering the surface with finely- sifted coal-ashes as a protection sgainst frost, and to a certain extent against slugs ; at the same time a sharp look-out must be kept on the latter when the plants begin to come up. These Peas will be in bloom at a very early date. There are raanv species of climbing plants, as Roses, Jasmines, Bignonia radicans. Clematis, and a host of others, which may now be planted for rendering beautiful the bare and unsightly places on walls and buildings. The old- established flowering-plants on walls, &c., should be looked over, and pruned, by taking out the useless and flowerless shoots, being careful not to prune such as produce their flowers on last season's growth before the blooming-period is over. After pruning and regulating, each plant should be made secure by fastening to the wall, &c., in such a manner as will best show off its beauty. Never use the shears, as some do, in pruning a flowering-plant, as this prac- tice may render a plant neat- looking, bat it will effectually spoil its flowering, unless it be a .las- minum officinale, or some of the Clematises which flower on the current year's wood. The early- flowering Clematis of the montana group, as C. patens, C. florida, and C. Sieboldi, flower on the long shoots of the previous season, and naturally these will be retained. Clematis lanuginosa and some of its varieties mav, if trained to walls, be cut down to 3 feet from the ground, they will then furnish the base of the wall with foliage, instead of running away at the extremities. If they do not die down so far as this, they will need to be cut down, unless the bottom of the wall is wanted for other plants. The pruning-back may be done in February. We may mention a few, C. 1. Candida. C. L. nivea, and C. 1. violacea. Cle- matis of the Jackmani type require a deep rich soil, and with plenty of space for the roots to ramble. They flower on the strong summer shoots, and form dense masses of bloom. The plants require a heavy mulch before winter, which may be forked in a*, the end of wintes. The pruning may be done then or at the present time ; for late bloom April is a good time to prune. They should be pruned hard back, whether in beds or on walls and poles. The varieties are numerous, and mostly beautiful. John Gould Veitch, Juanita, Jackmani alba, John Murray, Lady A. Neville, and Lady Bovil are good types of this race. The best way to prune Escallonias and Ceanothus is to cut out the old shoots and lay in a fair amount of voung wood each year, and thus secure abundant flowering of the various species. DISLODGING SNOW.— After a heavy fall of snow followed by a severe frost, very little work can be done outside ; all the smaller evergreen trees and shrubs should be looked over daily if snow fall, to see that the pressure of the snow is not breaking down the branches. The snow can be easily dis- lodged from the taller specimens by means of a long staff having a crutch-end wrapped round with soft cloth, with which the branches should be lifted and allowed to fall, thus dislodging the snow without injury to the plant. PROPAGATION. — Plenty of work may now be done in the matter of propagating and potting various kinds of plants required in the flower garden for summer bedding. Dahlias should be taken from the place where they have lain during the winter, ancJ placed in a gentle moist temperature under the stage of the propagating-house or any similar place, so as to cause them to start. So soon as the young shoots are about 3 or 4 inches long, they should be pulled off with a heel, if pos- sible, and placed singly iu small pots containing good friable soil, in a temperature of about 60° or 65°, where they will root very readily. As soon o» the pots are full of roots, they should be potted on into larger pots, using good rich soil, large 48-8iz* pots being a useful size to grow them in. Thev- should then be placed in a slightly cooler tempera- ture, and with an occasional pinching, and the usual hardening off as the season advances, they will make^ good serviceable plants by the time they are required for the flower garden. Some people divide the old tubers of Dahlias as soon as they have started, and pot them at once into 32 or 48-sized pots; but I believe that nlants obtained in the manner first alluded to flower more freely, and grow on much quicker when first planted out than those having the old tubers attached to them. CANNAS.— Few plants are more easily grown andr propagated than these beautiful plants, now so largely used in sub-tropical bedding. They can be raised from seed, and the good strains come true from seed. If the seed is soaked in tepid water twelve to twenty- four hours previous to sowing, the process of germi- nation will be much assisted. Propagation can also- be effected by division of the root- stock, which work should be proceeded with at once. If each portiort of the root-stock with a bud and roots attached be placed in 4-inch pots, containing rich porous soil, and plunged into bottom-heat of 60°, or thereabouts, they will quickly resume root-action, and grow- rapidly ; they can be propagated without any bottom- heat, but it is a slow process compared with the other, and should not be adopted, excepting large quantities are required. Another way is to divide and place the roots at a certain distance apart ii» boxes c(mtaining the same sort of soil, and then if they are stood in a moist heat, growth soon com- mences. They can be transferred from the boxes to- the open ground when the proper season for doint; so arrives. In sheltered situations with a dry subsoil. I have seen Cannas wintered safely in the open ground with a covering of the depth of 1 foot or so of dry litter or Cocoa-nut fibre refuse oyer the crowns, but this plan of protecting the plants cannot be generally adopted. THE HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. Bt/T. TURTON, Gardener, Maiden Erleijh, Heading. CURRANT BUSHES.— Red and white Currants will produce full fruit for many years if closely spurred-in, and with or without leading shoots being left at the ends of the main branches. Some- times the fruit-spurs get too thick together, in which event, some of them should be cut away. Black Currants should have the very old and the fruitlesa shoots thinned out, cutting these mostly to the ground level, but leaving sufllcient new wood to re- place that which is cut out, also shortening back strong young shoots if the bush is too thin. Alter pruning, aflord the bushes a good mulch of rich manure and in the case of old quarters the addition of fresh soil is to be recommended. Currant bushes are much benefited by heavy watering with liquid manure, one or two of which may be afforded before growth commences, as well as during the summer. Exhausted soil under bushes would be much im- proved if some good fresh soil or burnt earth could be incorporated with it. This would also replace to a certain extent that which gets removed when clearing off summer weeds. Stiff soils only should be shatlow dug with a fork between the rows of bushes, and are benefited by previously dress- ing them with burnt garden refuse. Light soil, if long under bush fruits, becomes so full of roots, that digging amongst the bushes, unless it be for a foot or two in width in the middle of the alleys is unadvisable, and mulching and surfacing with fresh soil, &c., are the only suitable methods of enrichment. APRICOTS— In weather that will enable the gardeners to work efficiently, push forward the Januaby 21, 1893.] TEE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. praniDg and nailing of Apricot trees ; and as these fruits suffer from a too free use of the knife, the aim should be to check the tendency of the tree to make very strong shoots, by timely root-pruning or re- planting. Although it is now late for root-pruning established trees, those which hare been planted not longer than two or three years, and are growing too vigorously, may still be so treated. In doing this, open a trench at 4 feet from the wall, and cut back all the strong roots met with to about 3 feet from the stem, which will prepare the trees for replanting early in the autumn of the current year. It is gene- rally admitted that it is owing to excess of vigour that whole branches die off, and even entire trees at times. Where the preparation of fruit tree borders is being undertaken at this date, if the natural soil should be found unsuited to the Apricot, I would advise the construction of a 4i-inch brick wall, at 41 feet distant from the fruit wall, so as to form a narrow border for the roots, and then, by lifting and replanting the trees until they come into free-bearing, I believe there would be fewer failures than is now the case, and little or no winter-pruning necessary, except that young trees would need to have their young shoots shortened. Some few years ago. after root-pruning the trees on our principal Apricot wall, a trench was taken out parallel to and 4 i feet distant from the wall, and a wall of chalk was built, '.• inches in thickness, to confine the roots, stout boards being used in forming the confining framework, these being kept in place with stout posts, and the chalk well rammed together as it was filled In. This made a strong wall, the top of which was a few inches below the ground, thus preserving it from frost. The results of confining the roots in this way have been good. If brown-scale is found on the trees, |)aint them with Gishurst soap, 3 cz. to the gallon of water : or some other safe insecticide. In training the branches, examine every one of them, and see that old ties and other fastenings which are still service- able do not grip too tightly, and make all secure for the season. I may say here, that of all methods of fastening trees to walls, that of nails and shreds is the worst. FHUITS UNDER GLASS. STRAWBERRIES. — Where supplies of ripe fruit are required within twelve weeks from now, an early variety must be selected with strong crowns (the weaker crowns will answer for late forcing), the pots washed if dirty, the soil pricked out to a slight depth, renewing it with rich loamy soil, pressing it firmly all over with the fingers, and cutting away any wholly decayed leaves. If a heated brick-pit is at command, it is a good place wherein to plunge the pots up to the rim, in a bed of hard tree leaves, there to remain without watering them once, unless the soil be very dry, till they come into bloom. The bed should have been made up about two weeks, and got slightly warmed previous to plunging the pots. The top-heat must not exceed .W at starting, nor the bottom-heat 7.")' ; therefore, half plunging the pots is at first safer than wholly so doing. A slight dewing over after sunny days is desirable, but In dull weather the moisture of the bed will be sullicient. Always leave on a small amount of ventilation, but atfording more when the day temperature reaches 00°. Every week there should be a slight increase of top-heat ; and when a quantity of bloom shows on the plants, shift them into a more airy place, and atfurd water if necessary. Any plants whose leaves start to grow much in advance of the bloom- spike are useless. Sometimes aphis is trouble- some, and must be got rid of by fumigation. When a number of plants is removed, slightly turn over the leaves, rearrange the rest of the plants, and introduce more of them, remembering that as time advances fewer plants will meet the demands for fruit. VINERIES. — The late vineries may now be pruned and generally put in order for the season, as was recommended in earlier calendars. Take every care to eradicate mealy-bug by the use of smothering mixtures, laid thickly on the rods after clearing them of the more loose parts of the bark. Keep the Vines very cool previous to starting them. GOOSEBERRY-HOUSE .--The bushes should be pruned forthwith, dressed afterwards with quick-lime made into a wash and used immediately, and the surface-soil removed to a slight depth from below the plants, replacing it with fresh rich soil ; a mulch need not be used before the fruit begins to colour. Indoors. Gooseberries are usually grown on trellises, and allorded plenty of sunlight ; they will not do satisfactorily under the shade of other things. The house may soon be started at 40^ to 42^ by night. The Cape Gooseberry. Physalis edulis. grows well under Peach-house or Vinery treatment, but it also needs full sunlight. It crops abundantly on one- year-old shoots, and needs a trellis for its support. The treatment afforded the English Gooseberry is suitable also for it. CHERRIES. — A house of these fruits, and almost any kind of a house that is very well lighted, in any aspect, if started now, will produce ripe fruits from pot trees, trained or untrained, or such as are in borders, in about three months. Start at a tempe- rature at night of 40°, and by day of 45° to 50°. The same kind of pruning as that suited to the needs of sweet Cherries out-of-doors is the one to adopt. If in pots, prick out the inert top soil, replacing it by good rich loam and manure, rammed firmly ; and if in borders, take away the upper crust, also redressing them with fresh soil. .ic. See that the drainage is in the best order, both in borders and pots, and when starting the trees, let them have a thorough soaking of water. Do not let the temperature rise higher than 50° by artificial heat for the first month, damping down twice daily, more or less in amount according to the weather. Good varieties for forcing are Knight's Early Black, Early Rivers. Early Pro- litie, Werder'a Earlr Black-heart, May Duke, Royal Duke, &c. \ THE KITCHEN GAKDEN. ISy U. C. Prixsep, GiriUncr. Hiu'.ed Park, Cckjield. EARLY PEAS. — Preparations should now be made for sowing these on a warm border. Little or nothing is gained by sowing earlier, except in very warm sheltered situations, on warm, light, dry soil. On heavy land, we have found that to sow earlier entails much trouble, and it often results in dis- appointment, unless the winter and spring are unusually mild. Many are the devices of gardeners to forestall their neighbours in the production of an early crop of Peas. Many do so by sowing the seed i* pots, on turves, in troughs, boxes, or other contrivances ; but all these modes necessi- tate the use of cold frames and kindred structures to harden olfthe plants previous to planting out. and it is not every establishment thai can command these, especially at this season. The most portable and also the simplest mode that 1 have adopted is to procure some stout match-boards, and, having cut them into lengths the width of the border, to take off one side of the edge that is ploughed. This will leave a rebate on which glass can rest with ease, when the boards are stood up edgeways. The plan is to manure the ground intended for early Peas in the autumn, allowing it to remain till the time of sowing before digging it in. By treating the ground in this manner, the soil which is turned up is much drier and warmer than that on the surface, which has been exposed to frost, snow, and cold rains. The seed is sown as digging proceeds, as this saves trampling on the ground afterwards, for the soil, being freshly turned up. does not adhere to the boots. As each row is sown, match-b lards are stood up edgeways on either side, about *J inches from the drills, with the rebates inside. Pieces of glass, as wide as the space between the boaids are then laid on, their edges resting on the rebates formed as described above. The seed soon germinates, and as frost and cold winds are excluded by the match-boarding, the young plants make rapid progress. If the boards are fastened together, they maybe removed bodily during fine weather, and replaced at night, with little trouble. By this mode of treatment, there is no dirticulty in gathering Peas by the first week in .June, and some of the more tender kinds may be had by the second or third week of that month. For early sowings I prefer such varieties as Chelsea (ieni, Exonlan, or Sutton's Al, which are all good, and are better flavoured than the round varieties. BROAO BEANS. — Make a sowing of these in the open. By planting two rows, 1) inches apart, and allowing 4 inches between the seeds in each row, ample room will be provided till the plants are 2 or 3 inches high, when every alternate plant should be taken out. If more than one row be required, they should not be less than 0 feet apart, a dwarf crop of early Turnips, Lettuce, Spinach, or the like, being sown between. SMALL SEEDS. — Where early Celery is required, make a sowing of some white kind, as these varieties blanch more readily than the red or pink ones. It is well to sow the seed not too thickly, or the plants may get drawn while in a young state. The great secret in growing early Celery is to prevent the young plant receiving any check whatever. The seed should be sown in rich soil, and the plants kept growing till planted out, taking care that they do not become drawn either by overheating or over- crowding. RADISHES should be sown to form a succession, sowing the seed thinly by itself, and not with other crops. See that all young Carrots, Cauliflowers, and Lettuce get plenty of air when the weather is mild, but avoid cold draughts. The Cauliflower is very apt to damp olf if kept a little too close. SPINACH may now be sown in the open, either between the rows of Peas or Broad Beans, or by itself. If the ground has been dug for some time, and is wet and sticky on the surface, wait a few days till It is drier, for the seed would only perish if sown when the soil is in uncongenial condition. PLANTS UNDER GLASS. Hi/ BilLKV WAln.-i, G.i<-deti:r. BirdsiU G.irdent. York. VIOLETS FOR WINTER AND SPRINQ FLOWER- ING-— Where a dally supply of these flowers is required, the best varieties to grow an- Xew York, Marie Louise, Ladv Hume Campbell, de Parme, Czar, or Victoria R?gina, and White Queen. The three first varieties should be planted in garden frames placed on beds of cold manure, and protected from frost ; the last three named are best planted in brick span-roof pits, about S feet wide, and receive no protection in frosty weather but what the closed lights art'ord, and be afforded abundance of air night and day during fine weather. Those in the protected frames, if well watered at the time of planting, say, the beginning of October, will not require any further watering during the first three months of winter. Those in the unprotected pits will flower much later, and onwards into the spring. For fur- nishing a supply during such weather as we have had for the past month, a few lightfuls of New York and Marie Louise should always be left ungathered from the beginning of November. If damp proves troublesome in the frames, cover the soil with powdered charcoal. STOVE FLOWERING PLANTS IN POTS.— Alla- mandas. Buugainvillea glabra. Clerculeuitron lial- fouriana. and other deciduous plants that have been kept comparatively dry in a cool house during the winter, and are recjuired for decorative or exhibition purposes early in the season, should be pruned well back, shook out of the old soil, and repotted into a compost of good turfy loam, leaf-mould, and peat, in about equal parts, with a nice quantity of rough silver-sand, and a free addition of dry cow-dung and started into growth at once ; let the pots be clean and well-drained, and for training use strong deal stakes painted green, but not more than rei|uired of them. Ixoras for the same purpose cut oack and repot, find them more peat than for the above plants, and they may be placed at the warmest part of the stove. Rondeletiaspeciosa mojor may receive the same treatment; wiiter well with tepid water, and syringe dally. Pot Uipladenias into clean, well-drained pots. Soil should be about equal parts of good peat and loam, with a little silver-sand ; let the young shoots twine on their string till they are required for the wire trellis. They delight in a hot, moist temperature ; a wood trellis over a hot- water tank is a suitable place for them. As the days become longer and warmer, let the stove range ' 5° higher at night, 5° to 10° higher by day. TUBEROSES. — Pot a good batch of bulbs for succession about every three weeks, single bulbs into 5 or (i-inch pots, or three bulbs into 8-inch pots, clean and well-drained. A good loam, with some leaf-mould, and sea-sand, will suit them, and give a nice bottom-heat to start them at this season. SHOW AND FANCY PELARGONIUMS. — The best place for these is a span-roof house, with a wood-staging for the plants, as near the glass as possible, where they will get plenty of light and air all about them. Old plants will be growing apace ; regulate the shoots, and keep them well down over the sides of the pots. For exhibition plants, use pots with perforated rims. Pot young plants as required into good turfy loam, leaf-mould, peat, and sea-sand ; do not stop them until about three weeks afterwards, and do not over-water at this season ; the temperature should be 45° by night, and 50° to 55° by day. 74 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Janhaby 21, 1893. EDITORIAL NOTICES. PI.ANTS, See, TO BE NAMED. — Correspondents sending p.anU or /ruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Specimens thould be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than six should be sent at one time. A Ivertlsements sbould be sent to the FUBLISHBR. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. SATDRDAY, M E FTI N GS :;. L8— Rjyal Botanic Society. SALES. ■MAvniv T.w oQ t Hardy Border Bulbs and Plants, at aiu.> L>A 1 , J AN. J,i ., Pj^^ ^^^^^ ^ Morris' Booms. Special Sale of Gladioli, Japanese ) Lilies. Pearl Tuberoses. &c., at TUESDiY, Jan. 24 Prothrroe & Morns' Rooms. Orchids from F. Horsman Sc Co., at !, Protheroe & Morris' Booms. i Japanese Lilies, at Protheroe & i Rcoms. CoosigDment of Newly-imported C'rohids from Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co., at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. CORRECrED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.-38''.3. The Gardeners' The annual meeting held on Rjyal Benevo- Tuesday last at Simpson's, under ''"'• the presidency of Mr. Harry Veitch, was of the usual satisfactory character. The main business of the year was transacted a short time since. On Tuesday last there was little to be done except formally to con- firm what was done before, to appoint the oflicers for the year, and to thank those who served last year for their services. Most of the oflicers remain, but a few changes were made in conformity with the regulations. The financial statement shows a balance on the right side of £035 11«. 7il., as contrasted with £808 16s. \\d. at the corresponding period of last year. The annual subscriptions for the year amounted to .£1307 13s. 6J., much too small an amount, considering the numbers of gardeners in Great Britain and Ireland, and the many claims on the Institution which cannot be met for want of means. The donations include one of .£500 as a thank-offering on the part of Mr. and Mrs. H. J. Yeitch, on the occasion of their silver wedding. The collecting cards brought in £210 10s. 8d., besides which there are two sums of .£695 3s. and £330 13s. 0(/. respectively, one of which, we presume, represents the amount collected at or in consequence of the annual dinner. The investments amount to upwards of £20,000 in Consols and other approved stock. On the other side of the account we find the amount granted in pensions amounted to £2634 6s, 8d. The annual dinner is debited with £76 18s. 91., but nothing is said as to the receipts from this source, unless the surmise above-mentioned is correct. It was proposed that J. Mitchell, aged seventy-seven, and Elizabeth Rogers, aged sixty-three, be, in accordance with the rules, voted on the pension list without election from December 2.5, 1802. This proposition was seconded, and carried unanimously. In conse- quence of two deaths among the pensioners, it was also proposed that, after the ten candidates were elected, the two next highest on the poll be elected, making, in addition to the two above mentioned, twelve pensioners. This motion was unanimously adopted. Messrs. H. Cutbush, G. Munro, J. Webber, II. Williams, and B. W'ynne were appointed scrutineers, and later in the afternoon declared the poll, those with an asterisk prefixed being elected pensioners of the Institution. The total number of votes polled was 42,337. .lohn Butler, 1.559; Jane E. Nichols, 1156; *W. Coleman, 1002 ; 'James Munro, 2375 ; *II. Woolford, 2147; 'T. H. Bowler, IcOO; 'Henry Bridden, 2075 ; Clara E. Brown, 612 ; John Collier, 184 ; Henry Fielder, 725 ; EmmaKendall, 1240 ; 'George Macintosh, 2032 ; Ann Nixon, 587 ; 'James Kicks, 2160 ; Thomas Thomas, 1030; 'Samuel Tisdale, 2137; 'George Wood- gate, 2183 ; Francis Woodhams, 737 ; Thomas Bundy, 07 ; James Clarren, 514 ; John Comber, 674; David Cornell, 34; Hester Falconer, 147; Thomas Gooch, 845; 'Mary Gray, 2012; John Guyett, 1113 ; William Hale, 40 ; Ann Harding, 633; "Margaret Kefford, 2837; Kichard King, 475 ; 'Agnes Merritt, 1931 ; Ambrose Minty, 170; John Pearcey, 131; Robert Bettit, 601; James Strachan, 129 ; Eliza Webb, 252 ; William Pamplin, 760. W^hen the business of the day had been con- cluded, was held the annual friendly dinner, under the presidency of H. Seymour FosTER,Esq., M.P., who was supported on the right by Mr. H. J. Veitcu, and on the left by Mr. X. Sher- wood. The chairman, during an appropriate speech, when proposing the toast of the Insti- tution, took occasion to congratulate the mem- bers upon the good and economical management of the funds, and upon the wise alterations that had been made in the rules at the recent revi- sion. We think he was right in recommending the Institution as worthy of support in propor- tion to the encouragement it gave to gardeners to help themselves. Three instances were given by Mr. Foster to show that in the election on Tuesday these facts were not lost sight of. In one case, a gardener had been elected at the age of seventy-seven years, and who had been a sub- scriber to the Institution for no fewer than forty-six years ; in the second case, for as many as thirty years ; whilst in a third case the unfortu- nate applicant had been reduced to this extremity through the attack of some brain disease, at the comparatively early age of forty-seven. This man had collected £10 in 1887 towards the Institution. This is as it should be, and we think that the more clearly our gardeners see that these matters are considered during an election, the more ready will they be to become members. All will regret that the funds did not admit the election of all the candidates — none of whom are undeserving or ineligible; and we feel sure that greater efforts will be made during the coming year than have been made in the past, although we would not for a moment disparage the hard work that has already resulted in the success which has been achieved. The toast of the Institution was coupled with the name of Mr. Sherwood, who touchingly referred to the enforced absence of Mr. Jno. Lke, of Hammersmith, who has seldom, if ever, been absent from the annual meeting before, for a period of about fifty years. All who have worked for the Institution will acknowledge the splendid support it has received from Mr. Lee, and will join in the hope expressed on Tuesday, that the indispo- sition from which he is suffering will be but temporary. The Double Cocoa-nut at Ktw. — In July, 1800, Kew received two germinating nuts of the doable Cocoa- Nut (Lodoicea sejchellarum) from the Seychelles, where this Palm is a native. They were nursed along in one of the small private stoves until the beginning of last summer, when they were transferred to the Victoria-house, and placed over the tank in which the Victoria is cultivated. The water in this tank is kept at a temperature of about 75°, the temperature of the atmosphere varying with the sun's warmth ; no shading is ever used, and the house is well ventilated. These conditions are suitable for the Victoria regia and for many other plants cultivated in that house, notably some rare and interesting Palms. The fact that such plant» as Manicaria, Mauritia, Pholidocarpus, Borassus, Hyphtene, Bismarckia, and Socratea, had not only lived but grown most vigorously in this house, whereas in other houses and wiih most special treat- ment they either would not grow oi- grew very badly, naturally suggested that the double Cocoa-nut would most likely thrive there too. The plant was, there- fore, in June, placed over the water-tank, with the bottom of the pot (a 15-inch) touching the water ; the nut, still attached, was held in position, and the plant was allowed all the light, air, and moisture that the conditions of the house already mentioned afforded. Here it grew rapidly, the two leaves it made during the summer being very large, and as firm almost as iron. It was hinted that all this growth was kept up by the large quantity of nourishment stored up for this purpose in the enormous seed, and which was absorbed by means of the stoat " umbi- lical cord " connecting the seed with the baby giant. The plant grew so large that the pan it was growing in looked far too small, and after all, there might be plenty of root-growth, notwithstanding all that the doctors had said. A pot 2 feet in diameter was therefore prepared, and the pan carefully removed preparatory to repotting. It turned out that not only had the plant rooted, but the ball of soil was enclosed in a close network of healthy rootlets, with tips which told a very plain story. The nut may be feeding the. seedling still, but there are roots enough, I feel certain, to enable it to get along very well on its own account. " Water culture " is a really wonderful restorer of sick plants. It also- answers for many plants which, tried in any other way, have always refused to do any good at all. Some day 1 hope to be able to tell an interesting story of the effects of water culture on plants which, on the face of things, when wild appear to thrive best where water is scarcest. The dimensions of the Lodoicea when re-potted were : — Seed, 1 foot by 1 foot by 8 inches. Number of perfect leaves, three ; first leaf: petiole, 18 inches long; blade, 2 feet long by 2 feet in diameter; second leaf: petiole, 2^ feet long ; blade, 4 feet by 4 feet ; third leaf: petiole, 3 feet long ; blade, 4i feet by 4^ feet ; number of folds in blade, fifty-six. This last leaf is not yet quite unfolded. The plant is barely two and a half years old. IV. W. [See figs. 12, 13, 14, and the supplementary sheet.] MaCROZAMIA spiralis.— The specimen repre- sented in the supplementary plate, is one of a pair which was purchased for Kew at an auction sale in London last July for twenty-nine shillings. They each weigh about half a hun- dredweight, and measure round the egg-shaped trunk 6 feet. These two were the largest of an importation of Australian Cycads, which probably did not realise when sold more than the cost of carriage. There is practically no market for such plants in England. The plant in the picture ia exceptional, in that it produced six full-sized male cones simultaneously, each cone being 8 inches long by 2 inches in diameter, bright green when young, plum-coloured when mature. Tlie female cones are much larger, examples in the Kew museum measur- ing 12 inches in length by 8 inches in diameter, and being composed of large broad-topped scales, each of which bears a pair of large nut-like seeds. All the Macrozamias are ornamental, and they alt thrive in an ordinary stove. They are exceptionally valuable for furnishing largi tropical houses. M. spiralis is the common type of a group, which ia stem and foliage closely resemble each other, vii.. Januabt 21, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 75 M. Fraseri, magnificently represented at Kew ; JI. lloorei, a comparatively new diecovery in Qaeeneland, where it forms pillar-like trunks 20 feet high ; M. corallipes, and the new M. Dyeri. The most beau- tiful of all, however, is M. Macleayi, the specimens of which in the Palm house at Kew, at least equal in elegance the finest examples of Cycas revolnta. Next to this I should place M. Hopei. Of course, some of the newer species may be as good or better garden plants than any of these, but as yet we know them only as small plants. M. heteromera, with bifurcate pinnas, is one of the most interesting of these, and M. Fawcetti and M. Dyeri also look promising. The Australian representatives of Cycadacese comprise Macrozamia, about a dozen species ; Cycas, four species ; and Bowenia. M. spiralis is said to have been introduced into England in 1796 from New South Wales, where, according to Mr. C. Moore, Director of the Sydney Botanic Gardens, it extends along the coast from Port Macquarie to very near the borders of Victoria, a distance of nearly 300 miles. " It is a gregarious plant ; wherever found it is in great abundance, and massed together. In many places it occupies large areas, and indicates a poor stiti' ironstone clay soil. In some of its southern habitats it is found with perfectly cylindrical stems, at least (J or 7 feet high, and from 2 to 2| feet in diameter ; but about Sydney and northward the stem is cone-shaped, and rarely rises above the ground more than from 6 to 18 inches. 'Burranrang' is the name by which it is known to colonists. The upper part of the stem is densely covered with a fine soft wool, which has been used in some districts for stulling beds, and a good starch has been obtained from the seeds, which also, when washed, or sliced and steeped for some days in running water, or roasted, were largely used by the aborigines for food. Without some pre- caution of this kind, they are in a fresh state dangerously acrid." (Notes on Ote Genia Macroiamia, by C. MooBB, F.L.S., Sydney, 1883). W. ]K The Royal Horticultural Society.— We are glad to see that the Society has issued a revised list of the awards made at thi> several committees, completed up to date. Such a document is not only essential to many of us at the present time, bat it will be very valuable from an historical point of view, as showing what were considered the best and most noteworthy varieties in the middle and latter half of the present century. No doubt exception could be taken to some of the awards that have been made, as well as to errors of omission, but we feel confident that no other body but the Royal Horti- cultural Society eould have produced a better or more impartial record, or, indeed, anything approach- ing to it. The well-attended meetings of the com- mittees, and the excellent and interesting fortnightly meetings, prove the correctness of our statement. No one who visited the fortnightly meeting at the Drill Hill, James Street, Westminster, on Tuesday last, would have thought it midwinter. The number of committeemen present was large, a fact not to be wondered at, when we mention that there were no fewer than ten meetings of one sort or another on that day, and that many or most of those present had to attend at more than one of the ten. Besides this, the show was very interesting. The severe weather did not prevent Messrs. Low, Sandeb, Williams and Veitcu from sending choice Urchids. Mr. BusYAHD vindicated the uncon(iuered (invicta) county of Kent by a splendid lot of Apples, and Mr. CuHAL did valiantly in the same way for Sussex. Cyclamens lent colour ; whilst a fine group of Begonia Gloire de Sceaux came from the gardens of Leopold DE HoTiiscuiLD, and attracted the attention of all the connoisseurs. The plants were well-grown, the foliage a rich deep bronze, and the flowers deep rose coloured, and well set up above the foliage. Among the Orchids was a well-grown plant of a Cycnoches, shown under the name of C. Mannii, but supposed to be the male plant of C. pentadactylon. It was shown by W. Mann, Esq., Ravenswood, Bexley, and bore no fewer than 247 expanded flowers. For the rest, see our report in another column. New Railway Rates.— We have received the following letter from Mr. Goodchild, who did such good service in this matter some time since, and who compiled the elaborate table which we published in 1SS9. " My attention has been drawn to the article on this subject in your last issue, and 1 am glad to see that at length the interest of the trade in this somewhat complicated subject has been awakened. 1 believe it is not yet too late to do something, although the extent of that something may be some- what problematical. The noose is adjusted round the neck of various trades, but (pardon the sepul- chral simile), the bolt is not yet drawn. The position of the matter at the present time is not what it was in 1889. Since then the classifications and maxi- mum rates and charges have received the sanction of Parliament, and can be enforced ; accordingly the railway companies have the advantage of the position. la replying to a letter from R. Fabeance in your issue of January 18, 1890, 1, in a letter which appeared in vour issue of February 1, 1890, wrote as follows: — "When, however, a comparison is made between the actual rates now paid by Mr. Fahrance and the proposed maxima, 1 nuite agree that he will be at a great disadvantage, that is, if the company choose to avail themselves of their full powers to charge their maxima. This is what the trade has hitherto failed to realise, and what my association is endeavouring to obviate. I'adoubtedly a vast increase in rates will be the result of the enquiry unless steps be taken to prevent it. When the labours of the enquiry are ended, and the railway companies commence to wield their newly-acquired powers (their protestations to the contrary, notwith- standing", 1 imagine that the ranks of your corre- spondents having the same experience as Mr. Fau- aANCE will be considerably enlarged. Their consola- tion of vainly beating the air will be very poor," &c. My object ii^vriting this letter is not to justify my opinion then expressed, but to point out that there is still a locus panitentiit, but no time to lose. The companies are now placing out feelers, and inviting the trades to communicate with them, and for this purpose are fixing the rates purposely higher than those formerly charged. Many trades are taking advantage of the modus vivcndi thus created ; but woe to those who do not. When once this oppor- tunity has passed, sad indeed will be their state, for they will be made to bear the burdens of which the other trades will be relieved. In other words, the concessions made to the trades which now agitate for them will be given at the expense of those which do not. Possibly a reference to the articles in your issues of April 20, August 10, October 26, Novem- ber 2 and 16, December 14, December 28, 1K8U; January 18, January 25, and Febmary 1, 1890, will refresh the minds of your readers as to the import- ance of this matter. F. C, Goodchild, Croydon. The Suryeyors' Institution.— The next ordinary general meeting will be held on .Monday, January 23, 1^93, when a discussion will take place on the papers (1) by Mr. P. I). TucKK'rr (fellow), entitled "A Short Explanation of the Proposed Bimetallism as affecting British Interests ; " and (2) by .Mr. A. Goddabd (professional associate), entitled " The Currency tiaestion and Land," read at the last meeting. The chair to be taken at 8 o'clock. The Selfish Botanist.— There is a type of botanist who is becoming a dreadful nuisance, and he ought to be abated. WohujWobth said he would despoil his mother's grave for a rare plant ; and yet in Ireland, according to the Imh Xaturaliit, they stimulate him to activity at meetings of field clubs by ofTering prizes for a collection of the rarest flowering plants in the ground covered by the excur- sion. If the collection was of any more use to any- body than a bundle of dry hay, one might not complain. But is it? In this particular case, the only practical result of the prizes must be, not the shedding of new light i':i biological problems, but simply the extinction o rure forms in the eastern part of Ulster. Perhaps tkis prize- giving accounts for the disappearance of Saxifraga opposi- tifolia from these regions. But the disgusting thing about the haymakers who call themselves botanists is, that they are now carrying on a vulgar trade under the cloak of science. We know of a place in Essex where an extremely rare Orchid is to be found. It is with pain that we recently heard it had been ran- sacked, but not with surprise that we afterwards learnt specimens were being advertised at a high price for sale to collectors. Daily Chronicle. Borough of Croydon Chrysanthemum Society.— The date at which the above will hold their autumn show is unavoidably altered from November 8 and 9 to November 14 and 15. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin, in accordance with the last will and testa- ment of Dr. Cksare Alessandbo Bbessa, and in conformity with the programme published Decem- ber 7, 1876, announces that after January 1, 1891, a competition for the ninth Bressa Prize was entered on, and to which according to the testator's will, scientific men and inventors of all nations are admitted. A prize will therefore be given to the author or inventor, whatever be his nationality, who during the years 1891 — 94 " according to the judg- ment of the Ivjyal Academy of Sciences of Turin, shall have made the most important and useful discovery, or published the most valuable work on physical and experimental Science, Natural History, Mathematioj, Chemistry, Physiology and Pathology, as well as Geology, History, Geography, and Statistics." The term will be closed at the end of December, 1894. The sum fixed for the prize, deducting the income- tax, will be of 10,416 (ten thousand four hundred and si.xteen francs), £120. The person who intends to compete must declare his intention within the time above-mentioned, by means of a letter ad- dressed to the Prtsident of the Academy, and send the work with which he competes. The work must be printed, manuscripts are not admitted. The works of the competitors, which do not obtain the prize, will be returned to them, when asked for within six months from the adjiilication of the prize. None of the Italian members, resident or not resi- dent, of the Turin Academy can obtain the prize. The academy awards the prize to the scientific man considered most worthy of it, even if he has not formally entered upon the competition. The Presi- dent of the Academy, M. Les.sona ; the Secretary of the Commission, A. Naccabi. Horticultural Instruction. — We under- stand that Mr. G. Gaunkii, Amberwood, Christchurch, Hants, has been appointed by the Poole Technical Instruction Committee to deliver a course of lectures on horticulture, the first of which was given at Parkstone on January 10 on " The Chrysanthemum." Dr. Jas. Clabk, M.A., of the Yorkshire College, Leeds, is giving a course of twelve lectures on " Horticulture " in the National School, Howden, on Monday tvenings. The preliminary lecture was held on Monday, the 9th inst. Dr. Clabk, who is thorouRhly master of his subject,' is an able and fluent lecturer, who can impart knowledge in a way that everyone can under- stand. A summer course was given last year, and the average attendance was then nearly one hundred, which was very creditable considering that the lectures were given in the midst of the election campaign. To add to the interest of these lectures, Messrs. DicB-soN of Cheater, Waue of Tottenham, and Clidban of Altrincham contributed specimens of cut flowers for the inspection of the class. Howden is in the centre of a horticultural district, and possesses a first-class horticultural show. Two courses of six lectures, in si.t dif- ferent centres, upon fruit and vecetable culture, have just been completed in the county of Norfolk, by W. K. Woooio: k, under the auspices of the Technical Eilucat.on Committee of the .Norfolk County Couiic ■. Most of theie lectures have been well at' ended, and much interest lus 76 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januabt 21, 1893. been shown in the subjects treated upon, inso- much, that at the meeting of the County Council on January 7, it was decided to appoint Jlr. Wood- cock as permanent lecturer and instructor on horti- culture for the county. Previous to entering upon this permanent engsgement, however, Mr. Woodcock, has to fill a prior one with the Local Committees of Bath, Wincanton, Yeovil, and Taunton, in the county of Somerset, to give short courses of lectures in tach of these districts, commencing on Monday, January 16, and continuing until April, after which he returns to Norfolk. In the meantime, Mr. Thos. BuNFAED has been engaged by the Norfolk Technical Education Committee to give one or two coursfs of similar lectures (from the same syllabus) to those given by Mr. Woodcock. The lectures delivered by Mr. Woodcock, deal with the following subjects : — I. Allotment Gardens and Potato Culture ; II. The Orchard and its Management ; III. Garden — ll'jot Crops ; IV. Small Fruits ; V. Garden — Green Crops ; VI. Insects and Fungi. Mr. Alfred Parsons.— This distinguished floral and landscape artist, who spent a large portion of last year painting in Japan, gave an exhibition of his pictures in the Imperial Hotel, in Yokohama, towards the end of November. The invitation issued was taken advantage of by nearly the entire foreign community, and the local papers were loud in their praises of Mr. Parsons' work, " We who live among the beauties of Japanese foliage and flowers," says the Ja/)a« iVaj/, " and are accustomed to see them perpetually under her skies of enchanting softness and delicate purity, do not perhaps realise fully what is meant by such a tour dc force as Mr. Passons' perfect representations involve. But to the discriminating section of the public in the West, the pictures will open a new vista of delight. We speak chiefly of foliage and flowers, because, although Mr. Parsons' landscapes command no less attention, his trees and blossoms stand on a plane of artistic achievement far above anything we have ever had the pleasure of teeing in the same line." Veitch Memorial Prizes.— At a meeting of the trustees of the Veitch Memorial Fund, held on Tuesday last, the 17th, at the Kojal Horticultural Society, James Street, Victoria Street, S.W., Dr. EoBEET Hogg in the chair, it was decided that the medals and prizes placed last year at the disposal of the Royal Horticultural Society and the Manchester Botanic Gardens, but not competed for, should be again ottered this year, viz., at the Temple Show to be held May £5 and 26, a Medal and prize of £5 for the best six hard-wooded greenhouse plants in bloom ; and at the special exhibition of Orchids to be lield in the Manchester Botanic Gardens, May 19, i. Medal and prize of £j for the best Hybrid Orchid in bloom, already in commerce ; and a Medal and priz; of £.5 lor the best hybrid Orchid in bloom, but not in commerce. It was also decided to place a Medal and prize of £5 at the disposal of the Koyal Horticultural Society to be competed for at the Great Fruit Show to be held at the Agricultural Hall, Islington, on August 20, and three following days. Also a Medal and prize of £5 to be competed for at the Ghent Quinquennial International Ex- hibition to be held in April, for the best Hybrid plant in the exhibition. And a Medal and prize of £j to be competed for at the annual exhibition of the Clay Cross Horticultural Society in August. FflUlT FROM South Africa.— Messrs. Donald Cdkkie & Co., following up the special eff"ort8 made by the Castle Line last season in connection with the import of Cape fruit to this country, have con- siderably extended and increased the number of the cool chambers provided in their steamers for the conveyance of fruit. The " Warwick Castle," due in London this week, brings a consignment of Apricots, and a large shipment of Grapes and other fruit is expected to arrive shortly. The Castle Line some time ago fixed the rate of 40s. per ton for Apples and other fruit carried ns ordinary cargo. A pam- phlet, published last winter by Mr. P. A. Moleno, on the cultivation, packing, and shipment of fruit from South Africa, was very favourably noticed in the press, and copies of this h,-oc!iure may be ob- tained free on application to Messrs. Donald CnREiB & Co., 1, 2, 3, and 4, Fenchurch Street, London, E.C. WiDCOME Institute Horticultural Club. — The first meeting of the season of this Club was held on Tuesday, January 10, at the Church Rooms, the President, W. Pojiphby, Esq., in the chair. Mr. S. J. Paeitt read an interesting paper on " Planting and Pruning Fruit Trees," for which he received the cordial thanks of the members present. Torquay District Gardeners' Associa- tion.— Over seventy members attended the first annual dinner of the above, held last Wednesday at the Exeter Hotel, Torquay. Mr. W. Ainslie occu- pied the chair, and Mr. W. B. Smale was the vice- chairman. The Society is rapidly advancing, the membership being now over 120, and is in a finan- cially good position. The forming a reference library for members is contemplated, and several valuable works have been promised by the President (Mr. W. Layers), Mr. Ainslie, and others. STOCK-TAKING; DECEMBER, AND 1892.— The past year has been an instructive one, hut the lessons have been broken up by us into monthly parts, of which the twelfth has now to be noticed. A large decrease in the imports of the month, as com- pared with December, 1891, has to be noted — in fact, with one exception, there is a decrease in values, if not in bulk, all round. The following extract from the summary of imports will be found of more than usual interest : — Imports. 1891. 1892. Difference. Total value for month S. £»3.a61.980 £. £37,879,129 £. -5,383,851 }ir.— (A.) Articles of food aad driak — duty free ... 15.353.933 12.837,146 —2,521,787 (B.) — do., dutiable 3,388,078 2,355.631 -32,547 JVI.— Raw materials for textile manufac- Flax, Hemp, and Jute) 11,607,500 ;1, 423,354 —2,184,306 (Vri.— Raw materials forsundry industries and manufactures (including wood and timber, hewn, sawn, split, dressed ; vege- table materials, for paper-making, &c.) :i,912,960 2,512,151 —130,809 jIX. — MisceUaneous articles (including Clover. Grass. Flax, Rape, Linseed) • 1.811,333 1,475.670 —335,663 (B.)— Parcel Post ... t)7,605 41,261 —26,344 Much of the apparent fall in imports is due to the great fall in prices in cotton and bread-stuffs ; the terrible weather on the Atlantic during the closing weeks of the year has had much to do with the number of deficits ; this is shown by the great reduction of ships entering British ports, as com- pared with December in 1^91 ; hemp, jute, and other raw material have really fallen olf, but, as a rule, the foieign producer is suffering much through low prices on this market. The following figures are taken from the general statement in the section devoted to food imports ; — Imports. 1891. 1S92. Fruits, raw ; — Apples bush.i 579,064 i 588.653 Cherries ... Oranges and Lem ons ,, 1,434,150 1,140,924 Pears 7,620 Grapes 2,694 Unenumerated, ,. ■ 48,420 : 27.898 Onions „ 1 303,806 306,161 Potatos cwt. ' 60,705 305,715 Vegetables, une rated, raw. value £56,277 £52,405 -f9.589 —293,228 -(-7,620 -1-2,694 —20,522 -f2,355 -f 245,010 —£3,873 informed us our suggestion was referred to the Departmental Committee of the Board for the revi- sion of the accounts, but, owing to the number of more urgent claims in other directions, the Com- mittee have not felt justified in recommending any further distinctions in regard to these articles, for the present. Possibly growers and others would like to know what it is we import, and whence this comes. Agents are very reticent ; they are in the habit of keeping their knowledge to themselves — it is their monopoly. However — The Exports for the month show a reduction of 2| per cent, on the record for December, 1891 — the fall is in value, not in bulk ; manufacturers and all concerned in selling have to put up with reduced profits to retain that hold on markets which it would be unwise to let slip, unless, of course, in cases of decided loss. We may just note here that the exports for the month of December amounted to £19,304,636, as compared with £19,839,815. We may add to these exports of British and Irish produce the figures for foreign and colonial merchandise, viz., £6,468,205, as against £5,521,957 in 1891. It may be as well to give some statistics now relating to the trade of The Yeab 1892, and we may be forgiven the exhibition of a little pride over the record of the enormous extent of our trade. Imports and exports added together foot up £650,952,402. The imports give a total of .£423,892,178 — a decrease in value as compared with 1891 of £11,799,101. It is scarcely needful here to say that the great (all in the price of raw material has enabled us to compete with foreign rivals ; though, wonderful to relate, the heavy fall in the price of breadstuffs has not profited the consumer much, bread being sold at the same price now as it was when Wheat was 10s. per quarter dearer ! Foreign producers send all their surplus stocks here at a cost which not much more than covers handling and carriage. The figures connected with fruits and vegetables are as follows : — Imports for Year. Fruit, raw :— Apples, raw Cherries ... Plums Pears Grapes Unenumerated Onions Potatos 1882. . bush. 3,147,373 4,514,700 ,. „ : ... 216,990 .. „ ' ... • 413.315 .. ,. I ... 637.211 761.433 3.190,211 841,022 4.281,046 4,420,276 3,192,836 3.008,336 4-1.367, 4-216, 4-413, 4-637, +16i. —2,649, 4-139, —184, The line unenumerated still remains in connection with these imports. Months since we asked the President of the Board of Trade to substitute details in lieu of these bare words; the other day he valuej £932,887 £1,016,280 •f£«3,393 These figures are well worth the space they occupy here ; they prove that it pays the foreigner to send his wares to us— that it might pay ns to take this trade out of his hands by growing very much of it our- selves. But we are sadly handicapped in the struggle — what with antiquated laws, insufficiency of capital, and transport charges. Turning, for a brief moment, to the year's exports, we record the figures at £227,000,224 as against £247,235 150, a reduction of £20,174,926. We must place a large amount of this reduction to the credit of reduced prices, and so of profits (before referred to). We have quite got the better of the McKinlay tariff, and look forward to an extended trade with our cousins over the water. All sorts of efforts are made to " tariff us " out of various markets, and the struggle is a very hard one. Trade is also hampered by gigantic swindling here and there, and by political jealousies and racial anta- gonisms. We can only hope that efll'orts will be made in the present year to ameliorate all these conditions, and so bring profit to producer, manu- facturer, and worker. Scottish Horticultural Association.— The annual general meeting of the Scottish Horti- cultural Association was held at 5, St. Andrew ^V January 21, 1S93.] THE GA RDENER S ' CUB ONI CL E. 77 Sqaare on Taesday night, the 10th inst. There wss a very large attendance of members, Mr. W. M. Welsh, the retiring president, in the chair. The secretary and treasurer read their annnal reports, which were unanimously approved of, and the following office-bearers were appointed for the ensuing year:— Hon. president, his Grace the Dake of Buccleuch ; president. Councillor A. D. Mac- kenzie; vice-presidents, Messrs. W. M. Welsh and John Methven ; secretary, Mr. Robert Laird ; treasurer, Mr. Alex. Mackenzie. The following gentlemen were added to the council in room of the five retiring members : — Messrs. D. P. Laird, W. M'Kinnon, George Wood, R. W. E. Murray, and Alex. Milne. 1'. was unanimously agreed, on the motion of Mr. Mackenzie, that " The council of tlie association be empowered to devote a portion of the surplus funds of each year to the relief of gardeners, their widows or orphans, in necessitous circum- stances." A vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. W. M. Welsh, the retiring president, for his past conduct in the chair, and also to the secretary and treasurer. Beckenham Horticultural Society.— The above Society, which numbers nearly lilK) members, held a social meeting at the Public Hall, Beckenham, on Wednesday, .January 11, Mr. B.^ker, one of the Vice-Presidents, doing the duties of chairman, in the absence of the President of the Society, Pro- fessor CnEsniHf: lent microscopes and a splendid lot of stereoscopic slides for the edification of the visitors. At the close of the entertainment a handsome silver tea-service was presented to Mr. Thornton, the Hon. Secretary, by Mr. A. .7. Baker, in the name of the donors and the members of the general committee of the Beckenham Horticultural S3ciety. Emigration to the Colonies and South America. — We have the following circular for publication from the Emigrants' Information Office, 31, Broadway, Westminster. The .Tanuary Circular* of the Emigrants' Information Oflice, and the Annual Editions of the Penny and other Hand- books, with maps, show the present prospects of emigration. A I'nited States circular ia also issued for the first time. Branch offices are now organized at Bradford (Vorks), Cardiff, Djvizes, Glasgow, Hereford, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle- upon-Tyne, Heading, and Wolverhampton — mostly in connection with free public libraries, where all information may also be obtained. Emigrants to Canada should prepare to start in March, so as to arrive when winter is over, and the busy season begins. The Canadian Government is offering bonuses of '> to 10 dols. a head to those who take up land in the North- West or British Columbia. The Dominion Immigration As;encies are now abolished, except at the ports of landing; in Mani- toba and the North- West the Dominion land agents now act as immigration agents also, and new arrivals should apply to these. Young men who are going to Canada with a view to learn farming are strongly advised to pay no fee as farm-pupils, but to apply for information to the High Commissioner for Canada, 17, Victoria Street, London; or, to the chief clerk at this office. Work in New South Wales, especially in the towns, continues to be scarce. Sydney sufferi, as usual, most of all from the pre- vailing depression, and no one without money should go there at the present time unless he has work waiting for him. Between February and October last over 14,000 persons registered themselves as unemployed at the government labour bureau in Sydney; employment was found for about G.SOO of these, mainly in country districts. The late strike at the Broken Hill Silver Mines has thrown large numbers of miners out of employment. With respect to Victoria, over 13 000 persons have registered themselves since last .Tune at the government labour bureau in Melbourne as unemployed. The great bulk of the applicants were labourers, and, among mechanics, carpenti!rs and painters appear to have suffered the most. In South Australia almost the only demand last ()uarter was for ploughmen, shearers, and general farm and station hands, of whom, how- ever, there was a plentiful local supply. In Queens- land the re-introduction of the Pacific Islanders to work on the sugar plantations, has given an impetus to sugar growing at Bundaberg and elsewhere, but work generally is slack, and there is no demand for fresh hands. In Western Australia, farm labourers, men in the building trades, navvies, general labourers -HVP0H9TF.S MO?CHATA. and miners have been well employed. In Tasmania the mining industry at Zeehan has been much de- pressed ; owing to the bad times the government has reduced expenditure on public works, and has introduced proposals for iiurfased taxation. In New Zealand, the main feature during the last few months has been the continued demand for public land, which has been taken up for the most part on the perpetual lease system by large numbers of settlers. Cape Colony and Natal off^^r redu2ed pasvages to mechanics, female servants, and others, for whom there is a limited demand in parts. In all the above- mentioned colonies there is a demand for finall capitalist?, farmers, fruit-growers, and female servants. As the Brazilian government are en- deavouring to introduce European labourers into some of the tropical provinces of Brazil.it bfcomfs necessary to repeat again most strongly the warn- ings which have been frequently issued from this office against British emigration to that country. The heat of the climate, the strangeness of food and language, the low rate of wages, ami the conditions of life generally, which a British farm hand or mechanic must put up with in B'azil, are such as to make that country quite unsuited to him. HYPOESTES MOSCHATA. Fbom material supplied to us by Biron Sir Ferdinand von Mueller, we are now able to give an illustration (fig. 15) of n plant which is likely to be of importance as a perfume-producing plant. It is an Acanthaceons plant, native to Arnhem's Land, North Australia, and is described by Sir Ferdinand as a perennial herb, pervaded by singularly penetrating musk scent, so that from the foliage a powerful cosmetic [perfume] can bfs distilled, the odorous principle not being subject to chemical decomposi- tion through gentle heat, see Select Extra Tropical Plants, 8;h edition, ISill, p. ,"i2'J. The dried speci- mens retain their powerful odour of musk. A few seeds furnished us by Sir Ferdinand have been distributed among the curious. FLORISTS' Flowers. THE GARDEN ANEMONE. We were planting out our Anemones the other day, and I thought what a pity it is that these beautiful garden flowers are not more cultivated than they are. They do not require a great deal of atten- tion to grow them well, and when they are in full beauty in the spring everyone admires them ; when the flowers open in the early morning, there are no more beautiful sights than a bed of double Anemones in full bloom. The tubers are cheap enough now. In my early gardening days they were Is. each, or 10». Gd. per dozen. Now a hundred of the very best named varieties can be obtained for that money. A bed of beautiful flowers for half-a-guinea is within the reach of every admirer of the flower-garden. Those who like rich, bright colours, can have the scarlet-crimson and rich purple varieties, and there is no lack of the softer tints — rose, pale rose, blush, and white, striped and edged with other colours. One would think to look at the tuber of an Anemone, or even the plant itself in bloom, that it could not re- quire a very wide or deep run for its roots, but 1 find that the Anemone does best in a deep and rich soil. At one time 1 fancied that the old florists took quits unnecessary pains with the furmation of their beds for florists' flowers, but when I have seen the difference between the bloom of Anemones planted in ordinary garden soil and in a prepared bed after the style of the old flori.sts, I have been compelled to modify this view of the matter. A writer in one of the garden periodicals about sixty years since, evidently an ardent florist says :— " It is astonishing that the garden Anemone is not niore generally grown, as its cul- ture ia easy, and it invariably repays ua with a pro- fusion of bloom." We admit the " profusion of bloom," but it was obtained in this wise, and I would here add that this style of preparing the ground was recommended lor all the '■ florists' flowers," as well as Anemones, such as the Pink, I'ansy, Ranunculus, Tulip, Carnation, &c. "About the last week in September, take out the natural soil of the bed to the depth of 18 inches, in the bottom spread a layer of cow-dung, 3 or 1 inches thick, then fill up the bed to within 1^ inch of the surface. 78 THE GA ED ENER S' CHR ONI CL E. [Januaet 21, 1893. with the following compost :— take of thoroughly rotted cow or horse minure, leaf-mould, and heavy loam, of each six barrowfals, white pit-sand two birrowfuls, mix well together," &', With this the hole of 18 inches deep was filled ; the quantity of minnre was too great, if it had not been turned oyer and over again until nearly all the nutri- ment had been washed or dried out of it, for they did not care to nse the manure until it was at least twelvemonths old. This is the only way we can account for their using it in such large quan- tities without poisoning the ground, and killing some of their flowers outright. The man was right in recommending the loam to be heavy ; both Anemones and Ranunculus require, or at least they do beat when the loam is heavy ; but it must be made porous by the use of decayed manare and leaf-mould. I have great success with the Anemone by planting the tubers in a border prepared for Vines, and which contains near the surface an unusually large quantity of manure ; and in no other part of the garden have the plants ever grown so well or flowered so freely. The tubers are planted in January, and as the ground is well-drained, and has a southern aspect, they start into growth at once. This season they were planted early in December. They may be planted at any time between the end of October and the end of January. Like the Kinunculus, they do not like to be allowed to become dry at the roots when in full growth, and I mulch the beds with decayed manure, and afford water freely in dry weather. As soon as the leaves become yellow, the tubers are lilted, as if left longer than that in the ground, they start to grow again, which is injurious to them. I find if they are left alone in the ground, they will flower in the autumn, and some persons say that they can be established in the open air to grow and flower anaually. This they will not do in any garden I have had charge of. Toey will flower in the spring and again in the autumn the first year after planting , but the second year there are many blanks, and the third year they decline further, gradually ceasing to flower, and at length they disappear. It is easy to save seeds, at least from the semi-doable varieties. This should be sown in boxes in the spring, and placed on a hot-bed to vegetate. The young plants should be pricked out about 3 inches apart, they will form tubers which will produce strong flowering plants the following season. Jas, Djitff/ai. Home Correspondence. MUSCAT CHAMPION GRAPE —It is many years since 1 saw exhibited the Muscat Champion Grape. By reason of the large and handsom? berries and the fine flavour which it has, great hopes were enter- tained that it would be a leading variety. I was not aware, however, till I read in the issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle of January 7, that the variety was raised by Mr. Meredith. I was at one time very intimate with him, but never heard him speak of Muscat Champion — and in his splendid exhibits of Grapes at Edinburgh, London, and elsewhere, I do not remember ever seeing this fine variety. The first time 1 ever saw it was in a first prize collec- tion of sixteen kinds of fruit at the first horticul- tural International Exhibition held in Edinburgh. Four small bunches with large brownish berries composed one of the dishes, and so influenced the decision of the judges, that they awarded the first prize to the collection, and the recipient was the late Mr. Melville, th^n gardener at Dalmeny Park, near Edinburgh, who was credited with the raising of this (then) new Grape. I remember the circumstance well, by reason of Mr. Melville's success, causing me, along with others, to become a disappointed exhi- bitor in the same class. This Grape was again shown in Edinburgh by a prominent exhibitor of that time, Mr. Carmichael, then gardener at Sand- ringham, who told me that this delicious Grape was a great favourite with the Prince of Wales. I have grown it more or less ever since I first became acquainted with its merits (my success, however, is barely worthy of imitation) and all wi.cm 1 have asked to partake of it speak in the highest terms of its flavour. Mr. Carmichael, replying to some of my questions, naively said, " Why should we wish all Grapes to be confined to blacks and whites?" Those referred to were more crimson than brown. I wish our good friend, " Vagabond," would kindly get a little more information for readers. I believe Messrs. Veitch sent it out. M. Temple, Carron House. [Our correspondent, " Vagabond," corrected his mis-statement in our last week's issue. Ed.] ASPARAGUS FOR FORCING. — Many trade growers of Asparagus roots for forcing have mistaken notions as to what forcing Asparagus should be, and before they advertise their " excellent forcing roots," it would be well for themselves and purchasers if these vendors would make themselves acquainted with the properties of " Asparagus for forcing." much disap- pointment wouW then be saved to both parties. It appears that some growers believe that large-spread- ing roots (probably a dozen in one clump) is what the forcing gardener requires. Such are useless without strong, prominent crowns. The roots should be cultivated singly, and plenty of space allowed between them, to allow of strong growth. A daily dish of Asparagus is a welcome vegetable from November onwards, and those who may have been long accus- tomed to partake of it are disappointed when it is not forthcoming. The writer at one time had about 2 acres to choose forcing roots from, and could get produce easily and as plentifully as one coulii desire from the open ground ; but now we find one can only depend on old-established firms to supply roots which produce crowns worth the trouble of forcing. T. PRICES OF HOME-GROWN TIMBER.— Speaking generally, it may be said that the prices of home- grown timber have slightly improved during the past twelve months, but there is still much room for further advances. When we contrast the prices that are now obtained for forest produce generally with those realised fifty years ago, we cannot help feeling disheartened, for in many instances the selling price at present is hardly one-fourth of what it was in years gone by. Take asfamiliar examples, the prices o! Oik timber. Oak bark, coppice wood, and charcoal as at present realised, and compare them with the pre- vailing prices of not much more than thirty years back, and the results would hardly be credited. When we think of the £20 per acre that was the ruling price of coppice wood when Hop culture was extensively engaged in, in many of the southern English counties; the 5s. or 0,s, per foot that could readily be got for Oak timber, when wooden vessels were the order of the day, and when smelting iron was engaged in to such an extent that the famous weald of Kent was almost destroyed bv the rage for Oak wood for the furnaces ; and the £20 per ton for Oik bark that was paid in London not so many years ago, we cannot but reflect on the changes that a few years have brought about. Nowadays the forester is well contented with from £4 to £t per ton for his brightest and best dried bark, with from £,3 to £6 per acre for his coppice wood ; and thinks the bargain especially good if he can procure 2s. per foot for his Oak timber. Faggots that used to (etch nearly 20s. per 100, are now a drug in the market at from lOs.to 15s per 100 ; and small faggots, " pimps," as they are termed in England, only realise about 2s. or 2s. Qd. per 100. A large maker of these faggots, and who has supplied the Government with vast numbers, told me the other day that for 100 faggots he now sold, formerly 300 would findpurchasers, and that the small bundles of split wood now sold at many shops were slowly but surely ousting the faggot from the market. In southern England, it may be truly said that in regard to the prices of home-grown forest produce, a few years have brought about marked changes. When Hop-growing was extensively engaged in throughout southern England, coppice-wood, if of suitable size for Ilop-poles, was readily disposed of, and at very remunerative prices ; but now, with the decline of that crop, the coppice plantation is fast being grubbed out to make room for the more remunerative Strawberry. Creoaoting poles, and which lengthens their life by fully one-half, has also had a share in lessening the demand for poles and posts. But to return to the current prices of timber around London, it may be said that these have been fairly well maintained throughout the past year, and the demand is rather more encouraging than hereto- fore. Oak still finds a ready market at prices ranging from Is. 6d. to 2s. dd. per foot, the latter for excep- tionally good logs of large size, clean, and free from shake. Elm cannot be sold to advantage, the average price of about ?d. being indeed discouraging. For Ash, if clean and well grown, from Is. (W. to Is. 8i. can leadily be got, but local demand affects the )-nC3 considerably. Sycamore at Is. 8d. or 2s. per foot is well sold, but the price of this timber varies widely with the locality. For Birch and Alder about lOd. per foot is usually offered ; and Lime, Horse-Chestnut, and Beech will not at present realise more than about 7d. per foot. Amongst Pine-wood, Larch is the only kind that can be said to have a ready market in this country, the usual price of Is. 3i, to Is. 6d. per foot being well maintained. Scotch, Austrian, and Corsican Pines are not readily got rid of even at the modest price of 7d. per foot. Large faggots, for con- verting into those of smaller size for fire-lighting, are about 12s. per hundred ; small faggots, 2s. 6d. per hundred; and firewood, 5s. per single horse cirt- load. A. D. W. VINE DRESSING AND PETROLEUM— It is a " far cry ' to Cupar, but I dare say a few words from me will reach your correspondent. Petroleum oil is at all times dangerous to use as a wash. I have heard gardeners boast of their success in applying it, but ultimately they have had to confess to misadventure, as so much depends on the degree of care with which is is used. If petroleum be mixed with clay, soft soap, and flowers-of-snlphur, into the consistency of paint, it can be safely applied with a brush, and neither red-spider, thrips, mealy-bug, nor Vine-scale will re-appear, if there be no greenhouse or stove plants in the vinery to serve as a nursery for such insect pests. Red-spider is often induced by keeping the inside border too dry, and the Vines insufliciently nourished. Heavy cropping, and anything else that weakens the Vine, also invites red-spider. If the leaves are too near the glass roof, and that is im- perfectly ventilated, red-spider will often appear. Syringing the Vines after the appearance of the young bunches is likely to produce attenuated foliage, liable to scalding, which is often followed by red- spider, instead of leathery leaves of dark green colour, such as should result from proper treatment. Ked- spider is another name for bad cultivation. W. R., Streatham Hill. Seeing in the last issue of the Gar- deners' Clircri'cle Mr. Williamson's experience with petroleum on Vines, I should also like to relate a similar experience that happened at a place in which I was living in Dorchester a few years ago. We had some red spider lurking about the Vines, and I was instructed to wash them with a wineglassful of petroleum in one gallon of water, and a small quantity of soap only. Two Vines were washed with this mixture the day we mixed it, the rest being finished the next day with the mixture that was left from the previous day, the house being shut u.j for forcing the Vines soon afterwards. The two Vines that were washed first never broke, being dead down to the ground, but the others brpke, although very weakly. There is no doubt that more of the Vines would have been killed had they been washed the first day. We cime to the conclusion the strength had left the petroleum by the next day, as it had been kept constantly mixed by an assistant, who used a syringe for the purpose. A. Goodcn, Shopwyki House. CANCER AND T0MAT03 — Not long since quite a scare was produced amnngHt some of the con- sumers of the popular T imato, that those partaking of it were liable to ih»', dread disease, cancer ! It will be re-assuring, therefore, to such to be informed, on the authority of 1J-. Mirsden, Chairman of the Medical C'lmmittee, the Cancer Hospital, Brompton, that : — " Tomatos neither predispose to, nor excite cancer formation, and they are not injurious to those suffering from this disease ; but, on the contrary, are a very wholesome article of diet, particularly so if cooked." J. B. GLADIOLUS CHILDSil.— I have received numerous enquiries relative to an advertisement which has recently appeared in the English papers, offering corms of a Gladiolus under the above name, and mentioning me as having spoken highly of this plant, r rmit me to state that I know nothing of G. Childsii beyond what the advertiser tells us, Tne plants I wrote abiut in the American Garden and Forest in September, IS'M. were six seedlings which were obtained from Messrs. Hallock & Son, New York, and which flowered at Kew in 1890 It is, of course, possible that Mr. J. L. Childs, the adver- tiser, has become possessed of the stock from which the Kew plants came, and which were originally the property of Herr Max L°ichtlin, who raised them about ten years ago from G Saundersii, crossed with some of the G. gandavensis kinds; but I re- peat. I know nothing of the qualities of G. Cbildsii. )r. Watson. Jis-UABY 21, 1893.] THE GABBENEBS' CHRONICLE. 79 THE YEAR'S RAINFALL.— The total rainfall for the year 1892, just ended, according to the rain- gange of Sir J. B. Lawea, at Rothamsted. which is of one-thousandth acre area, and stands 420 feet above the sea-level, amounts to about 251 inches ; this is Zh inches, or 354 tons of water per acre less than the average for the previous thirty-nine years, 1853-1891. The months of January, February, March, April, May, September, November and December each gave a deficiency of rain, while Jane, July, August, and October recorded an excess of rain. Thus, during the period of active plant- growth of our crops, there was a deficiency of moisture in the soil; while during the hay, grain, and Potato harvests, the soil was in a saturated condition. However, although these periods could not be called uniformly unpropitious, neither could they be called uniformly favourable. J. J. Willis, Harpend':n. Nursery Notes. MESSRS. HUGH LOW akd CO. Although, perhaps, this ia not quite the best time to make a visit to these nurseries, where so many Circhidi are always in stock, few of which cheer the month of .January with their bloom, yet the immense quantities of Palms, and the unique col- lection of hard-wooded greenhouse plants, cannot fail to interest the visitor even at this period. At Clapton and at Enfield, the houses are very extensive, and cover some .'325,000 superficial feet, and not a square foot of this area is allowed to stand idle— from which fact a stranger to this part of London will be able to form some idea of the quantity of plants in stock. The firm's principal dealings are with the trade, especially in regard to the Palm and to the stove and greenhouse department; but on the other hand, the trade in Orchids is, perhaps, greater in retail than in wholesale. A wonderful stock and collection of Cypripediums are in fine health, and are perfectly clean. One house ia filled entirely with C. bellatulum, where there must be many thousands. The C. niveum and Godefroyto section, although not of easy management, are also looking well, and just one bloom of niveum and one of bellatulum relieved the quantity of foliage in the house devoted to plants of this section. The Phalie- Dopsis, which fill two large houses, are in good health, and most of them are bearing flower-spikes ; but here the fog has done mischief, and a great numberof the buds have dropped therefrom, .\niongat these we noticed a fine little plant of Cephalotua foUicularis, but the Anocctochilus that used to be here in some little quantity, appears to have gone. The Cattleyas, of which there are large quantities of established and semi-established plants, are good ; but there are no blooms worthy of note at this time, although a great quantity of them are now in sheath. The same also applies to the La:lias. The gronp of Angrxcura seaquipedale, however, were carrying a good number of their curious white and very wax- like blooms, and a few blooms of Sophronitis grandi- flora looked especially bright from the absence of those of other species. A nice group of .Sacco- labium bellinum had their prettily-marked flowers well developed. Dendroblums in quantity appear well ripened, and are showing bud, D. Wardi- anum and D. formosum gigantenm being already in bloom. Vanda Ameeiana it carrying a fair ijuantity of blooms, but these are lacking colour, which will no doubt be due to the fogs, and consequent dark days. The plants, however, looked well, and so did also the group of V. Kimballiana. A large house of OJontoglosaums, well established, but not yet flowered, promises good results. The vast quantities of Palms ought to be seen to be appreciated, for we cannot attempt to speak of their number without incurring the charge of exaggeration. The whole stock IS quite clean, and is composed of first-rate saleable plants. The bulk of them are of kinds best suitable for the trade, such as Kentia Belmore- ana, K. Canterburyana, and K. Fosteriana, Areca Baueri, A. sapiJa, A. lutescens, &c. ; Cocos flexuosa and C. Weddeliana, Phienix reclinata (in very large quantity), P. rupicola and P. Sanderiana, Geononia gracilis, G. Seemanni and G. Sehottiana, Latania borbonica (Livistona chinensis), Thrinax parviflora, Chama;rop3 elegans, C. excelsa, and Corypha aus- tralis, whilst a few of the less popular kinds are also kept in stock. Some of the Kentias have been planted out in beds instead of being grown on in small pots, and, although this is only at present an experiment, the result appears to be that the plants assume their characteristic form much earlier, and if they can be potted-up without very much check, they will certainly be better specimens than those in pots. A large trade ia done in Aralia Sieboldii (Fatsia japonica), and preparations are being made for increasing the already large stock. A general collection of Ferns are kept up in varieties of the most saleable sorts. Scotland. DRYDEN BANK. I CAME to visit Drydea Bank on account of a verse of Scott, which appealed to my vagabondish nature, describing the effect of the mysterious light that issued from Rosslyn Castle: — " It glared on Rosslyn's castled rock, It ruddied all the copsewood glen, 'Twas seen from Dryden's groves of Oak And seen from caverned Ilawthornden." Setting out to tramp to these places in one day, I came to Dryden last of the three. The old Oak wood well repaid the long walk; but a large walled- in kitchen-garden contained no houses of any sort, althoagh it was cropped with vegetables. There being nothing to see except the Oak wood in its snowy draping, I reached Polton Station a long time before the start of the Edinburgh train. This gave me time^o ascend a steep hill to Dryden Bink, one of the first established Grape-growing establish- ments in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh. A house 100 feet long is devoted to Alicantes. The bunches were so thick, that looking down the bouse, no other colour than purple could be seen, although a great many bunches had been cut. The Vines have been cropped as heavily for nineteen yeara, and show no signs of decay ; this it chiefly owing to new rods being constantly run up. A house of Gros Colmar of the tame dimensions is just at much a sight as the Alicante-house. To convince me that Gros Colmar was a good flavoured Grape, Mr. Spence the gardener cut for me a large-berried bunch. I must confess that I have never eaten a more luscious Grape. AH the earthy, musky flavour usually astociated with thit Grape was entirely absent. I gave some berries to a well-known judge, and he endorsed niy opinion. It may be a matter of toil that makes the difference, but I think that the real cause is, per- haps, the entire absence of thrips and red-spider, and that the manure it taken from a source sur- charged with ammonia. Mr. Spence, the gardener, who was with Mr. Thomson of Clovenfords, evidently understands all the technii/nc of viticulture. The grounds round the villa are formally laid out : on the west side are two terraced lawns ; in the middle of the higher one it a conservatory and a flower garden divided into four squares. To the right is a bank of Yews, with Spruces and Scotch Firt behind. The lower terrace contains beds of liosps ; and on the other side of the path ia an arch fijriufd of Irish Yews, and a iiiojestic Plane tree, 14 leet in girth. A small lawn with a bed of fine varieties of Rhododendron slopes down to the north side, and above is another Ia»n, laid out as if it were a (lower garden, with formally-planted Golden Hollies and Irish Yews. From the house there it a lovely prospect over the valley of the Esk to wooded Ilawthornden, with the dark misty Muirfoot hills in the far distance. The neighbouring view is Dryden (lien, on the far side, stretching away to the Oak woods of Dryden Mains. Vagabond. Low Tempebatuhe in the Present Month. After the coldest December expeiienced in this district (in the valley of the Kivert Forth and Carron), for twelve years, the frosts have not abated in severity, and the Scotch " curlers " liave had en- joyment on the ice to their hearts' content. It is unusual for the temperature to be lower liere than elsewhere; often from the south of Scotland and England we have reports of severe weather when we have no frost hereabouts — there were on the 5th inst. 16° of frost at 1 r.ii. ; at 3.30 p m , 25" ; at 4 30 p M., 28= ; at 5.30 p.m., 29°. These readings were taken from a thermometer 1.^ loot above (lie ground level. A change came on in the evening, and at 7.30 P.M. the thermometer stood at 27° ; and at 10.30 P.M., 17° was noted. By daylight on Friday morning the thermometer had risen to 14°. I ex- pected to have seen the thermometer at zero for once in Scotland, but not so yet. I have frequently seen 32° of frost during nearly a quarter of a cen- tury's residence in south-east and west of England, and vegetation suffers more than in Scotland. It is premature to state what damage is done. M. Temple, Carron House, y.B. Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Jandary 17. — In spite of the adverse character of the weather, the show on Tuesday last at the Drill Hall, .Tames Street, Westminster, was briglit, and well up to the average. A good display of Orchids, containing some very interesting specimens, a group of tine Cyclamens, some Chrysanthemums, and a group of exceptionally well-grown plants of Begonia Gloire de Sceaux, together with a large col- lection of Apples and Pears, rewarded those who were able to defy the almost prohibitory elements. Floral Committee. Present: W. C. Leach, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. 1{. B. Lowe, J. Jennings, G. Stevens, G. Phippen, II. B. .May, W. W. Mann. C. F. Bause, E. .Molyneux. T. C. Dreury, R. Owens, H. Herhst, .1. Laing, (;. Paul, II. Turner, C. Noble, C. E. Shea, P. Barr, F. Hois, C. J. Salter, W. Furze, and T. Godfrey. A group of magnificent plants of Begonia Gloire de Sceaux came from Ascott. Leighton Buzzird, the garden of Mr. Leopold de Rothschild (gr., ,Mr. J. Jennings). This is a really fine plant at this season, and as seen on Tuesday in pots of 5 or ('•■inches, and standing about 18 inches high, with its velvety leaves and extreme Horiferousness, it would be indeed didicult to beat ai a decorative plant. This liegonia was awarded a First-cIass Orti(icate, and the group a Silver Banksian Medal. Mr. .lennings also e.xhibited a group of Tree Carna'.ion Sir Henry Calcroft. The plants were well flowered, and the blooms, which are rosy-crimson, are of good size and form. Mr. H. I!. May, Dyson's Lane Nurseries, Upper Edmonton, sent a plant of Pteris serrulata gigatitea, which gained an Award of Merit; its habit seems very free in growth, and the fronds, as its name implies, are much larger than the type. A pUint of P. regin:c and some plants of Carnation Winter Cheer came from the samenursery (Vote of Thnnke). Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton and Enfield, staged a fine group of Cyclamens in the different shades. The flowers were of good size and substance, and produced in quantity (Silver Flora Medal). A pretty group composed of Dracona Missangeana and D. Lindeni in o and G-inch pots cam" frooi Messrs. Win. Cutbush & Son, Ilighgate, London, N. (Bronze Banksian Meda') .Messrs. Shuttleworth & Co., Peckham Rye, and Fleet, Hants, sent a group of Narcisau". nicely in bloom, coneisting of Henry Irving, Countess of Annesley, N. obvallaris, N. Ard High (Vote of Thanks). Also Grape H.vacintli (Muscari) azureum, and the extremely pretty Iris Bakeriana. Messrs. .las. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, again sent a collection of blooms of Rhododendron javanico- jasminiHorum hybrids. Also B-gonia Winter Gem, and a few plantu of Primula floribuoda, a very dwarf little plant, with yellow blossom, very delicate and pretty. Mr. W. C. L?nch, gr. to th» Djke of Northumber- land, at Albuiy Lodge, Reigate, sent a group of cut Ohrysanthemurns and Poinsettiai', very ell'-ttively mixed with bronzy Mahonia leaves (S;lyer Banksian Medal). 80 THE GARDENERS' GHRGNICLE, [Januabt 21, 1893. Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, had a group of seedling Primulas, Cannell's Favourite and Crimson King, two good dark-coloured varieties, and Jane, a very large delicate flesh-coloured flower. The habit of all is good. Some Chrysanthemums were staged by Mr. Robert Owen, Maidenhead, who obtained an Award of Merit for Mrs. E. D. Adams, a very large Japanese flower, petals wavy, and flesh coloured. This has been seen at many of the shows in the autumn. Also for New Year's Gift, an English seedling Japanese. The petals are very broad and the flower flat ; colour white, but falling to pale lemon in centre. A most desirable variety. Mr. 0*en also staged Mrs. Maria Bourne, an English seedling Japanese, pink coloured. Mrs. L. C. Maderia, American incurved ; the flower was of good form, but petals narrow. Secretary Far- eon (American), a large Japanese incurved, but exhibiting poor centre. Princess Marie (English seedling) : this is a Japanese Anemone, rather loose- looking, but good ; colour pink. Bryden, Junior, was a rather thin-looking Japanese yellow ; and A. J. Booker a dark rose-coloured Anemone, which, we think, will rank with the best of this section. Mr. Owen had also a few blossoms of Owen's Imperial strain of Primulas. Orchid Committee. Present : H. J. Veitch (chairman), W. M. Pollett, Hugh Low, W. Bond, H. Williams, E. Hill, J. Jaques, M. T. Masters, J. Douglas, A. M. Smee, A. Sander. It was a surprise to many to see such a good dis- play on so unfavourable an occasion. This consisted for the greater part of Hybrid Cypripediums, whose numbers appear to be legion. First-class Certificates were awarded to the follow- ing varieties ; — To Calanthe gigas (C. Sanderiana gigantea X vestita gigantea). This is a truly mag- nificent hybrid, being one of the finest shown for a long time. The plant bore one spike, erect in growth, and about 4 feet in length from its juncture with the bulb, quite another foot of the terminal part of the spike being undevelopfd. The flowers are of large size, the sepals and petals broad, the ground colour white, suft'used with a rosy shading ; the lip deep rose, with crimson base. The bulbs take much after its last-named psrent, whilst the foliage was beautiful and fresh. From Messrs. .J. Veitch & Sons. ToCypri- pedium Penelaus (C.eaudatum Lindeni X C. calurum), a remarkably fine and distinct hybrid, the colour of the flowers deeper than in C. calurum, but possess- ing much of its character, the petals being, how- ever, much longer (about 6 inches), also twisted ; the younger flower was a deep rosy-pink, the older one paler ; the habit vigorous. Also from Messrs J. Veitch & Sons. ToCvcnoches pentadactylon (see fig. 16, and Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 188, August 17, 1889, where a full description of this singular and beautiful Orchid is given by R. A, Rolfe). The variety certificated on this occasion is the male form, but as shown, the flowers are lighter, not so heavily barred or blotched with chocolate ; the ground colour a yellowish-white ; the lip and column are comparatively insignificant, although interesting in their construction. The plant shown bore three young growths, one of which carried five spikes, each a foot or more in length, and nearly fully developed ; the other growths had each two spikes not yet open. Unlike a Catasetum, this Cycnoches produces its spikes on the top of the bulb-like growth, whereas in the other case they usually issue forth from the base with the young growth. The plant was shown bv 'W. W. Mann, Esq., Ravenswood, B2xley (gr., Mr. Simmon). Botanical Certificates were awarded to Bulbo- phyllum (comosum), a species not particularly remarkable for its beauty, although interesting. From the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin. To Cynorchis grandiflora, in which the deep lilac lip is the chief feature, the sepals and petals insignificant, from Messrs. Lewis & Co., Southgate. A few small but good groups were shown, the best being that from Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was awarded, the chief features being the Cypripediums, of which the best were C. insigne punctatum violaceum, a fine form ; C. Leeannm and the variety called superbum, both in good condition ; C. politum, a dark variety; C. amandum, C Sillieri, C. calurum, C. Pitcher - ianum, Williams' variety, a fine dark form ; C. nitens, beautiful ; and C. cardinale. Others consisted of an Odontoglossum Alexandrse, with a branching spike — a good variety ; 0. elegans, bearing a long spike of small brownish flowers ; and Lselia anceps Stella, a pure white form, the lip being slightly marked — a handsome variety. Messrs. H. Liw & Co. staged a beautiful little group of Saccolabium bellinum , the small but healthy plants bearing very fine flowers on short spikes. Messrs. Sander & Co. staged a few new and choice varieties, amongst which were Cypripedium nitens, St.Albans variety (insigne Chantinii X C. villosum), a very beautiful hybrid, possessing more of the cha- racteristics of its first-named parent ; Pleurothallis ornatus, Sarcopodium Godseffimum, with rich golden- yellow flowers spotted with a darker shade, and Masdevallia Hincksiana of a chrome yellow colour. Messrs. J. Veitch &, Sons had also several more hybrid Cypripediums, of which note should be specially made of C. Orion (C. concolor X C. insigne), a distinct cross, the foliage and form of the fluwer after C. concolor. with more of the colour of C. insigne, but paler; C. JEioa (C. Drnryianum x C. insigne), which shows most markedly the relations to the last- named ; C Lathamianum (C. villosum X C. Spicer- ianum), previously shown, a very superior and noble-looking hybrid, in finer condition than when Certificated; C. Creon (C. oBnanthum superbum X C. Hirrisianum superbum), the flowers of which are intensely dark, of a claret shade, and C. Godselli- anum (C. villosum Boxallie x C. hirsutissimum). Phalaaopsis Vesta (rosea leucaspis X Aphrodite), with small but bright rosy flowers. Another re- markable hybrid was Phajo-Calanthe Sedeniana albi- flura (Phaius grandiflorus X Calanthe vestita rubra occulata), the flowers white lik"! a Calanthe, but the bulb had more traces of its other parentage. FlO. 16.— MiLE FLOWER OF Ci'O'OCHES PE.VTADACTILON Awards of Merit were voted to the following hybrid Cypripediums: To C. Germinyanum (C. hirsu- tissimum X C. villosum), a very distinct cross; the dorsal sepal rather narrow and erect, of the same colour, bat darker than in C. villosum ; the petals a deep mauve, showing its other parentage — a hand- some hybrid. To C. Phoeira (C. Lindleyanum X C. Sedeni candidulum), a fine hybrid, much after the last-named parent, but with broader petals, whilst the colouring is much brighter throughout the flower, the growth very free. F^om Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Fruit Committee. Present : Philip Crowley, Esq., in the chair ; and Messrs. G. Bunyard, W. Wilks, Harrison Weir, A. Veitch, G. W. Cummins, J. Cheal, T. J. Salt- marsh, J. Wright, A.* Dean, E Burrell, A. H. Pear- son,.L A. Laing, G.Reynolds. G H. Sage, G Wythes, .T. Hudson, C. Ross, F. Q. Lane, H. Balderson, G. Norman. The exhibits under this committee consisted almost exclusively of Apples and Pears. Apple Blue Pearmain was the only one gaining an Award of M^rit, and was from the Gardens of the Koyal Horti- cultural Society at Chiswick. It is a fruit with a beautiful coat of bloom in the summer. Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, exhibited some dishes of Apples, described as being new or but little known. The names were: — E^g or Paradise a pretty little fruit; Swedish Reinette, Chas. Cogne?, Cornish Aromatic, Galloway. Nanny, Beauty of Birnock, Egremont Russet, Hormead's Pearmain Northern Spy. Ottershaw Pippin, Warner's Seed ling, Forfar Pippin, Sandringham, Niton House Bismarck, Newton Wonder, Histon Favourite Landsberger Reinette, Calville Rouge, and Goa- patrick (Bronze Binksian Medal). A good dish of Apples, Annie Elizabeth, was sent by Mr. Turton, gr. at Maiden Erlegh (Vote of Thanks). Mr. Charles Herrin, Dropmore, Maidenhead, had fifteen dishes of Aoples, the best of which were Cox's Pomona. Cox's Orange Pippin, Lord Darby, Bis- marck, Beauty of K«!nt, Adams' Pearmain, and Tower of Glamis. Some seedling Apples were sent from Mr. H. Backer, Jersey, but none of them found favour; in- deed, they were scarcely in a presentable condition. Dishes of Apples, Stamford Pippin and Winter Peach, came from Mr. Robect Miyer, The Girdens, Tattenden Court. Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, sent a collection of excellent fruits of Apples, consisting of 1.50 varieties, and a few Pears. The most notice- able were G ilden Noble, Gascoyne's Scarlet Seed- ling, Forge Pippin, Warner's King, Peasgood'a Nonsuch. Lady Henniker. Emperor Alexander, The Q'leen, Brabant Bellefleur, Wealthy, Sandringham, Lane's Prince Albert, Gloria Mundi, B-amley's Seed- ling, Schoolmaster, Melon Aople, Hoary Morning, White Gravenstein, Merede Menage, Ribston Pippin, Lord Darby, Bismarck (unusually fine). Beauty of Kent, Waltham Abbey Seedling, Qieen Caroline, Hereford Beefing, and Purple Germain. There were three Pears — Verulam, Oatillac, and Uvedale's St. Ger- main (S.lver-gilt Knightian Medal). Examination in HoHTicuLTtiKE. The Council of the Riyal Horticultural Society sympathising with the efforts of the various County Councils, technical institutes, schools, gardeners' mutual improvement societies, and others bodies, to promote instruction in practical horticulture by means of lectures, demonstrations, &c., and in the hope of rendering such teaching more definite and eflfective, have consented to hold an examination in horticulture in the first week of May, 1893. The following is an outline syllabus, showing the nature of the subjects to which it is considered desirable that the attention of students should be drawn. Elemextaey PaiNCipr.ES, On which Horticultural Practice is based. 1. Soils, good and bad : their nature and composi- tion ; weeds and their indications. 2. Requirements of growth — water, heat, air. 3. Seeds : nature of, duration of vitality in, and modes of germination. 4. Roots, nature and functions of; fibrils and root-hairs; what they do, and how they do it — what helps and what hinders them. 5. Stems and branches : their nature, work, and uses ; helps and hindrances to their work. 6. Leaves : what they are, what they do ; helps and hindrances to their work. 7. Tubers and bulbs, leaf buds and flower bods. 8. Growth and development: increase in size and changes of composition and structure ; formation and storage of food materials. 9. Flowers: their component parts; what they do ; artificial fertilisation. 10. Fruit: changes and development during ripening ; forms and varieties, as, e.g., Apple, Strawberry, Plum, &c. H. Seed: formation of. 12. Variation and selection. 13. Names and orders of common garden plants, trees, &c. HOBTICULTUHAL OPERATIONS AND PeACTICE. 1. Surveying and landscape gardening : ele- ments of. 2. Choiceof site for garden. 3. Description and use of implements under each head. 4. Operations connected with the cultivation of the land, with explanations and illustrations of good and bad methods : digging and trenching ; draining ; hoeing, stirring the soil, and weeding ; watering ; preparation of seed bed ; rolling and raking ; sowing, transplanting, and thinning, potting, planting ; aspects, positions, and shelter ; staking ; earthing and blanching, &:. 5. Propagation. Elementary principles: cuttings. Budding and grafting, stocks used. Layering. Division. Branch pruning. Uiot pruning: old and young trees and bushes. Training. 6. Fruit culture : open air and under glass; small fruits ; Apples and Pears ; stone fruits ; gathering and storing; packing and marketing. General knowledge of frirts, and selection of varieties. V\ Januaey 21, 1893.] THE GARDENEBS' CHR ONI CL E. il 7. Vegetable cnlture : tuber§ and roola ; green vegetables ; fruitt and seedi ; rotation of crops, and selection of varieties. 8. Flower culture : outside and under glass. 9. Manures, and their application. 10. Improvement of plants bj cross-breeding, hybridisation, and selection. 11. Arboriculture: trees and shrubs, and their cultnre. VI. Insect and fungus pests : prevention and treatment. Lecturers and teachers wishing their students to sit for the examination would do well to a»nd to the Secretary, Knal Horticultural Society, 117, Vic- toria Street, Westminster, two copies of the syllabus on which their lectures have been based. Students and young gardeners not having had the advantage of attending lectures, but wishing to present themselves at some one of the centres for examination, would do well to communicate with the Secretary of the society ; and they might with advantage consult some of the following works: — J'riinfr of liotanij ( MacMillan ;& Co.), by Sir J. D. Hooker, K.C.S I. ; Botany for Brginwrs and Plant life (Bradbury, Agnew & Co.), by M. T. Masters, M.D., F.KS. ; Popular Gardening. 4 Vols. (Cassell & Co.), edited by I). T. Fish; Kpilomt . i li ^ L i hi 1 1 lis ill a sS a =- II Vi Q 1 1^ a n a ^ r 1 •«i n e h :^ D.T- D«T- Day- Day- lOths deg. deg. dex. deg. loch. Ina. 0 5 — 0 67 — 14 + 8» 9 — 8 0-6 39 21 1 2 — 0 SI - 15 + 74 4 — 9 ] 0 7 13 10 3 2 — 0 43 — 13 + eo a — 10 '07 6 13 3 3 — 0 61 + 75 1 — 10 0-7 j 12 15 < 4 — 0 57 - 18 + 82, 3 — 7 0 6 IS 17 6 5 — 0 49 - 21 + 90 0 aver 8 0-9 9 15 e 4 — 0 47 - 18^ + 69 12 — 6 0-3 1 28 23 7 4 — 0 41 - n\ + 66' 6 — 6 0-4 ' 3 ' 12 8 5 - 0 38 - 28 + 66 3 — 6 10, 19 , 21 9 3 - 0 3i + 81 6 — 8 Oil 16 17 10 4 — 0 23 - 3» + 37 7 - 7 18 16 16 1 3 - 7 20 - 36 + 41 1 — 9 1-7 6 12 The diHtrictH ind)cat«,/.. sprays 0 6-10 Tuberoee, 12 blms. 10-16 ilaiden Hair Fern, Tulips, red, doz. bm. 0 0-09 12 bunches ...4 0-8 0 — white, doz. bini. 1 6- 3 0 Marguerite, per doz. — yellow,do/..blm, 16-20 bunches 4 0-60 Violets.ParmeFrench Mimosa,Fiench,bun. 10-20 per bunch 60-80 Orchids:— | — Czar, French, Cattleyn. 12 blms. 6 0-12 0 per bunch 3 0-50 Odontoglossum — small French. cri»pum,12blm8. 2 0-60, p. doz. bunches .T 0- 8 0 Orchu>-bloou in variety not in quantity. Vegetables. — Average Retail Pricks. •d. I. d. ,. d. i.d. Carrots, per bunch... 0 4- 0 « punnet Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- 0 6 Parsley per bunch . Cucumbers, each ... 0 9- 1 ti Seukale, per basket.. Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- 3 0 Shallots, per lb. 0 9-10 Tomatos, per lb. 16-20 Turnips, per bunch... 04-06 PoTATOS. The weather being more favourable, farmers are loading freely, and stock is increasing. Prices still continue firm. Best samples, 90». to 100s. ; ordinary kinds, 60s. to 65j. J. B. T/fjinai. Herbs, per bunch Lettuces, per doz. ... 0 6-10 SEEDS. London : Jan. 18.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, Seed Mer- chants, of Great Maze Pond. Borough, London, S.E., write that, as might be cipected, the general country trade for seed hangs firo. Extra fine home-grown English Cow-grass is inquired tor. American Clover seed is now cheaper in London than on the other side of the Atlantic, to-day's cables beinir equivalent to 7-ls. per cwt., landed ho business hn-s been doing at full prices, slow, but in Alsike a substantial atlvanc Rye-gras.'ies look like being very dear owing to a falling off in the supiilies, an is asked abroad for Haricot B.-ms. Tlier Mu.iturd and Rii>i: seed keep steady. Hemp seed shon iderable jump upwards. Canary seed is quiet, but no cheaper, is a brisk inquiry. In Trefoil, a good White Clover seed is e has been esUiblished. this season. Tares, ) firmer. More money '4 no change in Peas. FRtJITS AND VEGETABLES. _ SpiTALriELP,5 : Jan. 17. -Quotations :-English Onions. ts.bd. to Ss. 6,t.5. to lOOs. ; Imperators. 60s. to 65s. per ton. London Averages : Jan. 18.— Magnums, 85s. to 70s. ; Hebrons, 70s. to SOs. ; Snowdrops. 60s. to 80s. ; Imperators! 60t. to 7O1. per ton. CORN. ./lucrayes.- omcial statement of the average prices of British corn, imperial measure (quarter) for the week ending January 14, and for the corresponding period last year: — 1893: Wheat, 26s. id.; Barley, a,5s. 6if. ; Oats, lex. lid. 1892 : Wheat, 35s. ed. ; Barley, 29s. 3d. ; Oats, 205. Id. HAY. at ^PCT-ajes.-The following are the averages of the pricef the prin -ipal metropolitan markets during the past week Clover, prime, SOs. to 115«. ; do., inferior. 70s. to 76s. ; hay, best, 75s. to 1121. ; do., inferior, 65s. to 75s. ; and straw, 28s. to 44l, per load. For Windsor Beans the Notices to Correspondents. r.AIiGKLY INCIiKA.SUn CIRCULATION of the ' " GAHDENEUS' CllliONICLE." I.Mi'ORTAST TO ADVEliTl.'liais.— 7"Ab PxMisher has the shtis- faction of announcing that the circulation of the •• Gar- deners' Chronicle " has, since the reduction in the j/rice of the paper, In:reas€d to the extent of 75 per cent. Advertisers are reminded that the •• Chronicle" circulates among all classes 0/ f/ardtners and garden-lovers at home and abroad, and is preserved for reference in all the principil Libraries. To our Reader,?.— T7i« Kdilor begs leave to solicit from the readers and contributors to the Gardeners' Chronicle .•— Short Practical Notes on Cultural Matters ; Early Intelligence of Local News likely to be of general interest; Notes and Memoranda useful to the trade ; Specimens ofNeiv or Interesting Plants, Fruits, «Vc. ,■ Drawings or Photographs of Gardens, Trees, /''lowers, l^c, and which if suitable for reproduction will be utilised so far as possible. Addressks : J. A/iinson, anel Others. The (iardenera Koyal Benevolent Institution, Mr. Ingram, secre- tary, .W, Parliament Street, London, S.W. ; United Horticultural Benefit and Provident Society, secretary Mr, W. Collins, 9, Martindale Iload, Balham, S.W. 84 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 21, 1893. Books : G. K. Thompson's Gardeners' Assistant, Dew edition. Price about £1 second-hand, or about £1 5s. of Blackie & Son, Edinburgh.— Wot-Xt on Table Decoration : Cretica. We know of none better than that which you possess. Enquire of the Editor of The Bazaar, 170, Strand, W.C. GnAssEs : Hexham. You have not numbered your specimens. So far as we can see, they are Hor- deum murinum, Aira Ciespitosa, and Agrostis Tulgaris, Hanoino Baskets, Plants for : G. K. Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums, both double and single flowered ; Petunias, single and double flowered ; Tropa;oIum Lobbi, T. Ball of Fire, T. aduncum. AchimpnfS patens, A. p. alba, A. longiflora. A. Verfchafl'elii, A. Edmond Boissier, Harrison's Musk, Lache- nalia pendnla. Ferns, such as Goniphlebium subauriculatum, Uavallia buUata, D. dissecta, Adiantum concinnum latum, A. trapczifoiine, &c. Names of Plants : J. W. 1, Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat); 2, Olearia Ilaastii. — Jo^fjL-A Kent, Hanley. The seed is that of Trapa bicornis— the Ling of the Chinese. This ard several other species contain a deal of starch, and in some places lorm a great part of the food of the natives, where the seeds are known as the Singhara Nut and other names. They are water plants, and for anything we know the seeds should germinate under Ihe treatment you extei.ded, privded always that the seeds are good when )ou obtain lb< m The rne sent was quite ri tten and worth- lees.— T, Wickton. Streptosolen Jdmesoni. Ratino cf Gbeenbcu.'-fs : H. W. S. S. e our issue 10. S. ptember 10, IS'JJ, p. 308. Seedlino Fekn : A. C. From the appearance of fronds sent, they difl'er but little friiu A. giacil- limum, and we think that if there is any improve- ment it mmt be in the habit of the plant. Tree Carnations : Foreman and G. K. Carnations, both "tree" and other varieties, live for several years, and there is no rea«< n why, with proper treatment, the lyear old Tree Carnations now flowering should not again flower at the time you name. It will be prudent not to let them flower so much as they naturally will do, but cut otT the blooms, and keep the plants rather dryer for several weeks, accommodating them in a cold frame till the end of April ; and before starting them after their rest, removing some of the old soil and repotting them. Tree Carnations, i.e., the varieties which give a long succession of bloom if wanted to flower in winter and spring, may be struck from cuttings taken from plants which have been growing all the winter. The cuttings should have a certain degree of firmness, and the bottom leaves need not be removed. Fill ■18'8 with sandy loam, surface with clean sand, and put a dozen cuttings in each pot, plunging them in a bottom- heat of 80° in a close frame, preferably, a hot- bed out-of-doors. Guard against damp by affording a little ventilation if the frame be somewhat steamy, and rather more if the sun raise the warmth above 80°. Later in the season, when, owing to greater sun-heat, more air must be afl'orded a hotbed frame, the pots will be the better for being covered with a bell-glass. The cuttings reunt be watered sufficiently to keep them from flagging— not more, using a light kind of shading. Co.M.MllsiOiTloxs RECFIVED.-Jno. Z. Emmett, short c;m- municaiions would be acceptable.— J. Hudson.-F. C. S.- Donald Currie & Co. - F. N., Batheaston. — A. Hope.— H. J. V.-J, R._E. S.-W. H. & Cc.-Dr. Klein, Buda- Pest.— 3. H.— W. J. S.— E. J. J,-Mre. B.-T. S. W— W. K. W.-A. M. K.-W. W.-J. W.-J. F._H. S. J . HamiKon, Victoria.- Jas. Carter & Co.— B. Chabaud, Toulon! —J. F. B.-C. D.-J. S.. Vallota, next weelt.-H. J. J._ H. May.-,T. O. B.-H. W. W.— An Old Gardener.— W. G. B. -C. W.-A. G.-M. T. R.-D T. F.-J. E,-R. D. -Stuart & Mein.-W. H. D.-A. P. -J. B. W.-A. H.-J. D.— J. J. W.— A. A. K.— Ed. Tate, kindly send photo cf Arbutus— C. F.— A. B.— H. M. Specimexs Received.— E. J, B. PHOTooBiPn RrrPlVED.-One showing Leaious against the wall of a bouse, but with no letter accompanying to say whence and by whom sent. Feiit BF.CElvri..-T. H. Usher. BONES ! BONES ! ! BONES ! ! ! Any size from dust to 1 iEch. Dissolved Bone Compound, for Top-dressing. All at 10s. per cwt. ; less quantity, l^rf. per lb. Carriage paid on 1 cwt. Terms, Cash with Order. Special "luotations for large Buyers. E. S. WILES iND CO., Bone Crushers, St. Albans. NATIVE GUANO.— Best and Cheapest Masube for GiRDEN UsE. Price £3 lOj. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., is. per cwt. ; 1 cwt., Sanip'e Bag, sent Carriage Paid toany Station in England, on receiptot P. O. for 5s. Extracts from 16th Annual Collection of Reports: — NATIVE GUANO. FOR POTATOS, VEGETABLES, &c. H. Brinkwokth, Potato Grower, Reading, used for Potatos, Onioni, and Carrots, results : — " Very good ; never had better crops." J. BUTLEH. Sittingbourne :— '■ Used for Pota'o, Celery, and other Market Garden Crops, with very good results; Potatos large, clean, and free from disease. Best and Cheapest Manure in the Market." NATIVE GltANO, FOR FRUIT, ROSES, TOMATOS, &c. .T. Peed & SoNS..Streatbam, used for Fruit Trees and Roses, results : — " Very satisfactory ; we u^e no other Guano now ; consider yours preferable to Peruvian." ,T. FINCH, Orrell Gardens :—" Used for Vegetables, Tomatos, Grapes, Cucumbers, and Flowers, with satisfactory results. Most excellent for Potatos, and many other things. The Cheapest Manure in the Market." Orders to the Native GuaSO Co., Ltd., 29. New Bridge Street, Blackfriars. London, where Pamphlet of Testimonials, &c., may be obtained. AGENTS WANTED. PATENT SILICATE MANURE. Dresx Your Earhj Vines with it noic. " Maidstone, Ave/mt 1.3, 1802. " We used it on our Vines, and, although we had prepared them with other stimulants last season, we attribute the best crop we have ever had to the use of your Manure— the berries are grand. " (Signed) GEO. BUNYARD & CO." PRICES IN SACKS, AT WORKS— 10b. per Cwt. ; £2 per i-Ton ; £3 IBs. per J-Ton ; £7 per Ton. Am.nK.ss— THE CHEMICAL Wi)P,K.S, HEMEL HEMPSTEAD, HERTS. ECONOMICAL-SAFE LASTING USE CLAY'S MANURES \ A V* Having the re- O \P spective Trade »>_ .. Mark printed on 'j '' I nunnill'' each packet and TiLONDONq; bag, and im INVI *«\ A, pressed on the ■mi^ TOR trade: mark attached to the mouth of each bag, which is TTIADE MARK. THE ONLY GUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS. These well-ltoown Manures are used by the Leading Growers, Royal Botanic Society, Royal Horticultural Society, Royal Parks. Loadou County Council, throughout the United Kingdom, and in every quarter of the Globe, Sold by Seedsmen, Florists, and Nurservmen, in 6d and 18 racket?, and SEALED BAGS. 7 lb. U lb. 28 lb. 58 lb. 112 lb. 2s. 6d. 4s. ed. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. 20s. Or direct from the Works, in 1b. PACKETS, Post free, or Bags of either size. Carriage Paid (as sample), in the United Kingdom for Cash with order as above. Prices and Samples of CKXJSHED BONES in Various Sizes on Application. CLAY & SON, Manure ManufacturerF, Bone Crushers, &c , TEMPLE MILL LANE, STRATFORD, LONDON,?. T^OR SALE, EAMS'-HORN FILINGS, -1- suitable for A'ine Manure, 14s. per cwt., carriage forward. Apply, R.FORGA-W&SOV, Golf Club Milters, St. Andrews. BEE SON'S MANURE.— The best • Fertiliser for all purposes. Demand increasing weekly. One trial will prove its value. Pure Bones any size, raw or dissolved, 8.S. per cwt. Write for particulars. —C. BEESON, The Bone Mills, St. Neot's, Hunt-. GENTS WANTED, for the SALE of NATIVE GUANO. The best and cheapest manure for all Farm and Garden Crops.— The NATIVK GUANO CO., LIVJITED, 29, New Ilridgi- Street, Blackfriars, London, E.G. To Nurserymen and Seedsmen. WANTED, the above to TRY SPENCER'S NEW FISH GUANO. Can be u-ed dry or dissolved in water, a special advantage. Analysis, 8 to 12 per cent, ammonia. Addre's, I. SPENCER, Fish Guano Manufacturer, Sjirirg Street, Hull, Yorks, A genuine article, no mixture. KILLMRIGHT," For Destruction of all Insect Pests and Mildew. ''rilE STOTT DISTRIBUTOR CO. (Lmtd.), J- Barton House, Blaiicheater. BENTLEY'S INSECTICIDE. Aivarded Prize Medal {only award)^ iT THE International Horticultural Exhibition, EarVs Court, 1892. Sole manufacturer— JOSEPH BENTLEY, CHEMICAI, WORKS, BARBOW-ON-HTTMBEB,, HTTLL. ARE IN GREAT DEMAND. Exterminate all Insect Pests mitkt, ut I jury to Foliage. Nm hot COKES. V.aatly Superior to Tobacco Paper, And Adopttd by ^ r Trevor Lawrence, Ht ; Baron Schroder; Rt. Hod. ,Tos. Cham- berlain ; Sir Leopold Rothschild, Bart. ; Messrs. Veit ISHURST COMPOUND, used since 1859 VT for Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight; 2 ounces to the gallon of soft w.ater, 4 to lli ounces as a winter dressing for N'lnes and Orchard-house trees, ia lather from cake, for American blight, and as an emulsion when paralUn is used. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is , 3s., and 10s. 6i. GISnURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, M. and Is. from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICES PATENT CANDLE CO.MPANY (Limited), London. GARDEN REQUISITES COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, id. per bushel ; 100 for 2.5s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40s. : 4-bushel bags, id. each. SPECIALLY SELECTED ORCHID PEAT. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6d. per sack ; 6 sacis, 25s. : sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND. Is. M. per bushel; 15s. per half ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags. id. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s, 6d. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C. H" ORTTcULTUIiAL SHADINGS, NETTINGS. TIFFANY, WADDINtiS, COTTON WOOL for Packing Flowers, CANVAS, TWINES, &c., supplied wholesale by .JOSEPH COOKSON, 21, New Cannon Street, Manchester Jakuabv 21, 1893.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 85 ORCHID PEAT; Best Quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. EHO- DODENDBON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices of WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough. Hants. EPPS'S-*'"' PEAT, For ORCHIDS, STOVE PLANTS, Hardwood do.. Ferns and Rhododendron-, bv sack, yard, ton, or truckload. SPECIAL ORCHID PEAT, in sack only. Rich fibrous LOAM, eupermr LEAF-M(_ ILD, Coarse, Crystal, and Fine SILVER SAND, CHARCOAL, C. N. FIkRE REFCSE, f resh SPHAGNUM, I'aterit MA M'RES,FEKTII,ISKlvS, I NSl:c'- TICIDES,and8llother Garden l;,c,iii-ite<. Peat Moss Litter. The Original Peat Depot. RINGWOOD, HANTS, RICHARDS' NOTED PEAT. Six-ciallv selected and prepared for ORCHIDS, and all other plants. ARTIFICIAL MANURES, an.t GARDEN SUN- DRIES of every des<.T^ption, Please write for a free PRICE LIST. Special nuotations given for any goods, carriage paid, in larfreor -niiill ,,uantitief. 0, H. RICHARDS. Old Shot Tower W harf. Lambeth, London. S.E. ChieE Peat Grounds and Depi.t. Rl.NuwooD, Hams. (Ao.ir.Ms all letters to London Wharf.) HILL & SMITH, BBIESLET HILL, STAFFORDSHIRE, And 118. QUEEN VICTORU STREET, LONDON. B.C. NEW PATTEBN TREE GUARD, ^^The Porcupine.^' The maxlmom of utility and the minimum oi cost. ORCHID PEAT. PREPA RED. ready tor use, all fibre, lOj. per sack ; 5 for 47j. fid. SELECTED, in blocks, very tibrou.s, 8j. per sack; 5 for rUj. M. SECOND QUALlTi', bs per sack ; 5 for 22J. Sd. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, for A/ .leas. Rhododendrons, and Ferns, is. per sack, h for l,**/ ; and 3s, per sack, '> for l?s t'ul PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, and FIBROITS LOAM. each I's M. per sack; 5 for lus. PREPARED POTrl.NO COMPOST, 4j. per tiic k : '• fur lv<. All sacks included. Send l'.i-l;.l nr.Vr for SampN- Sack, Special terms to 11..- Trad,-. Fur Price List appiv 'o THE FORESTER, Joyden Wood, near Bexley, Kent. Price 10b. 6d. TESTIMONIAL, The Whittem, Herefordshire, "Dec, 28, 1887, Dear SIHS,— I have now had an opportunity of trying I J. your POBCI'I'INK Tbek ItMtillti' ■ UUAKP8, and they seem i]uite to answer my pur- pose, so you may send me .".0 more as before, I en- close cheque for your Tours truly, RICHD, QREKN, Messra. Hill A Smith, MESSENGER & CO.S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apjaratue, Just issuptl, will Ue found tlie nioht complete. practiCJil. and rehaljle ^uid*! to all about to buiM, lUter, or heat (ireiwihou-^-s. lUupitiutiODH of every deHoriptioii of Gla»»house, from the largest ranf^e of Winter itardens to the bimpleht forniH of I'oriiibli' Ureeidiou^cH. Flant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Tipe-i. and all iipplianrf for heuliniit. This Catalo,5ue, posseeisinK hundreds of illvistrationH of all the latest iraprovementB in greenhuuHO building and heatitij?, m on a wale never before attempted. It »liouler of the illustration^ are taken from greenhouses ereotvd by um in vuriourt partt of the country ; an inspection of this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efTuiency of which ho-s been well te^sted by actual use. The advantages pOBseNsed fcy us enable u^ to carry out work with Ihe utmost pr.imptness, and in the very best Myle, at prices which defy competition, fjurveys made, and gentb-men \v:iiled on in any part of the country. Plans and E»tiin;ites free on ap|iIu:iition. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. London Office :-163, Palmerston BulldingB, Old Broad Street, E,C, S&NeS'faiousGARDENPOTS •'i^ Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham, -^i- MeSBrs, Dicksons, Limited, Chester, write :—•• The Flower Pots you have so largely supplied ua with are light, strong acd well made, and in every respect liiKhly satisfactory," MeaarB, Richard Smith & Co,, Worcsater, write :— " Wc beg to say that wo are highly satisfied with your ■ Garden Pots ; ■ they are well made, linhl. )et stn.ii(!, and «e like them better than any other we have ever used." Mr. William Bull, 636. King's Road, Chelsea, London, writes:— "For nearly thirty years I have been using your • Garden Pots,' and still hnd ll.eni the best and cliealjct." Larijcst Manu/ucturcrs in the World. Nu Wailin;/. MU/iuns in Stock. Carriage and Breakage Free on £10 Orders, Half Carriage on £6 Order), Sampka Free, BECKETT BROS., chelmsford. Thorou^ ) P a 1 and Exp H ural t g neera in all branches louneited therewith. Price LIST and Estimates free on application. AUTOMATIC DAMPER I OR GREEX HOUSES. Dr. GEORGE WALKER. Inventor of Chryf-anthemum Cup Tubes, Wimbledon, says: — "I have w^fiA your Automatic Dampier for some weeks, and am perfectly satisfied with it. A most ingenious and useful invention." Mr. H. J. JONES, Hither Green. Lewisham. who uses the Damper in a house 100 feet long, aays : — "I liiid thi^ daraper is in every way economical. Its saves both fuel and labour, and keeps the house at a more even and better temperature " PATENT AUTOMATIC DAMPER CO., 97. VLF.ET STREET, LONDON, E,C', THOS. W. ROBINSON, Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge. EXPANSION JOINT HOT-WATKR PIPES SOCKET HOT-WATF.R PIPES, Illustrated revised Price List on application, /ree . ROllKRTS'S (IMPROVED) PATENT STOVES Terra-cotta I Portable I For Coal I Pure and ample heat, 24 hours for aliout Id., wilhuiit alleiilion. For Oreenhousea, Bedrooms, &o. OKKKNHOUSKS Healed L'l Hour, tor about Due Penny, Puai|>hlets, Dra»iii);s, and authenticated Testimonmls neut. See in ui.e at Patentee's, THOMAS ROBERTS, 34, Victoria St„ Westminster. GARDEN REQUISITE S.— sticks. Labels, Virgin Cork, BafBa, Mats, Hamtta Canes. Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of— WATSON AND SOITLL. M, I,ower Thames Street, Londan,B,n PEAT.— PEAT.— PEAT, For gjod Peat, apply to E . D U R M A N , Peterslield, Hants, ESTiBLlSHKD 1851. BIRKBECK BANK, ClIA I, A W.C. DEPOSITS ■ MI'TON llUILIUNH THREK per CENT, INTEREST allowed repHvableon demand. TWO per Cent, on CURRENT ACCOITNTS, on the minimum monthly balances, when nut .Iniwii l.elow £100. STOCKS and SHARES imr. Ii;im..I iiiid ™>ld. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT, For the encouruKemeijt ..I llinlt the Unnk receives small sums on deposit, and ulloui ml. real, lit tlie rate of TliREK PER CENT, perunnum, on .;„ Ii .(miiil.ded £1. BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY. HOW TO HtlRCHASK A HUUSK FOR TWO QtllNEAS PER MONTH. BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY, HOW T(i PIIKtUlASK A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLIN03 PER MONTH, The UIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post- free. FKANCI8 RAVENSCKOFT, Manager. 86 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Janoaet 21, 1893. BREAKFAST-SUPPER E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA BOILING WATER OR MILK. Demy 8vo, 400 pages, wilh 1-1 Illustrations, 12s. 6rf. ODOROGRAPHI A, ANatural History of K.aw Materials and Drugs used in the Perfume Industry. Intended to serve Growers, Manufacturers and Consumers, By J. CH. SAWER, F.L.S. GURNEY & .TACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row (Mr. Van Vookst'3 Successors). GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. J. Kkxt. as Head Gardener to R. Stewart Savile. Esq., Shipbourne Grange, Tonl.ridge, Kent. Mr. J. Mli.BURN, as Gardener and Orchid Grower to C. W. FINOKEN. Esc)., Hoyland Hall, Barnsley. Mr. F. IDBOTSON, for the past five and a half years Foreman at Catmos Garden, Oakham, Rutlandshire, as Head Gardener to the Bishop of Truro, Cornwall. Mr. B. Cbipps, for the last seven years General Foreman, Castle Ashby Gardens, as Head Gardener to R. C. Vv.NEll, Esq , Newby Hall, Ripon, Yorkshire. Mr. E. Bennett has resigned his appointment at Harefield Grove, to take charge of the Royal Kitchen Gardens and Forcing Establishment at Hampton Court. WANTED, a Person Calling upon Seeds- men and Florists, to Introduce a NEW ARTICLE, on Commission. — Apply, by letter, to HORTICULTURAL, Deacon's Advertising Office, Leadenhall Street, E.C. anted", a GARDENER7nea7Tondon , Single and Single-handed, for In and Out-door work.— Must have first-class references for industry .ind capacity. — Address, with fullest possible particulars of previous engage- ments, age, &c., to JAKDIN, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. ANTED, a GARDENER, understanding Hothouse and Kitchen Ganlen. Useful workingman ; one without encumbrance preferred. — Address, A. Z., Messrs. Houghton, Law Stationers, ;13, Poultry, E.C. WANTED, a ^GARDENER,"married, a thoroughly good all-round Man, both for Kitchen Garden and Flowers, who al!.o understands a cow and poultry. First-class references indispensable. Wages 21s. per week, with lodge, milk, and vegetables.— Apply, W. B. N., Gar- deners' ChramcU Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. w ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER.—state age, experience, wages, whether led, and family.- M., Rye Hill", Guilsboro, Northampton. ANTED, ^^1 all-round GARDENER, thoroughly up to his work, specially Grapes, Peaches, Tomatos, Hosts, Azaleas, See., under Glass; Muihrooms. Also, a GAROKN LABOUBEB.— Full particulars to W. A. GLYNN, Seaview, Ryde. ANTED, a JOURNEYMAN GARDENER, not umier 23, Inside and Out. Good all-round Man (private) for aiii^i;]e-handed Place. Write fJll particulars to H. C, North's Library, West BriKhton. WANTED, a good SECOND GARDENER. Mar ied, no family, preferred. — Apply, stating wages required, loige free. age. A.C., to GARDINER, Loudwater House, Rickmansworth, Herts. WANTED, as UNDER GARDENER, a strong active young MAN. with goo I character where four are kept. Wages, ISs, -Apply, GAKUENER, Ivy House, North End. Hampstead, N.W. ANTED AT ONCE, or within a month, a MAN well up in Growing Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Grapes, &■*., for Market, and to assist in Manage- ment of seven small Glass-houses, about .5.J0 feet run, all heated. — Send full particulars, age, experience, married or single, wages, which must bs low to begin with, and com- mission on the profits.— Apply to R. CHURCHMAN, The Vineries, Wokingham, Berks. WANTED, a good Soft-wooded PROPA- GATOR for the Houses, one with some experience of Pot-Roses preferred.— State experience with age, wages ex- pected. &c., to W.M. TROUGHTON, Nurseryman, Preston, Lancashire. WANTED, a young married FOREMAN, for Private Garden. Must be very steady and obliginp, and good at Table Decorations. Preference given to a man without family. IS5. a week, Lodge, Garden, and Milk.— Apply, by letter only, to S., Messrs. SIMSON and CO.. Stationer. Hertford. WANTED, as WORKING FOREMAN, a good Propagator and Market Grower, who is tho- roughly accustomed to Grow Cucumbers, Tomatos. Muehrooms, and general Stuff for Market. Must be a pushing man, sober and steady, and able to take management in absence of owner. Apply by letter only, stating wages, if married, what age, and referencesfrora previous engagements. — FOREMAN , Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Straud. W.C. ANYeD, a YOKE M AN, "for the "Plouses (Private Establishment), a thorough practical roan. Must have been Foreman twice previous. Not under 29. — Apply by letter. J. EV^ANS, Melchet Court, Romsey, Hants. ANTED,"for a Market~Nursery, TWO YOUNG MEN, quick at Potting and Watering. Wages, 18s. per week.— State age and references to TURNER BROS., Nurserymen and Florists, Garston, near Liverpool, WANTED, a good practical MAN, to take Charge of a Department, must be well up in Palms, Stove Plants, &c., and capable of taking Charge of Men.— Apply, with references, to H. B. MAY, Dyson's Lane Nur- series, Upper Edmonton. WANTED, a GROAVER, to take Charge of a Department —Must beacompetent hand at Chrysan- themums, Roses, and Tomatos. — Apply, with references, stating age, married or single, and wages required, to MANAGER, LlysOnen Gardens, St. Clears, (.armarthenshire. WANTED, a smart young MAN as Plant and Flower Grower. Also to attend Market twice a week. State wages and references to S. HARVEY", Elythe Street Nursery, Woodborough Road, Nottingham. ANTED, a MAN, about 30, for a small Nursery, well-up Inside and Out. JIust be metho- dical and neat, energetic and obliging. Also a LAD, who understands Watering, &c., and would like to learn Cut Flower Work under an expert. Good characters indis- pensable.—C. .T.. GanfeBeri' Chronic's Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a young MAN, well up in Cucumberj, Tomatos, Hoses, and Market Plants, Cut Flowers, &c. — Apply, stating wages required, to JONES AND SONS. Shrewsbury. WANTED, a reliable MAN, married, no children; one used to the West End Jobbing Tr.idp, to live on the premises. Wages 16s., with house. — Address, J. G., Gardeners' Ch-onicle office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. W 'ANTED, an IMPROVER, in a large Garden, under Glass, for two years. — Age about h> ; strong and healthy. Premium, £> per annum. Wages, VJs. the fir^t; 14s. the second. Bothy, milk, &c.— A. EVANS, Lythe Hill, Haslemere. W' ANTED, for a Town in the Midlands, a young L.iDY, quick at Making-up Wreaths, Bouquets, &c. One usea to good Work and a good Saleswoman, apply, stating terms, to K.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wel- lington St., Strand, W.C. A VACANCY occurs for a young LADY PUPIL to the Cut Flower Trade —A splendid oppor- tunity to get a thorough knowledge of liigh-cla^s work. Good home.— For terms, apply to JONES A.SI) SONS, Florists, Shrewsbury. WANT PLACES. TO GARDENERS AND OTHERS SEEKING SITUATIONS. Advertisei's are cautiuned against haniit/ letters addressed to initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened hy the authorities and returned to the sender. The pressure upon our spaee at this season of tie year is so great, we are compelled to state that adnrttseme7its received after 6 P.M. on ]\'edncsiliiy luill, in all prohahility, he held over to (In: nr.rt week. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requlriiig Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS, JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn, W.C. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce t^at they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situation;?, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c.— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Balllfifs, Foresters. &c. DICKSONy, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of the hii/hest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their busi- ness. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—'* DICKSONS, Chester.*' C^AKDENEKS. — Our complete and extensive T register of GARDENERS OPEN FOR ENGAGEMENT is at the service of any Lady or Gentleman wishing to secure the services of trustworthy reliable men.— DICKSONS AND CO., 1, Waterloo Place. Edinburgh. Established over a Century. F SANDER, AND CO. can recommend • several highly qualified and energetic HEAD and UNDER GARDENERS, of excellent character, and proved ability; men thoroughly fitted for all the various duties of their profession. For all particulars, please apply to — F. SANDER AND CO., St. Albans. BS. WILLIAMS AND SON beg to intimate • that they have at present in their Nursery and upon their Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the beat selections for the different capacities will be made. — Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway. N. GARDENER (Head); age 30.— J. Dumble, Gardener to Sir Charles Philipps, Bart., Picton Castle, Haverfordwest, is desirous of recommending his General Fore- man, H. Butcher, to any Lady or Gentleman re(iuiring a thoroughly competent man. He has a good knowledge of the different branches of Gardening, is well acquainted with the Cultivation of Fruit (Indoorand Out), Flowers and Vegetables, is also a good hand at Table Decorations. GARDENER (Head) ; 9ge 20.~Ll. Jones, Gardener to Wm. Pilkingtoo, Esq., J.P.D.L., Roby Hall. Liverpool, can with confidence recommend his Foreman, John Clarke, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a steady, industrious, all-round man. GARDENER (Head).— W. B. Fisher, Gar- dener to the Earl Cawdor, Stackpole Court, Pembroke, will be pleased to recommend Charles Davis to any Lady or Gentleman who is in want of a first-class man. GARDENER (Head); age ;3l\— J. Ander- son, Gardener to F. NettlefoM, Esq.. Streatham Grove, Norwood, S.E., is de^^irous of recommending his Foreman, Samuel St«arn, who has been with him five jears. He has a thorough knowledge of Gardening in all its branches. Knowa his work, and is not afraid to do it. GARDENER (Head) ; middle age, married, one boy.— Advertiser is open to an engagement where the services of a good all-round practical Man are required. Excellent testimonials, and reference to high garden autho- rities.—W. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellingtou Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head), where three or four are kept.— Age X\, married, no family. Eighteen years" experience. Six vears' good character. Vine*, Cucumbers, - Melons, Flower and Kitchen Garden.— GEO. GOODSELL, The Gardens, Hazelwood, Morden. Surrey. G~ ARDENER (Head).— Age 33, married, one child ; excellent charactor from present employer, who is giving up establishment. Thoioughly understands the rouiine of Gardening. Life experience.- W. DAVEY, The Gardens, Clarence Lodge, Beddington. ARDENER (Head, or good Single- iiANniLi").— Age 3i, married, two children, yourgest six years of age. Tlioroughly experienced in Vines, Melons, Tomato^, Cucumbers. Stov« and Greenhouse Plants, and Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Can be highly recommended by present and previous employer?. — D. FOSTER, 25, Essex Street, Reading. GARDENER (Head) —Age 42, married, no family ; Scotch. Ten years good character from the Right Hon. Sir Massey Lopes, Bart., Maristow; has been in some of the best gardens in Scotland and England, is now open to re engage to any Lady or Qe"tleman requiring a good a'l- round Gardener.— D. M. K., 53, Ifield Road. Fulham Ruad.S.W, r\ ARDENER Ur GROWER.-Age 28, (HeadI, or ORCHID married, no family. Well up in Glass. Fruit and General Routine of. Garden Work. Good characters.— W. J., 3, Pown all Road, Fulliam. GARDENER (Head).— Age 27; where two or three are employed. Eleven years' experience. Four years in present situation. Two and a half as Foreman.— Mr. S. A. WOODS. Osberton Gardens, Worksop, will be pleased to recommend Walter Holly as above. GARDENER (Head), where assistance is given, or FOREMAN in a large Establishment.— Par- ticulars from STEPHEN CASTLE, F.R.H.S.,Ashford Vineyard, Fordingbridge, Salisbury. ARDENER (Head) ; age 35, married.— Mr. W. Swan. Gardener and Steward to J. P. Bryce, Es(i , Byslock, Exraouth, can with every confidence recom- mend a thoroughly practical man, conversant with the requiremt-nti of a large e^^tabli&hment and all things pertain- ing to Horticjlture. First-class Orchid Grower and General Plantsman. Highest possible character. GARDENER (Head), or good Second.— Age 29; thorouglily experienced. West of England preferred. Good testimonial Irom last situation.— A. M., Mrs. Taokley, Albion Road. St. Albans. Herts. ORCHID GROWER, or GARDENER (Head).— Age 30. married, one child ; pnctical man in all branches. Good character and testimonials.- H. E., 15, Barntield Road, Upper Norwood. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 24, married when suited ; life experience in all branches of the profession. Excellent testimonials from present and pre- vious employers.— J. F. JACKSON, The Gardens, Norwood Hall. SheHield. ARDENER (Head AVorking),— Age 30, married ; thoroughly competent to Manage good General Place. Highly recoramtndtd. Five and a half years' present place.— C. HARVEY, Lockerby Hall Gardens, Eomsey, hants. ARDENER (Head Working); age 35, married, no family. — A Lady recommends the above as thoroughly competent, steady, obliging, and trustworthy. She parts with him for no fault, and can give him six and a half years' excellent character.— T. C, Geys House Maidenhead. jANUiKT 21, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 87 GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept.— Age 2S; can be well reconimended hy present and previous employers.— C. BEST, Danson Park, Bexley Heath, Kent. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 31, married, two in family; thoroughly experienced in all branches. Early and Late Forcicg. Three and a half years' fcood character, seven years previously. — T. LUPTON, Elstree, Herts. GARDENER (Head Working). — Middle age, married, two girls, Scotch; thorough Fruit and Plant Grower. Orcliids, &c. Life experience in all br.inches. Character in town. — S,, The Stables, 7, Amberley Boad, Sydenham, S.E. ARDENER (Head Working). — Mrs. C. A. H. Long, Dolforgan, Eimouth. will be pleased to recommend Walter Wait as a thorough all-round Head Working Gardener, who has been for the past two years Head Gardener to her late father, and left entirely through a death. — W. WAIT. The Misons, Long Ditton. Surrey. GARDElNER (Head Working).— Age 33, married, one child. Advertiser seeks an interview with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good all-round man, expe- rienced in all branches. Excellent character. ^A. B., Rose Cottage, Shardlow. Der&y. GARDENER (Head Wouking) ; age 35.— A Gentleman can strongly recommend his Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical experienced all-round man, who thoroughly understands Growing for Market if required. — E. D., Trevethan Lodge, Erith. Kent. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27; thoroughly experienced in allbranchef. Can be highly recommended by present and previous employers.— WALTER HILL. Nunnery Gdrdens. Isle of Man. G"~AROENER (Head Wokking).— Age 28, married when suited. Foreman in present situation three years. Can be well recommendo I a.s goolerts. P ORE.MAN (I'leasure Ground and Kitciik.v A G.vKDfS). — Axe 2V. married; live in Lonel, Ludlow. JOURNEYMAN (Kirst), in a good establish- ment; age 24.— J. Atkinsov, Gardeuer, Matfen Hall, Nowcastle-on-Tyne,can with confidence recommend T. Ha^gitt a.4 above. Nine year»' experience. JOURNEYMAN (Fih.st), in a good Estab- lishment. — Age 2.1; eight years' experience. Oood references from present and previous employers.— J. QILKS. The Gardens, Kaatwell Park, Ashford, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out. -Can be well recommended from present and previous employers.-K. COLLINO, The Gardens, Toksowa lloii-c. Dulwich Cimnion, S.E. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24; nine years' experience in good Gardens. Qoolt>r glass Hardy fruit xarden ... Kit^rhen garden, the ... Orchid-housfs. the ... Plants under glass ... Wetlingtonia gigantea... LA ltd ELY INCREASED CIRCULATION. Important to Advehtisebs. — The PuhlUher hat the satit/action of announcing that the circulation of the " Gardener)' Chnoiiele" hot, since the reductiun in the price of the paper, Increased to the extent of 76 per cent. Advertisers are reminded that the "Chronicle" circulates anwiig all classes of gardeners and garden-lwers at hume and abroad, and is preserved for reference in all the principal Libraries. Deal Direct with the actual Orowers. HCANNELL AND SONS' KENTISH • 8EKD9 ore certainly the best in Europe. New CATALOGUE tree to coming cu-tomers. Mr. C. HARKINGTON. The Gar.lena. Oaklnnda. Crnnleigh ; —'•your Primulas are the finest ever seen about here, (iar- deners all round have come to cee them, and say they never Baw such. Mv ladies are much pleased with jour needs." Col. BROCKMAy. Midhurst — ■• I am convinced of the absolute superioriry of your seeds. Last summer I actually sowed the spare seeds of the previous year, and I found them meet excelle-^t." CANNELL'S SEED.S Perfect only direct from Swanley, Kent. OR SALE, GABDENERS' CHRONICLE, 1841 t.0 18.S2 inclu«ive. Good copies, half-bound. Adver- tiser will close with tir»t ren.'onnble otter. Purchaser to pay carriage.— Address WILKINSON. Gardeners' C/ironiWe Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. SUTTONS' TRIMULAS.— The Best Strain in existence. Price of Seed, 2s. M. to is. per Packet, post'free. SUTTONS' CINERARIAS,— Large Flowers and Lovely Colours. Price of Seed, 2s. Sd. and 5s. per packet, post-free. SUTTONS' GLOXINIAS.-The Prize Flowers of the Season. Seed from these, 2s. 6d. and .=)S. per Packet, post-free. SUTTONS' SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIBRCT FROM SUTTON iSD SONS. THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN. BEADfNO. c ARTERS' TESTED For Full Particulars see SEEDS. RASPBERRY UANES. — Norwich Wonder and Fastolf. 4». ii. pr 100. LILIU.M AURATUM, direct importation from 1, 30J. per 100 ; Sj. per dozen. WALSHAW AND SON, Scarborough. ORCHIDS, — New and rare species, a special feature. Catalogue forwarded post-free on application, SEEOER AND TROPP, Ltd., Orchid Nursery, East Dulwich, Londou, S.E. ^ew Seed of ASPARAGUS PLUMOSUS NANUS, clean well-ripened need. — U. B. MAY offers the above, price per oz. or 1000 on application. Dyson's I.iine Nurseries, Upper Edmonton. 9(i (\(\(\ PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES •«V/^V/\JV in full bearing. Apply to— Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., Western Elms (late of Calcot Gardens), Reading, JOHN WATERER and SONS, Limited, Amerioiin Nur-ery, Ilagshot. call attention to their large Stock of HARDY RHOUODKNDRONS of finest named torts. &c. ; CONIFERS, EVERGREENS, and all HARDY SHRUBS at low prices. Trade Price Current, 1S93. PETER LAWSON and SON, Limited, Edinburgh, have posted to their Customers their CATALOGUE of KITCHEN GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS for the present season, and if any have been inadvertently omitted, copies will be forwarded on application. To tile Beed Trade. HAND F. SHARPE have posted their • GENERAL WHOLE.SALE LIST to their customers and others, and shall feel obliged if those who have not received it will inform them, and another copy will be sent. SEED (IRDWINO ESTABLISHMENT. WISBECH, FERNS ! FERNS ! !— Trade,— Greenhouse and stove, 2.') saleable sorts, in i}-in. pots. I'^s. perlllO; 10 best market sorts, in 4H's, 6.*. per doz. ; stores, 6s. per Inn, Large Adiantum cunentum. value in fronds, t's. and Hs. per dozen. Cjperus, Aralias. Sulitnums, and Grevilleas. in 48's, good value, Us. per dozen. Palms. Ficus. Erica hyemalis. Cyclamen, and Dracmnas, in 4H'a. Is. each. P. tremulaand A. cuneatum. for making large plaiit-siiuickly, ItS.T.andL'Os per ino, well packed, put on rail free for cosh with order.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries. Loiighlioro' Junction. London. S.W. J' WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Builders • to Her Mnjesty, H.R.H, the Prince of Wales, H.M. Government, Admiralty Dept.. War Dept,, Royal Hort. Soc, Boyal Botanic Soc, Parks and Public Buildings, Patentees of theUuplexUprightTubular Boilers. King's Road. Chelsea, S.W. ''piIOMSON'S^IANURE,— The sale of this _L Manure is steadily increasing, and it can be had as tnrmerlv of all the leading Nursery and Seedsmen in the Unit.d 'Kingdom. London Agent. Mr. .TAS, GEORGE. 14, Redgrave Road, Putney. Agent for Channel Islands, Mr. J. H. PARSONS. Guernsey. Sole Makers. WILLIAM THOMSON AND SONS, Limited, Tweed Vineyard, Clovenfords, 90 THE GAJWENEBS' CHE ONI CLE. [January 28, 1893. SALES ^Y^AUCTION. .00 Choice Dwarf RO^E^'^SSIoS^UBS -d PIA^B^. Hue Collection of BORDER PLANTS and choice BULBS and ROOTS, 72 GRAPE VINES Pyram.d and Dwarf Trained FRUIT TREES. JAPANESE LILIUMSAZA LEAS. SPIB-EAS. LILY OF THE \ ALLEY, and a large quantity of DUTCH BULBS. MR J C. STEVENS will 'SELL the above by AUCTION, at hi« Great Room^. 3S. King Street. Covent Garden. W.C.'on WEDNESDAY NEXT. February 1, at half-past 12 o Clock precisely. , „ ^ , >,„j On view mofning of Sale, and Catalogues had. The Studley Castle CoUeotion of Orcmds, Palms. FERNS STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. &c. MR j C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from the Official Receiver in Bankruptcy to SELL by AUCTION during the month of FEBRUARY the va uabl COLLECITON of ORCHIDS formed by T. Walker, Esc)., 0! Studley Castle, Warwick, including, amongst others Cypripedium Spicerianum, best variety cardinale Schroderie Hincksianum Haynaldianum EUiotianum bellatulum a^uanthum superbum ., Measuresianum Dendrobium prismatocarpum ; plant Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, fln specimens Cattleya Warocqueana Ccelogyne cristata, fine spec Lcelia anceps alba Cypripedium insigne Lycaste Skinnen alba Maxillaria Lehmannii ,, pieta Cymbidium Lowii Stanhopea tigrina Cuelogyne Massangeana, Kc. Also the well-grown PALMS, FERNS, and other STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. ^ ,. ^^„ -or r Auction Rooms & Offices, 38. King St., Covent Garden. W.C. Monday Next. PLANTS, KOSES, and BULBS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE .^nd MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Centra^ Sale Roon«. 07 5:L^%?''a?^f;-.Cl^cT"2°00?;?aVfROs"E§fl^0),00'^uJv f^^ll^kt^'^0 Stl'-of ?T°Ovl=antSRiENHOU^S^ rffis" a""- PLANTS t BEGONIAS. Hardy and Border ^^^'Vn-vifw moaning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. From FRED. HORSMAN ASD CO., Colchester. L.ELIA. PURPURATA, superb well-leaved masses, from a new district. CATTLEYA AMETHYSTINA, superb well- leaved masses, quite equal to L.ELIA elegans. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM, just to hand, perfect shape, and many spotted forms, and some gigantic masses. ORCHIDS IN BLOOM, comprising many grand forms, and others very rare, and well-established. The above offers an opportunity seldom to be had, for every plant is selected with great care. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIUAl NEXT, February 3, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. HlgWy Important Sale of Established Orchids. The Duplicates of nearly all the choicest things in the Celebrated PICKERING LODGE COLLECTION, WITHOUT RESERVE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from George Hardy Esq., , iirrrbv AUCTION on the premises, Pickefing Lodge, ^^mperley netr Slnchester, EARLY ui MARCH, a PORTION 0 thts fXmOUS COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, the whole being in a high state of cultivation. Amongst the varieties to be offered will be found the following :— 1 Lffilia Arnoldiana, specimen plant, 2 leads with 8 Cattleya Skinnen alba ,, Hardyana, large plant, 2 leads, original plant Tuesday Next. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Cent-. Sa'e Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT January 31, at halt-past 12 oClock 50 Lots of SACCOla BIUM HARRISONI. and a Quantity of l^tablished ORCHIDS. Mmprising CYPRIPEDIUMS, CATTLEYAS, ONCIDIUMS, DENDROBIUMS, &c. , ., j On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. EXTENSIVE CONSIGNMENT of LILIES, direct from Japan for SALE, absolutely without Reserve. 6470 LILIUM AURATUM. 3020 „ SPECIOSUM RUBRUM. 1000 „ CORDIFOLIUM. 80O SPECIOSUM ALBUM. UOO AURATUM MACRANTHUM. 50 .. BUliRO-VITTATUM. 60 '.'. .. WITTEI. 500 " BATEMANNI.E. 1000 JAPANESE IRIS, and 389 TREE P.EONIES. Also 2 ENORMOUS BULBS of LILIUM AURATUM (3 feet each in circumference), last received from Japan, in line condition. SOOO LILIUM HARRtSI, in fine condition; 500 LILIUM SZOVITZIANUM, very fine Bulbs; 2000 single mixed IIgOnSs, tree FERNS, C^'\™EAS, and D CK- SONIAS • 2000 eitra choice Exhibition BEUONIAs. 3000 PEARL TUBEROSES, TIGRIDIAS AMARYLLIS HYBRIDS 1000 GLADIOLUS LEMOINEI; 30 extra lar^e AZALEA ISDIOA, well-set, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE axd MORRIS wUl SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Centg.^ Sale Rooms 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on WED.M.S.UAI NEXT, February 1, at 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. ,ith 15 spikes elecans alba bulbs Morreniana. good plant. with 12 bulbs Blenheimense. magni- ficent plant, with 16 bulbs Schilleriann. grand piece Tressideriana tenebrosa, large speci- mens [in Europe Boothiana, fiu'ist plant anceps Schroderie , Schroderiana, finest of all the white varieties Harpophyllum gigan- teum, wonderful spe- cimen Dendrobium Cooksonii ,, nobile nobilius „ ToUianum ,, Lcechianiim (flora „ splendidissimum gruudi- '„ Ainsworthii ,, Dominianum „ nobile giganteum, from the Stand Hall col- lection [num spleniiidissimum Leea- Ly'caste Skinneri alba Ccelogyne cristata alba, fine pieces ,. cristata maxima, Trent- ham and ChaUworth varieties. grand pieces uperbum, strong pieces. Tuesday, February 7. Imported by Messrs. Walter Kemsley & Co., 147. Leadenhall Street, London. About 200 Plants CYPRIPEDIUM CUAMBERLAINIANUM. A splendid shipment of BURMESE ORCHIDS, comprising DENDROBIU.M WARDIANUM LOWU ,, THYRSIFLORUM CHRY-OTOXUM GIGANTEUM !' SUAVISSIMUM VIRGINEUM FALCONERI. DEVONIANUM ;; BRY.MERIANUM CHRYSANTHUM. CYPRIPEDIUM BOXALLI. C. LOWEANUM, and a new AERIDES from the Shan States; VANDA CffiRULEA and AERIDES CBASSIFOLIUM. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., oi TUESDAY. February 7. at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues tad. Eeston, Middlesex. On the main Bath road, near Cranford. Whitton. Hounslow, Isleworth. &c. VALUABLE FREEHOLD PROPERTY, comprising about 12 acres of prolific Market Fruit Gardens, will, all the requisite appliances for carrying on the business of Fruit and Vegetable growing on a large and profitable sca\e. Also a capital brick-built and slated Residence of eight rooms and foreman's lodge, the whole enclosed within fences and with extensive frontage to the Bath read, about i} mile from the station at Hounslow within halt a mile of Hounslow Barracks Station, and about a dozen milesof Covent Garden Market. MESSRS. SAMUEL B. CLARK and SON will offer the above important FREEHOLD PROPERTY for SALE by AUCTION, in cue Lot, at the MAM. Tokenhousc Yard, E.C., on TUESDAY. January 31. 1SS13, at 1 o Clock "Tartolars, with conditions, of the Solicitors Messrs BIRCHAM AND CO., 46, Parlinment Street and at the Auctioneers' Offices, 8, New Cavendish Street, W., and 10. Hanover Square, W. ^^^^_^_^__ Wednesday Next. 6740 LILIUM AURATUM. The finest Bulbs offered this Season. IMPORTANT TO THE TRADE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg . '"t oflircTes 'o^LIli^El from iTpA^ TO^'^sSlD a^ttairCm? on WEDNESDAY NEXT. The Auratums are unquestiSly ?l.e best off eredthis season, and amongst them are two enormbus Bulbs. 3 feet in circumference. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday. February 10. HIGHLY IMPORTANT SALE '' ^G"SlSi?ns" "„^^\*i1?DriuLls^;-"2°orizrLT| SS,^^S^i^i^;l^^=^-: MESSRs7pR0THER0E and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms. 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C.. en lUlDAl. February 10. at 12 o'clock. , „ . , , . On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. 2 ,[ Lawrenceana. 2 speci- 5 ,, Mossiee Hardyana, offered for the first time ,, Reineckiana .. Msndelii, grand speci- mens, several varieties ,, purpurata aurora ,, aurea, some grand pieces ,. Bowringiana, specimen plants, and fine varie- ties „ Phillbrickiana ., SchiUeriana, with 20 bulbs ,, Trianie Hardyana ,, Mendelii bella Cypripedium selligerum ma- jus, fine specimens ,, Both-childiarum .. EUiottianum ,, candidulum, fine speci- ,. Wallisii, do. ,, Spicerianum, grand plants ,, Dominianum. do. calurum, fine variety, and specimen plant Cymbidium Hookerianum Calanthe textorum, fine speci- ,. veratrifolia, large plant Cata°or"es'i°r:"n"J'belng'pre;a^«i,"aSwhen'-re^^^^^ be Obtained on the premisel^of Mr. Holmes and of the Auc- Uoneera and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. Thursday Next.-Important Sale. GLADIOLUS BAMOSUS. named varieties ; I''^'?™"";^'"?,,^ ** superb lot of seedling GANDAVENSIS named Mochor^us ™MiRTPOS A LILIES: 70 CALLA NANA CO-MPAI..IA. ttie mfni^furt Lily of the Nile; a splendid collection of C^SONS, including the new varieties Danger EmUy Thodav, Mrs. Rielfel, Horace Crimson Pink Malmaison. &c • a magnificent assortment of English-grown LILIES ™V,r»..|no- ill the best in cultivation; enormous Bulbs ot embracing ail ine ue3i.iu^"^ • G7n\"rT7rANUM • LILIUM PLATYPHYLLUM and L. SZO\ nziAmi Ji , fniportation of ANEMONES from G'^f fj GI'"^'^.J-^| ?feY^IVlR'FAjlpONIcI?^s"pA'i;M\TA°'DIELY^ TBAsVECTABl'LIsf PEARL' TUBEROSES RUBINS iACINIATUS iPafsley^leaved Blackberry) SEAKALE, Olnire de Diiou ROSES, HYDRANGEA P A N IC L i, a i a . HARDY ClSbEiS, CLEMATIS PASSIFLORAS, and otters. TRITONIA UVARIA. 200 »^™rf ROSES new Kfcrs'°/HL"orDEl^HINIUMS HOLLY^HOCK^ CACTUS. POMPON, and Single DAHLIAS, ASIUKS HELEBORUS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS ■will ^SELLtieaboVe by AUCTION, at their Cent^ra^^ale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C, on THURSDAY NEXT. Febrmry 2, at 12 o'clock. „ ^ , . j On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday, February 7.-Speclal Sale. IVTESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will iVl SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central M^e Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, B.C., on TUESDAY. February 7. at half-pist 12 o'Clook. Fuller particulars will appear next week. WANTED to RENT, or with view to I UR- CHASE some modern-built HOUSES, suitable for Cucumber and Tim itoGrowing.-T.J.. Gardentrs' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. WANTED to RENT, a SMALL NURSERY, connected with Shop, in a thriving country town or subu-b. Must bear strictest invertigltion.-Apply to H E Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington St, Strand. W.C. WANTED to RENT or LEASE, a small NURSERY or GARDEN, containing a few Glass; J ., A^..o f^i- Two nf Ground — X. O.. Gtirdeners houses, and an Acre or Iwo oi urouuu. .■...^..^ Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. T70R DISPOSAL, SUMMERHOW ij VINERIES, Kendal, consisting of about 20,000 feet of rai.=a well stocked with Vines, Neil Roses. Maidenhair Ferns, IcSuitabl^also for Tomato Culture. Heated with 3900 feet 4-inch Piping by two Boilers. „,Ti.rr.jxr a.„„m»r Particulars on application to owner, A. DUNCAN, Summer- how Vineries. Kendal. SURREY —Seven miles from Covent Garden. Genuine NURSERY BUSINESS, 3 acres and 13 Green- houses stocked, and well heated; Dwelling House and Out- bu"w^gs all n good repair. Lease unexpired, 16 years. Benta,Ill5and£10. West End Shop at iiOO a-year. Turn- over, about £5000. Price as a going concern. £1000. Strict '-FuU^paHl^uta^ of Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. (Folio 7803.) OR^SALE, Compact (Leasehold), Provincial, Hardy Plant NURSERY, in full and successful working. The St/vk of Choice Hardy Plants, ready for thecoming season, ?s laf^and ve?'y complete, second to -one in the country svstematicaUy arranged and true to name. This Established Nu«e"y^s splendidly situated, with Glass and all re.iu.site offices''^ It is^an increasing business, and a -0""^ ■°7'^;"* for anyone desiring a pleasant and profitable occupation. Price about £760; half might remain at interest. Particulars to 'onu yii/e applicauta only, DELTA, JOs, Upper Brook Street, Manchester. FOR SALE, satisfactory reasons for disposal, a small compact NURSERY, mostly Glass. Substantial houses;' low ground rent ; over ^ //»" """P'^^j^; ^^^^i Price including Stock and Fixtures, £loOO. ioOJ coulQ remain at 6 per cent. Good business-grpwing district .f Seaside Town.-Apply. M. a. Gardeners ChromcU Office, 41, Wellington Stre.'t, Strand, W.C. r^ANADA.-DESIR.^BLE FRUIT FARM. \J "THE PINES," NIAGARA. Ai opportunity occurs to acquire this very Desirable Property, in fine working order, and situated in THE BEST FRUIT-GROWING REGION IN CANADA. The Farm consists of 60 acres fine loamy soil, most favourable to fruit growing, is well watered and stocked with the best varieties of Apple, Pear, P urn. Cherry, and Peach Trees Grapes &c. The Live Stock includes four Cows, two Horses. &c , and the Implements comprise all those required In Fruit Cultivation. The Residence is an excellent 'Ten- Koomed stone-built house, with Dairy, Barn. Stable, and other ^buildings, and there are Ornameuta Trees, Shrubs vvth Lawn, &c. It is plea'antly situated in Ihe Niagara Peninsula, bXeen Niagara River and Lake Ontario, and IJ miles troni tteTteaaiboat Landing and Railway Station of the to f Niagara (a favourite Summer Resort), thus affording ready L^;?:^:ge°at^7prc:nt."per^ruS"Thfp^otertr5 ^'fe?cSs"!:L>;S?No!te3,*"l^rTH^*rcO.,Adyer. 1 vertiaing Agents, Edinburgh. Januaby 28, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 91 FRIDA Y NEXT. From FRED. HORSMAN & CO., COLCHESTER CATTLEYA AMETHYSTINA, superb well-leaved masses, quite equal to L.elia Elegans. LJELIA PURPURATA- superb well-leaved masses, from a new district, ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM, | ORCHIDS IN BLOOM, just to hand, perfect shape, and many spotted forms, and j comprising many grand forms, and others VERY RARE, AND some gigantic masses. i WELL-ESTA]iLISHEli. The above offers an opportunity seldom to be had, for every plant is selected with great care. MESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 6" & 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, February 3, at half-past 12 o'Clock, On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. ''po BE SOLD, an Old-established NURSERY, X with some 50.0O0 feet of Glass, and 8 Aires of Ljnd, well-Btocked. aod in going order; or a PARTNER would be entertained. Terms very reasonable. Apply to — T. HAWKENS. Horticultural Builder, Ashford. Middlesex. SMALL COMPACT NURSERY, South London Suburb. Main Road. Two miles of Covent Garden. Low Rent. Splendid Business position. Price for Goodwill, Stock, and Fixtures, £lfX). — C. H., care of Mr. Buckmaster. SUtioner, Newington Butts, S.B. Hj X) ~B E LET or SOLD (Freehold), with Imme- J- diatc Possession, an outdoor ROSE NURSERY, planted with Leading Market Sorts for Cut bloom, consisting of S Acres, with 2 Dwelling Houses. Sheds. Stablings, &c .situate on High Road, within easy driving distance of London Markets. —Apply, J. CROUCH, Houndsfield, Lower Edmonton. ryo LET, a FRUITERERS FLORIST^, X and SEEUS.MAN'3 BUSINESS.— Every convenience for carrying on the same. Well situated in the High Street, Lease twelve years. Price on application. 114. High Street, Beckenham. ''PWO LEAN-TO GLASSnOUSES FOR X. SALIC. One .W feet by S feet, and the other 111 feet by 8 feet, both filteil with Shelves Apjuiratus complete. — Apply to Mr an 1 .Suiveyor. liford. Seed Fotatos. HAND F, SIlARl'E have forwarded their * SPECIAL PRICED LIST of SEED P0TAT()3 to their Customers and others in the Trade, and will thank those who have not received it to inform them, and a further copy will be posted. SEED GROWING ESTABUSHMENT, WISBECH. FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow Them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World,— :iij minutes from St. Pancras. C^ A M E L L I A S and G R E E N II O U S E J RHODODENDRONS.— A nuantity of fine specimens in grand condition. Covered with buds fit for exhibition, ecently purchased from a private collection. C:(n be supplied at lo» prices. For particulars apply to B. S. WILLIAM.S AND SON, Victoria and Paradise Nursery, Upper Holloway, N. LARUE CAMELLI.VS coming into bloom, — A (luantity of very fine phmts in pots and tubs, will be Bold at half the usual prices on ac.:ount of room being wanted. May be seen at any time, or particulars by post, from W.Vl. PAUL AND SONS, Waltliam Crasa, H.rts. ORCHIDS. — Many rare and choice Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, Cypripediums, &c.. always in stock. Inspection invited. Plea.se write tor LIST. W. L. LEWIS AND CO., F.R.H.S., Chase Side, Southgate, London, N. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYABD AND NTTRSERIES, CARSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL, Have this season splendid stocks of the following : GRAPE VINES, For fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. TEA and ether ROSES, in pots, ERICAS, AZALEAS, PALMS, FERNS, &c., &o. CATALOGUES, with full particulars, post free on application. S^eciul Quotations to the Trade, c TRUIT TREES, — Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries, per 100 or 1000. Prices on application. FLETCHER BROS., Ottershaw Nurseries, Chertsey. fl O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. BtKMER. Seed Grower. Quedlinburg, Germany. CALCEOLARIAS. — A fine lot of strong Plants of Jame's and Carter's strain, in 48 - iiots for Flowering. Pric»' on application to JOHN FRASER. Tiie Nurseries. L.-a Bridge Road. Leyton. HRYSANTIIEMUM8.— Best and Newest.— strong Cuttings, from Is. M. per dor.en, 10«. per 100; Plants, V5. ti(f. pLT dozen. 16*. per loO. Many valuable prizes have been taken by ray customers during the last It years. CATAL03U« of W. ETIIKKINGTON. Chrysanthemum Grower, Swanscombe. Kent. V E I T C II 'S E X O N I A N P E A,— V The Eirliest Wrinkle( ilTUES'~EAST~LOTIII AN STOCKS,— 1- Sow now for a lontinuous and brilliant summer and autuinii display. For Massing in Heds. for Herbaceous and Shrubbery Borders, and for Cutlin«. this Stock has no rival. My superb Strain, which is Pcrdctly True, conUins a larger jjercentage of Double Flowers tliiiii any other. It has had a Buccessful run of about twenty j'lrs uniform good quality, and iU reputation is world-wide. In 6 perfectly distinct and grand sorts, \-\r.., crimson, purple. »curlet, white, crimson Walltlower-leaved, and white Wallflower-leaved, each sort, \s., 2*. (5rf., and 5s. per packet. JOHN KORHKS. Hawick. Scotland. To Growers of Fruit and Howera lor Market. APPLES. Strung Maid'-ns, in 12 leading kinds, iuclu.liiig SulUcld. Warner's King, Coi's Pc- mona, Ilramleys, Lord Urosveuor, &c., Is. Bd. per dozen, 50<. per 100 -Address, COBBAN AND SONS, Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists, Market Place, Kotherham. CARNATION "William Stocks, Brilliant Scarlet, very free and perpetual bloomer, strongly scented; llowers do not hurst. We have cut blooms of this variety 6 inches in circumference, and as many as forty blooma to the plant, one year old. This variety is perf.ctly hardy, and a strong grower, having withstood the late severe frost. Price, strong plants in pots, IHs. per dozen.— Address, COHBAN AND SONS, Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. Market Place, Rotherham. EXHIBITION. SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ^ Schedules for the FLORAL FKTE, SHREWSBURY, Augu.t 2.3 and 21, 1S93, are Now Beady. CASH PRIZES are offered in the Society's Schedule for 1S9J, amounting to nearly SEVEN HUNDRED AND TWENTY POUNDS. Schedules sent post-free on apjilication to— Messrs. AD.SITT AND NAUNTON, Hon. Sees,, Shrewsbury, Novelty for 1893. VARIEGATED HOP.— Most ornamental and fast-growing climber. See report of the Gardeners' ChronicUot Oct. S, 1892. Descriptive LIST free on application. FRED. ROOMER. Seed Grower. Quedlinburg, Germany. SEED POTATOS, -Sutton's Early Regent, 1.5 bush, from 14 lb. of seed lost season, T^.cwt. ; Ringleader, same price. Magnum Boiiuni, 6s, cwt. Sutton's White ,1 . ARTICHOKE, 2s. I'd. for 2,S lb. The GARDENER, Sailingham Rectory, Holt, Norfolk, SUPl'JRR ORCHIDS, CHEAP,— ThoWn'ds to select from. Write for List, free.— P. MoARTHUR, The London Nurterv, 4, Maida Vale. London, W. c CHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTIN GS,— Madame Defgraiiges, I.'is. ; Mrs. Hawkins, 20s, per 1000. I. cash \Mth order.: O. LINQE, Chambery, Hampton, Middlesex. >H(1';NIX RECLINATA, in 5-inoh pots, 12s. per dozen, 00s. per lOO. O. LANGE, t^hambcry, Hampton. Middlesei. G RIFFIRIE STOCKS, disbudded, 22s. per 1000 ; Dwarf Gloires, 30s. per 100. HENRY ROCK. Kemberton. Shifnal. UR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of CHRY'.^ANTHEMU.MS. PELARGONIUMS, DAHLIAS. BEGONIAS, CANNAS, AMARYLLIS, GLOXINIAS, &c., and SEED LIST, is ready for distribution, and will be sent free on application. 24 First Prizes and IS Gold Medals awarded. REID AND BORNEMANN, Sydenham, London, S.E. nr\ (\(\(\ EUONYMUS, Green and Golden, >)\Jtl\J\J\f all Biilcndid busby plants.— GREEN: 9 in. to 12 in., at 2I>J. perlUO; 12 in. to 1.5 in.,at M.Ss. per 100 ; 15 in. to 18 in.,atfiOs. per 100; IB in. to 21 in., at 70s. per 100; 21 in. to 24 in., at 95s. per 100; 30 to 40 in. at special prices. GOLDEN : 6 in. to 12 in., at 4s. to 9s. per doz. Cash with Order. J. J. CLARK. Goldstone, Brighton. GIANT LILY OF TIIE VALLEY.— Rest Berlin Crowns for Forcing. .5000, at 24s. per 1000 ; 300O, 2l!s. per lOOO ; lOOO. 2Hs. ; 100, 3s. M. ; 25, Is. 3//. ; English Roots for Planting, Is. (W. per 100. DAHLIA ROOTS, strong, . ts. M. per 100. STRAWBERKY RUNNERS, Is. lid. per 100. PANCRATIUMS, grand consignment, just imported, sure to (lower well. P, ZEYLANICUM, grand market llowers, snow- white and sweet-scented, 2.5s. per 100. GLORIOSA SUI'ERIIA, 'some price. New Seeds of CAPE SILVER TREE, ed. and Is. per packet. CRINUMS in sorts, true to name, .30s. to I60s. per lOO. PINE- APPLE, nice young plants, from 40s. per 100. ARUM LILIES, Lilium Harrisii, Tuberoses, Amaryllis, Ammocharis, Uabiaiia, Ferrurias, Humanthus, Frecsins, Nerines, Vnllotas. 0RCH1D.'5 and all other rare Bulbs and Plants at low rates. Trade supplied. LIST free. JAMES, Importer, New Maiden, Surrey. novelties! HELON : Dicksons' Hero of Chester. A splendid new scarlet llethcd variety, ottered for the lirst time. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. TOMATOS — The best varieties are — DICKSONS' CICs-ritlAN (Red), per Packet, U. and Is. M. MCKSONS- EAHI-Y RUliY(Kubv). per Packet, Is. and l,v. Ad. DICKSONS' YELLOW KINO (Yellow), per Packet, Is, and Is. 6i. DICKSONS' WHITE QUEEN (White), per Packet, Is. 6rf. All fully described in our VEOErABLK and FLOWER SEED CATALOGUE, No. 419, post-free on application. DICKSONS, Seed Growers, CHESTER. (/.imited) 92 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [Jancaut 28, 1893. SEEDS -SEEDS, ^"■?Af' ' BEST PROCURABLE ^"^f^T ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Descriptive and Alphabetically arraDged, with ORDER SHEh-T. fr< I application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., (Seed Merchants and Nurserymen), WORCESTER. (Eslabli^hed 1804.) IVATE (LLUSTf^ATEOLlST/; '3RATIS. Order Direct— No Branches or Agents. THE SEOST FOFULAB CELERIES ARE HARRISONS' . and Is. packets, post-free. PENGELLY WHITE S Trade prices 3s. and 6s. per dozen respectively. Stamps received for small remittances. Our General CATALOGUE of famous LEICESTER SEEDS, which are highly prized for Exhibition and Market Garden purposes, post free on application. Send for a copy to HARBISON' & SONS, SEED GROWERS and MERCHANTS, LEICESTER. NOW IS THE TIME TO PLANT SEND FOR OUR NEW DESCRIPTIVE PRICED^'CATALOQUE Of Fruit Trees, Roses, Conifers, Shrubs, Forest Trees, Climbers, &o. An immense Stock grown. LANDSCAPE GARDENING A LEADING FEATURE. GEO. JAGKMAN & SON, Woking Nursery, Woking, Surrey. Established 1810.] [Area. l&O Acres. COVERT FOR GAME. LAURELS, Common, IJ to 2 feet, bushy, 70s. per 1000. „ ,, 2 10 3 feet, bushy, 100s. per 1000. ,, Portugal, IJ to 2 feet bushy, 25s. per 100. „ ,, 2 to 3 feet, very bushy. 50s. per 100. BERBkRIS AQLTIFOLIA, IJ to 2 feet, very bushy, 80s. p. 1000. BEECH, 2 to 3 feet, strong, 30s. per 1000. ,, 4 to 5 feet, very btrong, 50s. per 1000. HOLLIES, 2 to 3 feet, very bushy, 60s. per 100. 3 to 4 leet. fine plants. 75s. per 100. PRIVET, Evergreen, 3 to 4 feet, bushy. 40s. per 1000. LARCH. SCOTCH Sl'RUCE, FIRS an.i QUICKS, THORNS, in large quantities, and OTHER TSkES, equally cheap and good. CArALOGUES and Samples free on application. K. TUCKER. Nurseries, Faringdon, Berks. FLOWERING LILY OF THE VALLEY. — MagnifioentSamples. 100. 6 marks; 1000, 60 marks, for Post-ofEce Order. Guaranteed to arrive in a fresh condition. BLUMENBOERSE. Magdeburg. Germany. SEA KALE.— Strong Roots for Forcing, 7s. id. per 100; good Roots for rianting, 4s. M. per 100. CHINESE ARTICHOKES, is per 100. Miller's Earliest Ash- leaf SEED POTATOS, 2s. (d. per peck ; 8s. 6(i. per bushel. MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest quality, 3s. id. per b'lshel. Seel catalogue post-free. F. MILLER AND CO . 267, Fulham Road, London, S.W. ASPARAGUS, of fine quality— for Forcing, 5-yr. old, splendid roots, 12s. id. per 100, free on rail ; 6-yr. old. extra fine. 15s. per 100. Cash with order. My Aspa- ragus always makes top price at Covent Garden. Read the following unsolicited testimonial ;—■' Please send me another 200 of 5-yr. old Asparagus Roots. I may say that the last 200 were the best lot of forcing roots I ever bought. »nd my employer say? the quality is eicellent.— C. H. PERKINS, The Gardens, Milton Abbey, Blandford." J. J. CLARK, Market Gardener, Goldstone, Brighton. TOMATO^" CHAXLENGEIV'^Coriins').— Awarded Four First-class Certificates at London Shows, The best kind for Amateurs and Market Growers. Fruit large, tmooth. heavy, bright tcarlet, grandly flavoured, free setting, very prolific. Over 15r0 packets sold in 1892. Sealed Packets, only Is. (Wholesale, HUBST & Son). 6() pp. Illus- trated Seed LIST gratis.— COLLINS BROS. AND GABRIEL, 39, Waterloo Road, London, S.E. TO BE SUCCESSFUL in Growing FLOWERS and VEGETABLES to Perfection, you mu^t have DOBBIE'S CATALOGUE and COMPETITOR'S GUIDE as your constant companion. — " I thank you for your excellent and practical guide, which is the best I ever had." A specimen of hundreds of testimonials. — The Book is ready now ; it con- sists of 160 pages, and is sent free by post for 4(i.— Please apply early, if you want to be sure of getting a Copy.-DOBBIE AXli CO., Florists and Seed Growers, Rothesay, Scotland. BEGONIAS A SPECIALTY. — Awarded Four Gold Medals, Gold Cup, and only Gold Medals for Begonias at the International Horticultural Exhibition. Seed saved from Prize Plants. Choicest mixed, single or double varieties. Is., 2s. id., and 5s. per packet. Collections (Seed), single, twelve named varieties, separate, 5s. id. ; six ditto. 3s. Tubers, named singles, from l&s. to 42s. per dozen. Choicest Seedlings. 4s. to 21s. per dozen; bedding, choicest, 4s , 5s., 6!., and 9s. per dozen; choicest name doubles, from 24s, per dozen ; choicest seedlings, 12i. to 30s. per dozen ; choicest mixed, for bedding, 9s. and 12s. per dozen. Catalogues gratis. JOHN LAING ASn SONS. Begonia Grow^s.&c, Forest HilL BARR'S SEEDS, BULBS, and PLANTS. VEGETABLE SEEDS.— The best sorts only. Much valu- able information. Cataliku'k free on application. FLOWER SEEDS— Upwards of 2U0O species and varieties, all decorative kinds. CaTALOcue free on APPLICATION. BULBS.— Gladioli. Lilies, Anemones, Ranunculus, Hyacinthus candicans, Tigridias, &c., for Spring Planting. Lists ON APPLICATION. PLANTS.— Michaelmas Daisies, Perennial Sunflowers, Double and Single Pueonies, Irises, Oriental Hellebores, Carna- tions, &c. Lists free on application. BARR AND SON. 12, King Street, Covent Garden. London. FRUIT TREES A SPECIALTY. APPLES, PEARS. PLUMS, and all kinds of Hardy Fruit Trees. The best varieties for Garden or Market, new and rare sorts not obtainable elsewhere. STRAWBERRIES, GOOSEBERRIES, CURRANTS, and all kindi of Small Fruits. All the best of the new and old and most profitable varieties. Short Priced CATALOGUE free. Full Descriptive CATA- LOGUE and GUIDE, the most complete issued, id. JOHN WATKINS, Pomona Farm Nurseries, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. TO WHOLESALE SEED BUYERS. SAVE 20 per Cent, by Buying your Seeds direct from the Grower. Selected Stocks of the best quality, and good samples. Send for Trade LIST. Compare Prices. Established 100 years. JOHN K. KING, Seed Grower, COGGESHALL, ESSEX. SHARPE'S PLENTIFUL TOMATO, THE BEST TOMATO OF THE DAY. SHARPE'S PLENTIFUL TOMATO awarded Gold Medal and Ten First Prizes. SHARPE'S PLENTIFUL TOMATO may be obtained of all leading Seedsmen, and from JOHN SHARFE & SON, Bardnet and Town Hall Chambers. Reading, (Mr. J. H. MILLARD. Manager). H. CANNELL & SONS' I5,000-DAHLIAROOTS-I5,000. Our Stock of all planted-out Ground Roots, double the size of the ordinary pot tubers. Most complete olleotion in the world. 500 varieties. We should be glad to quote prices and full particulars. SWANLEY, KENT. CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Our stock of both Plants and Cuttings is the largest and finest ever seen in this country. C. E. SHEA, Esq.. a great prize-taker, says :— " My ex- perience of your system is that it is far and away the best." Our CATALOGUE, sent post-free, will be found the most complete and best illustrated ever issued. H. CANNELL & SONS. Swanley. WHEELER'S NEW POTATO, "The Alderman." For Exhibition this Potato is a model — the eyes are shallow, the skin rough ; it is of large size, a great cropper, and of the finest possible quality ; it withstands disease well, and is one of the most profitable Potatos to grow. Price 4/- per peck ; 12/6 per bush. "I am specially pleased with 'The Alderman' Potato, and consider it one of the most valuable introduc- tions,"—J. H. Fry. "From 71b. of your Alderman Potatos I raised 3 cwt. : for size and cooking quality nothing can surpass them, many weighing IJIb. each, and one, extra large, being 21b. 2oz."— JuH» Clutterbuck. Upwards of a hmidred other testimonials, copy of which may be had gratis and post-free on applii-ation, WHEELER & SON, SEED GROWERS, GLOUCESTER. THE CORINIUM GUINEA COLLECTION OF HIGH-CLASS SEEDS Is probably the cheapest and best a-^sorted ever offered. It contains 12 pints best Peas for succeshion, 4 pints Broad Beans. IJ pint French Bean*i. 3 ounces Carrot, 3 ounces Onion. 1 ounce Parsnip and Beet, Broccoli. Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage, Cauliflower. Celery, Cress, Cucumber, Leek, Lettuce, Mustard, Melon. Parsley, Radish, Spinach, Turnip, Tomato, Vegetable Marrow, Herbs, &c., &c., in sufficientquantitiesfora medium- sized Garden. Carriage and package free. For Smaller Collections, pee Vegetable and Flower Seeds Catalogue, free on application. JNO. JEFFEKIES & SON, Seed Merchants. CIRENCESTER. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE. W'e have now published our Wholesale Catalogin- of VEGETABLE & FLOWER SEEDS Containing also the best Novelties of the Season, and lii-t of over 150 Varieties Choice Fern Spores. MAY BE HAD ON APPLICATION. Any of our Customers not having received one by post will oblige by letting ua know, when another shall ac once be posted. WATKINS & SIMPSON, BULB AND SEED MERCHANTS, EXETEK ST., STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Seed & Trial Grounds— Feltham & Twickenham, Middlesex. SELECT VEGETABLES, CHOICE FLOWERS. PICKED SEED POTATOS. Garden Tools, Sundries, dc, &c. Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post. Illustrated Doscrlptlve Catalogue Ho. 419 DICKSONS «„^t.^f„= Chester. Jancaet 23, 1893.] TEE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 93 PAULS', WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best Roses. PAULS', WALTHAM CROSS, For the Ee»t See.ls an.! Bulbs. PAULS', WALTHAM CROSS, Fur the Be.Ht Fruit Trees ari-l (Iraf.e Viuk.. PAULS', WALTHAM CROSS, For tlie Best EverRreeDS. Park and Koadsi.le Tr.es. PAULS', WALTHAM CROSS, For the Rest Camellias, Azaleas, Lapagerias, &c. PAULS', WALTHAM CROSS, South Entrance (our minutes' walk from Waltham CrOM Station, Great Ea-steru Ilailway. West Entranee three minutes' walk from Theobald's Grove Station. Great Eastern Railway. Inspection Invited. Prices Strictly moderate. Priced Catalogues Free. Goodt packed by experieneed hands for all parts of the world. Gardeners of character and experience recommended. Observe the Christian name- . PAUL & SON, Rose Growers by Appointment to Her Majesty the ftueen, TREE, PLANT, BULB and SEED MERCHANTS, WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS. LITTLE & BALLANTYNE IIY .M'MiIN'TMKNT Nurservmen, jftk *^ ^^ '^^'^ Prircii of Beed»me;,, ni J W*'^?^'>X.i «•''"" »"'' " »' Wood Forest. Ff 7 pjl "..'(>•« *^ Ct.iTniss.oncrs H.M. Tl... lJu^^^i$i^\''> """I" <"•' en, H R.II. «i}^2dSSfltaJogu*< Oratia 4 Poit Fp««. Dig SPKCIAL CrLTlRE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A LARGE AND SELECT STOCK IS NOW OFFERED FOR SALE. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits, post-free, Zd. The Desoriptive Catalogue of Roses, post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NI'R.SK,KIES, SAWinilDGEWOUTII, HERTS. For PLEASURE and PROFIT. FRUIT. See CATALOQUK for .Sim ROSES. Nothing 80 Profitable and Easy to Grow. 74 ACRES IN STOCK. Hundreds of Thousands. BUSHES, Packing and Carriage Prtt 88. per dozen, 60s. per 100. for Cash wtt/i Order. ROSES in Pots, from 16b. per dozen. ORNAMENTAL TREES, 81 ACRES. 4 ACRES of GLASS. CLEMATIS (80,000), from 15*. per dozen. N.B.— Single Plants are sold at sliglitly increased prices. SEEDS &BULBS!''^'l^f/AR^r'" LEUCKIVTIVE LISTS, FREE. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. London County Council, TO BUILDERS AND CONTR.ACTORS. RENDERS are invited for the ERECTION of J- aCHRYSANTHEMUM-HOrSE at FINSIUIRY PARK. Persons desirous of submitting tenders may obtain a copy of the form of contract, specification, form of tender, in- structions for tendering, and drawings, on personal application at the office of the Architect of the (.ouncil at the County Hall, Spring Gardens, S.W. The contractor will be bound by the contract to pay to all workmen employed by him the rates of w.iges and to observe the hours of labour recognised at the date ol the ten.^er as fair by the several Trades Un ons of the oistiict in which the work is to be done, and such rates of wipes and hours of labour will be inserted in and form p .rt of the contract by way of schedule. The tenders, which must be on the form supplied by the Council, are to be addresses to " The Clerk of the Council," and endorsed " Tender for Chrysanthemum house. Finsbury Park. "and mustbedelivered at this Office before 10 o'clock, a.m., on February 28, 1893, and no tender will be received after that hour. Any tender which is not in accordance with the instructions for tendering will be rejected. The Council does not bind itself to accept the lowest or any tender. Spri City and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. TO NirRSEKY.VlEN. &c. ''FENDERS are required for Supplying, Plant- X ing, and Mairtaioiug TREES and SHRUbS on the Town Moor, in Four Sections. Specifications, Form of Tender, and all other informatiOT can now bs obtained at the City EiiRineer's Offices, Town Hall, Newcastle. Sealed Tenders, addressed to the CITY ENGINEER, and endorsed '■ Tender for Tree Planting." to be lelt at his Offices, on or before Thursdiy. February 2, iS93. The lowest or any Tender not necessarily accepted. ■" I>OSES FROM DEVONSHIRE. l\ Finest Bush Hybrid Perpetuals, 6s. per do/.. (^ Strong and Finest Bush Teas, 10s per dozen. ( well root«l. Sellers' selection, strongest plants. Carriage and postage free. Cash w ith order. ROSE CATALOGUE FREE on application. Buyer's selection at Cataloixue prices. CURTIS. SANFOKll am. i ii,, Devon Rosery, Torquay. The Best Present for a Gardener. VINES AND VINE CULTURE. T The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes ami their Culture ever published. Third Edition just out. Price fs., post free. Ss. M. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. TF YOU WANT FRUIT TREES that will X bear regularly, purchase Appl. s workeil upon our Paradi^e Stock. We have 60.000 to select from, and shall be pleased to show them to visitors. J. R. PEARSON AND SONS, Chilwell Nurseriea, Notta. Established 1782. To the Trade. NUTTING AND SO.NS have now posted their ANNUA LWHOLESALECATALOGUE of GARDEN and FLOWEK SEEDS to all their Customers. If it has not been receivisl, they will be pleased to forward a copy on application. NUTTING AND SONS, 106. Southwark Street. London, S.E. -■rOMATO PLANTS, strong and YeaTthTi 1- Sutton'a Perfection, true, length 1(5 inches. "■pOMATO PLANTS, 2s. per dozen, post-free. I Special <{uot«lions for larger quantities. GARDENER, Thundersley House, Tbundersley. Easei. I AXIOiN'S SEED NOVELTIES, 1893.— I J The c.:irliest and best New Pnas, I'otatos, and Tomatos. The best Show Beans, Onions, and Carrots, New White Artichoke. Chou de Bedford, and new Sweet Peas, all the best. Send for List. THO.'VIAS LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford. BOX'S REGONIA SEED.— For germination ond quality of flowers superior to all others. Half packets, single mi«ed, 6d. ; larger packets. Is. and 2s. 6rf. ; double mixed, half packets. 10a! ; larger packets. Is. 6(/. and 2!. M. Sow now. Ask for PRICE LIST of Tubers, and Pamphlet on Culture. JOHN R. BO.K. Seedsman and Begonia Grower, Croydon. THE COMING APPLE. COOLING'S BEAUTY OF BATH. TlIK KAhLIi.-ST. BEST-rLAVOURF-I>. AND HavDSIIMKST DEiSERT APPLE YET INTBODICKD. Will IlK Invaluable for Market orowinu. GEO. COOLING & SONS Keg to lifter a few full-si/ed Py ramid ai»l Dwarf-trainei T.ees, whuli will co tne nto beari ig at once This mrielj does esijccmlly well a an espalier, o ragai 1st a wall. Each. Dozen PYRAMIDS, strong 3/- Ml- DWARF TKAI.NEU, for walls or e.'.pali ;r9. extra lino 8/- 5.V- STANDARDS, straight cU an stems m 37/S TWO-YEAR OLD Tr ies . 2/- 21/- MAIDEN Trees ... 1/8 15/- A large stock of all leudinK % arieti s of APPLF J, PEAKS, and PLUMS still on hand. Descriptive fRUIT TREE LIST, post-free. GEO. COOLING & SONS, THE NURSERIES, BATH. 94 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januaet 28, 1893. RICHARDSON'S HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, Conservatories, Greenhouses, Vineries, Peach Houses, Stove and Orchid ^>*s. Houses, &c. Also ■* ^ ^\ Boilers, Pipe-, " * / \^ and all ■'^'i^ OI^ Fittings Awarde.i the only Gold Medal for HortiiMiltural Building* International Horticultural Exhibition, London. W. BICHAK.DSON & CO., DARLINGTON. GARDEN REQUISITES.— sticks, Labels, Virgin CJotk, KafBa, Mats, Bamboo Canes. Rustic Work. Manures, Ac. Cheapest Prices of — WAT.SON AND SCULL. 90, Lower Thames Street. London.K.O. HORTICDLTDRAL BUILDER. Every description of GREENHOUSES, LIGHTS, &C. PIT LIGHTS. CUCUMBER HOUSES. Best quality and workmanship, 2 inches thick. 6 ft. by 4 ft., iron bar across, and very strong, \s. Gd. each, 50s. doz., £10 for 50 lights, free on rail in London. Cash or reference with order. Timber sufiicient to build 100 feet by 12 feet house. Roof Ventilators. Door, &c. Put on rail in London. Price, £9 lOs. Send for detailed ppecilication, to W. DUNCAN TUCKER, HORTICULTURAL WORKS, TOnENHAM. Send for Illustrated Catalogue, just issued. SSlEy^famousGARDENPom M :BulvveiJ;;pQtl:eries, N "^^ ? so largely supplied » ■ith Messrs. Dlclisons, Limited, Chester, write:— "The Flower Pots you ha and well niaile. iiinl in cvi-ry re ar Erfurt, the Gardening Town of Germany. In ordering from HEINK.MANN'S CATALOGUE, his Seed Stores are placed at the very door of customers thousands of miles away, who can obtain their sui>- GLOXINIA IIYBRIDA CRASSIFOLIA ERECTA l^Z'!,ul^lZ\t''''' "''''''''''''''" '''''''' (BrightBed, margined with White— K.MPKROB FRKtiKRlCK). HEINEMANNS SEEDS will arrive in Great Britain in a day or tno after receipt of order, and are offered and sent Packai.e and Postaqe Fkek. Direct Correspondence. No Agents. (Dark Violet, margined with white). Per Packet, 6d. each. F. C. HEINEMANN, seed grower, By Special Euyal Warrant .Sod'ntan to H.M. the King of ]'ni.^-r>llini; varieties, eclipsini; those of older date, are added to it." — The Garden, Julie 5. ^■'I'lil saved from the magnificent collection thrown at our ( 'helsea Nursery, embracing all the choicest, most ljrilliaiit,and varied colouni. Finest Mixed Colours, per Packet, 2s. 6d. BRIGHT SCARLET and CRIMSON, Saved from our splendid collection of high-coloured sorts. Per Packet, 2a. 6d. t^}r For full degcriptinmi of the ahove, and other CHOICE FLO IV E It SEEDS, Koe SEED CATALOGUE for Isici, /or- iranlnl Gratis and Post Free on apjiliiiitiun. JAMES VEiTCfr& SONS KilVAL KXOTK" NURSERY, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. THE SATURDAY, JANUARY 'l^, 1893. NOISETTE EOSES. m)MEWIIERE in the early part of the ^-^ century, about probably the year 1815, 181!(:-^ when Europe began to breathe after the struggles of the Napoleonic wars, one Phillippe Noisette, a Frenchman, settled in America, sent home to his brother, Louis, a nurseryman at Paris, a seedling Hose, which created an immense /u/-o;-e at that time. It was a cross between the old Musk Rose and the common China, and ri'iuarkable for its peculiar fragrance and the unusual character of its growth, which caused it to attract a good deal of atten- tion. Since that period a number of varieties have been added, differing very widely from one another, and apparently the result of the intermixture of Teas and other Roses, either by natural or artificial hybridisation. These have so confused the class, that it is now some- what dillicult to separate some of the Teas from the Noisettes ; the departure from the original type is seen in various ways, but especially in their losing the character of blooming in large clusters, while retaining their long straggling habit of growth. The (iloire de IJijon is generally classed as a Tea, but [ contend that it is a Noisette, which seems to me to be sulliciently indicated by its long, loose habit of growth. Some growers have indeed, and 1 think wisely, put it and its progeny into a distinct class, under the name of Dijon 'leas; but T should feel rather inclined to call them llijon Noisettes. There is again another departure where the floriferous character is maintained, but with a most evident touch of Tea blood in the flowers, such as in that universal favourite, William Allen Richardson, and in l.'Jdiale. Rut perhaps the most remarkable departure has been in the case of that magni- iic(!nt Rose, Marechal Niel ; of the parentage of this grand flower nothing is known, in its foliage it bears evident marks of its Tea origin, which IS also evidenced by the fragrance of the blooms, which are generally single and never in clusters, like the earlier Noisettes. The presumption that it is a seedling of Chroniatella, or, as we know it, Cloth of Gold, in one of its points is even strong ; for in the vigour of its shoots and their great length, it is unmistakably a Noisette. 'I'be character of growth belonging to this division makes them suitable for the covering of walls, houses, iS:o. There is one defect which may, however, be remedied— they grow so very long that the bottom of the shoots seem bare, and present an ugly aspect. I have aucce.ssfully used the Clematis to hide this, planting it at the 98 TEE GAB.de NEBS' CHBONICLE. [Jandaev 28, 1893. foot of the plant, and allowing it to fill in the bare space. I have also used Exogonium purga (the Jalap plant) for this purpose, and, indeed, any bushy deciduous plant will do equally well. The culture of this section, more especially that which may be called the Tea-scented Noi- sette section, differs very little, except in the situation, from the Teas ; that situation should be either against a wall or fence, or, in the South of England, a pillar, for they make very good pillar Roses. A hole should be dug about 18 inches deep, and in the bottom of this some decayed manure (not too much) should be placed; the hole should then be half filled with turfy- loam, and on this the Rose should be planted, so as to avoid the contact of the young roots when they begin to grow, with the manure, which is apt to rot them, and destroy their vitality. If the plant is against the side of a house or fence, the stem should be nailed to it ; if for a pillar, the shoots should be gathered together, and tied ; and it the weather is severe, a little bracken should be placed among them. In the spring the shoots should be loosened, and the bracken taken away ; in the autumn it is well to put a little loose litter on the base of the plant, so as to protect it from frost • sometimes, in a cold situation, shelter is given to them, but they will, when well established, stand a good deal of cold. In treating of the best varieties of Noisettes, I shall only mention those of a rampant habit. Some people talk of climbing Roses, but, in truth, there is no such thing, for no Rose has tendrils by which to lay hold of anything. Therefore, I shall say nothing of such kinds as ■ Fellenberg. Celine Forestier. — This is a charming Rose of a rich sulphur-yellow, and retaining the old habit of the Noisette, viz., that of blooming in clusters. This is one of those Roses which, by a happy chanoe, was rescued from oblivion. Little was known about it, and, as multitudes of Roses were coming over each year from France, it might well be overlooked ; but the late Mr. John Standish paid a visit to Angers many years ago, in which I accompanied him, and there Travillard, Andre Leroy's foreman, brought him to see this Rose. He was much taken with it, and became its purchaser, and it has been since then very generally grown. It is not an exhibition Rose, but as a pillar or garden Rose, it is very useful. Cloth of Gold. — Unhappily, as a rule, this grand flower does not succeed out-of-doors. There are exceptions. There was one when I came here, about twenty-five years ago, on a house situated in a warm sheltered spot facing the south-west on a sandy soil, and here it was covered with its grand flowers, some 200 blooms hung on it, although not so deep in its yellow as Marechal Niel. It has a grand petal, and its footstalk is so slout that it stands upright, unlike the Marechal, which hangs its head. There are some favoured spots where it will grow, but it is unsuited for general cultivation out-of-doors. In warm dimates, in the Channel Islands, and the South of Europe, and the Azores, it climbs high trees, and its beautiful blossoms show up above the foliage; but, as I have said, here it is only rarely that it does well. I planted it on my house many years ago, but after two or three years it succumbed to a severe winter, and I have never tried it again. VldeaU. — A very delightful Rose of recent introduction. It is a gem for button-holes, and the colour is an exquisite combination of yellow and red. Marechal Niel, the grandest of all Noisettes, and with perhaps the exception of Niphetos, there are more blooms sold of it than of any other Rose in cultivation. I have often told the story of my seeing it in Paris before anything was known of it here, and of my predicting a great future for it, and surely it has had a grand success, and yet withal, as an out-of-doors Rose, its merits are not of the first character. The outside petals are apt to get damaged by the weather, and then, as the footstalk is weak, it lays down, and the bush looks as if half covered with withered Roses. The proper place to see it, is trained on the rafters of a house, where its golden goblets hang down, and are seen in per- fection. I have seen trees on such an aspect with hundreds of blooms suspended from them. Jieve d'Or is one of the very best of the Tea- scented Noisettes. I have had a magnificent plant of it on the east side of my house for a number of years, and have had thousands of blooms on it, a perfect picture, because unlike the true Noisettes, it has no bare shoots, but more like Marechal Niel, is clothed down to the ground; the foliage is nearly evergreen, the colour a rich orange-yellow. My plant was killed to the ground many years ago, and I had almost made up my mind to dig it up; it, however, shot forth, and bids fair to recover its lost ground. I know of no better Rose for rapidly covering a large space. William Allen Richardson, or as it is more familiarly called " William Allen,'' is too well known to require description or recommendation; every one who has a garden knows what a favourite it is, especially with ladies, its bright orange blooms being used for decorative pur- poses of all kinds, and is a universal favourite. It is very vigorous in growth, and a friend has a stout walking - stick made not from a main stem, but from one of the side shoots. It is somewhat like Madame Faloot in colour. Solfaterre, a large rambling variety of deep yellow colour ; the flowers are somewhat loose and thin, opening quickly in sunlight. These are about, I think, the most desirable of the Noisettes, and it will be seen that they vary very much in character ; in fact, it be- comes difficult to mark the line between Tea and Tea-scented Noisette ; and I think, like a good many other things, as, for instance, show and fancy Dahlias, it is a state of things which it will be impossible to alter. It would hardly be well to write of Noisette Roses without alluding to the Gloire de Dijon seedlings, which by some growers are now cata- logued as Dijon Teas, for, as I have already said, they have much more affinity to the Noisettes than the Teas ; their long straggling habit, and the fact that although they give some second flowers, they are nothing like so floriferous as the Teas, justify this statement. It is impossible to say what their origin is. The type came up as a chance seedling in the garden of Jacotdl at Dijon, and has established itself as one of the most popular, if not the most popular, of Roses. Unlike Marechal Niel, it will flourish anywhere, in cold as well as warm situations, and in almost any kind of soil. Very many seedlings have been raised from it, and few excel it in beauty of colour, though some are superior in point of form, for Gloire is rather confused in the centre, and is seldom seen in an exhibition stand. Belle Lyonnaise, a very vigorous and beautiful Rose, has a bad habit of quartering, but can hardly be dispensed with. It is a very constant bloomer. Bouquet d'Or, perhaps the very best of all the progeny of Gloire de Dijon ; very vigorous, not over rampant, forming a good bush, and on a wall most useful. The form also is good, and altogether a most desirable Rose. I do not as yet see much in the Hungarian Roses of this type. Kaiser and Kaiserin Friedrich, . as I could rarely get them to open. Henrietta de Beauvois and Emilie Dupuy are good, and so are Madame Berard and Madame Trifle, but too near the type to be very much desired. All those that I have mentioned have made good pillar Roses, and as they occupy a good space on a wall or house^it is not everyone who can give that to them, and so they become useful for pillars or arches. The milder weather which has succeeded that sharp nip of frost we had, makes it quite possible to plant them with advantage ; and it must be always borne in mind that Roses of these varieties require no pruning — in the strict sense of the word. Breast wood and weakly wood should be cat out, and the tips occasionally slightly shortened, but that is all ; in fact, the less of the knife they have the better. Wild Rose. New or Noteworthy Plants. AliUM PALiESTINUM. We owe to the kindness of Mr. Ware, of Hale Nurseries, Tottenham, the opportunity of figuring this handsome Arum. It is fully described in Boissier'a Flora Orientalis, v., p. 37 (1881), as well as in the Botatiical Magazine, t. 5509 ; and this circum- stance, together with the illustration given at p. 101, fig. 17, renders it unnecessary to repeat the technical details. The plant, it will be seen, is in general habit much like our common Arum, but the spathe is more lanceolate in outline, and in colour of the richest maroon-pnrple, looking like velvet, whilst the naked end of the slender spadix is sooty-black. The plant ia thus very handsome in appearance, and destitute of the odour which ia so extremely objec- tionable in some of its allies. The specimen figured ia exceptional, in the presence of a double spathe. Every year we receive several similar forms in the case of the Ivichardia a;thiopica, the Arum Lily of the markets, so called, probably because there is not very much more attinity between a Lily and an Arum than there is between a cuckoo and a cock- chafer. It would obviously be desirable to " fix " the peculiarity above alluded to, and no doubt it might readily te done. L.iiLiA nvBRiDA NoKMANNi, Kranzlin. This new hybrid was obtained by crossing Lalia pumila var. marginata (seed plant), and Cattleya Dowiana (pollen plant). The differences between La;lio-Cattleya logrami and this new hybrid are, of course, only slight, but we may observe that the petals are more rhombic instead of ovate aa in L.-C. Ingrami, and that the middle lobe of the lip is flatter and more plaited than in this variety. The colour of the sepals is a very tender rosy-purple, whilst the petals are somewhat darker. The lip is pale purple in the middle, with a very broad, purplish- mauve margin on the side lobes, an anterior or middle lobe of the same colour. The whole discus or middle part of the lip is beautifully veined. The column is white, and has the three little teeth peculiar to L. pumila. Aa there are eight poUen- masaea (four greater and four smaller ones), the plant ia (botanically speaking) a true Li«lia; also the bulbs and leaves are more in the way of a La;lia than Cattleya-like. The plant is a very valuable addition to our stock of ornamental hybrids, and was raised by Norman C. Cookson, Ksq., Wylam-on-Tyne, whose fresh materiala are to hand. Loelio-Cattleya Ingrami waa raised between Ltelia pumila Dayana and Cattleya aurea, and Mr. Cookson's hybrid has been raised between a fine variety of L.TjIia pumila margiuata and Cattleya aurea. There ia a conapicuous absence of the lines in the throat in the hybrid of Mr. Cookaon. Dr. Krdndin, Jaitoaby -Zi, 1893.J TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 99 VERBENAS FEOM SEED. Verbenas are beaatifal subjects for summer bedding, but unfortunately of late years, these, like many other old florists' flowers, have contracted a disease which has been so desttuctive as to prac- tically expel them from many gardens. This disease is much more prevalent among plants raised from cuttings taken off of plants kept through the winter. The cuttings are also very liable to damp oS', and seldom form such strong and healthy growing plants as seedlings. Fortunately these may be treated as half-hardy annuals, and are particularly easy to raise. As the plants will grow well in any fairly good soil, and possess a grand variety of colour, there is no reason why they should not be as popular as they were a few years ago. The only drawback in seedlings is, that you must necessarily wait nntil the plants have produced a flower before you can decide upon their colours. For my own part, I much prefer to see a mixed bed obtained from a good and carefully- selected strain. The seed is fairly cheap, and a small packet will produce a large number of plants. Given a warm frame or ordinary greenhouse, and dozens of these may be raised as readily as Stocks and Asters. I have found the following plan excellent and sure ; — Sow the seed in a box some 3 or 4 inches deep, tilled to within an inch and a half of the top with leaf-soil, loam, and sand. Let this compost be sifted, and the rougher portions placed in the bottom of the box, finishing off the surface with a finer mixture, and making all fairly firm. Now thoroughly saturate it, and sow the seeds thinly, covering them over very slightly, and keeping them close and dark with a shaded square of glass. Stand the box in a warm corner of the green- house, or in a mild Cucumber or Melon frame. As soon as the seeds have germinated, light and air should be gradually admitted, and the plants be raised close to the glass in a frame, or placed on a shelf if in the greenhouse. When the seedlings are some 2 inches high, they may be either pricked ofT into other boxes, or potted up singly, using a pot of 2} to 'A inches in diameter ; or they may be allowed to get a little larger and then have their points pinched out, planting them out in the soil of a spent hot-bed as soon as fresh growths start. Under either treat- ment they should have their tips pinched out a couple of times before making much progress. This will ensure bushy and stocky plants for bedding out by the end of May or early in .June ; I prefer the latter date. If well-watered previous to lifting from the frame, they will be movable with a good ball of soil attached, and will not flag much from the shift to the flower borders. Few subjects pay better for generous treatment than the Verbena, and they will rapidly cover a large space of ground, and remain in bloom until frost cuts them down. If you can dig in a fair amount of well-decayed manure, such as the remains of an old hot-bed, the plants are certain .to thrive luxuriantly, and prove one of the most satisfactory of all bedding subjects, especially when the cost is taken into consideration. Verbenas may also be raised in a cold frame, or on a warm outside border ; but this does not conduce to such forward plants, and they do not come to per- fection nntil late in the autumn. April is soon enough to sow them in the cold frame or open border; but if sown in heat during March, you can be certain of securing plants that will commence blooming early in the season, and remain gay all the summer and autumn. A. I', ROUND MANCHESTER. (Continutd/rom vol. zii.,p. 7SIJ.) Stand Hall, Wiiitbfibld. — The property of T. Statter, Esq., occupies a fine situation on high ground, and commands a beautiful and varied pros- pect of the surrounding country. From the terrace of its pretty and well-kept gardens, some thirty churches can be counted, and it was the fine position doubtless which caused the old Stand Hall, which dated from the Middle Ages, to be placed there ; and a fine edifice no doubt it was, for its ruins, and their foundation, had to be blasted to clear the site for building the present solid and comfortable struc- ture. One curious feature of the olden time still remains, and is an object of great interest to archa;- ologists, and that is the chapel with its beautifully- carved roof and other appurtenances of a sacred edifice, but which so far back as can be traced has been used as a cow-house, and a cow-house it still remains, for the present proprietor has it occupied by as many of his .500 head of horned cattle as it will accommodate. The gardens are well kept ; the Vines in the various vineries are in a fine bearing condition, the various greenhouse and stove-plants and Palms all that could be desired, but during the time of the late Thomas Statter, Esq., a taste for Orchids was added to his other hobbies of pictures, horses, and old china; and so well did the ( Irchids thrive under the care of Mr. Robert Johnson, the gardener then, as now, that when, at the death of their owner, they were sold otf, their fame secured a large attendance and spirited competition for the good things offered. But the fame of Stand Hall for a collection of Orchids was not to be allowed to depart in that manner, and as soon as convenient the present pro- prietor laid the foundation of another collection, by which the former one seems in a fair way of being fclipsed, if we may judge by the numerous fine things which have been shown at the meetings of the Uoyal Horticultural Society, and by what we saw on the recent occasion, when we were accompanied round the gardens by their owner and his clever and indus- trious gardener. Kare and showy hybrid Orchids are eagerly taken up at Stand Hall, and among the specimens we mooted a very large plant of Lxlio- Cattleya Amesiana X, with several flowering growths ; a fine plant of L. C. Arnoldiana x ; L. c. exoniensisx, several L. c. eximiaX, L. c. Canhamianax, L. c. Pallas x, L. c. Bella X, L. c. Nysax, Cattleya Ilarrisix.C. Minuciax, C. Par- theniaX, and many other fine hybrids; while among those not yet flowered are some promising plants obtained from seeds, Lielia crispax, L. pumila pr;c- 8tan8,which8houldbegood. Various formsofCaltleya aurea and C. Warscewiczi are well represented, two of the very finest being C. Statteriana which much resembles a white-petalled C. lUrdyana and C. aurea Statteriana, which is one of the richest yellow- flowered Cattleyas, being entirely yellow-coloured except for some rich crimson rays on the lip. Forms of La;lia elegans Turneri are likewise favourites here, and some of the best of these have been added to the collection, of which the handsomest and most distinct is L. e. excellens, a flower with pure white side lobes, and labellum base. Kare varietius of Dendrobium nobile are much valued here; and, in addition to the beautiful I), n. Cooksoni, I), n. virginalis, I), n. Hardy's var., 1). n. Sanderiana, and D. n. nobilius, there is said to be a yellow-flowered D. nobile in the collection, which will make a great stir in the ( )rchid world when it gets strong. The growths wliich these Dendrobes have made are remarkable for size ; those, for example, on I), n. nobilius bfing over .'! feet in height, and so also proportionately with other rare varieties we noted, viz., 1). Wardianum album, I). Bensonioe album, D. crassinode album, I). Venus X, &c., all were grown to perfection. Among the Cypripediums which were encountered in company with many other fine forms, were Cvpri- pedium SaundersianuniX, which used until recently to be valued at a fabulous price; C. Swinburnei X, C. insigne Sander.-c, and a new form of the C. i. Chantini section — a very fine thing; C. Leeanum superbum X, C. L. giganteum X, C. Aylingii X, C. Niobe X, C. Englehardti X, C. Stonei Cannicrti, besides some rare unflowered hybrids. In other houses the Liulia ancepa varieties, \j. autumnalis, L. Gouldiana, were flowering grandly, one of the richly-coloured \j. anceps Morada, of the Liverpool Horticultural Co., having eleven spikes; Cattleya Victoria Regince, or the beautiful form of C. Leopoldi, imported with it, was about to flower ; C. Alexandra; and other species were in bud ; Ly- caste Skinneri alba had fourteen flowers, and L. S. xanthoglossa was fine; and Odontoglossums, &c., were all in fine condition. ( To be continued.) LIME IN THE GARDEN. The present time of the year, together with early spring, being suitable for the application of lime, it may not be out of place to consider briefly what are its manurial properties, what classes of soils are most likely to be benefited by its addition, and in what form it can be most advantageously used. This is the more desirable, as the usefulness of compounds of calcium seems somewhat liable to be overlooked or under-rated. It is well to remember, in the first place, that the function of lime in the soil is two-fold — it is a direct plant-food, and it also possesses a remarkable power of rendering other inert matter suitable for the nourishment of plants. Besides this, it is capable of making considerable modifications in the physical condition of soils — a matter quite as important to the cultivator as its chemical composition. Lime as a Plant Food. It is scarcely necessary to point out here the fact that calcium is one of the elementary bodies that are absolutely necessary for the complete growth of plants ; but it is not always borne in mind that some garden crops remove comparatively large quantities of this substance ; and that, moreover, lime is a body which, to adopt the common phrase, " sinks " in the ground, thus rendering its applica- tion from time to time advisable. That leguminous crops, such as Peas and Beans, need large ([uantities is fully recognised, as is indicated by their popular description as " lime " jilants. But there are many vegetables, which from their marked preference for manures containing other elements, are rather liable to be starved in the matter of lime, although the latter may be no less necessary for their full development. Turnips, for instance, need much phosphoric acid and potash, but analysis of their ash shows about 40 per cent, of lime (13 021 per cent, in the roots, and 35 0') per cent, in the leaves*). Potatos, again, show only 3 per cent, of lime in the ashes of their tubers, but their haulms contains about 17 per cent. ; and it is upon the leaves, be it remembered, that the tubers have to depend for their supply of starch. Many other instances might be given of the importance of lime as a minor constituent. It was stated above that lime sinks in the ground. The explanation of this is very simple. Kain-water holds in solution carbonic acid gas, which it has absorbed from the air, and thus charged, it has the power of dissolving the carbonate of calcium in the soil, and carrying it awaj off the surface and through the drains or porous subsoil. More- over, the carbonic acid formed in the soil by the decomposition of organic matter dissolves the carbonate of calcium, which is carried away by drainage water. The nitrates and chlorides of calcium are likewise readily diffusible, and easily lost. It may be noted in passing that the alkaline base soda suffers from this washing-out process in common with lime, while moat fertile soils are strongly retentive of ammonium and potash. Hence the reason why lime must be added in larger quan- tities, and more frequently, than a calculation of the actual amount removed by any given crops would seem to warrant. What Soils ahe Most Likelv to ue Impuoved BY Lime? Briefly, all deficient in calcareous matter, stilT clays, and sour peaty soils are particularly responsive to its application. Stiff clays are lightened and rendered warmer and more friable, ♦ From Dr. A. B. Oriflith's Analyses in the Journal of tin Chemical Society, 1883—87. 100 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jasuabt 28, 1893. and the eoluble plant foods are increased by quicklime ; whilst, on the other hand, the retentive power of light sandy soils is increased by the addition of slaked lime (calcium hydrate), chalk (carbonate of calcium), or marl. On soils containing a large amount of peat, quick or slaked lime, is of great value, counteracting the " sourness due to excess of organic acids, and assisting the decomposition of woody Sbre, &c. There is another case in which lime may be applied with very marked results, namely, to old garden ground which has year after year received heavy dressings of farmyard manure, and which have become sour and profitless. Mr. J.Wright, in a paper read before the Royal Horti- cultural Society in 1889, described a striking but by no means uncommon instance of this. When he took possession of the garden in question, he found it like a mass of humus, nothing would grow satis- factorily, the soil being " poisoned with humic acid." He gave it a good dose of lime (a bushel per rod), together with potash and bone-meal. " The effect," says Mr. Wright, " was magical, and the crops of Potatos and Peas, where they would not grow before, were remarkable." The late Mr. Shirley Hib- berd.on the conclusion of the above paper, remarked on the too frequent neglect of lime as a corrective of acidity; and Mr. G. Wythes— than whom, per- haps, no one knows better how old garden soils should be treated — expressed himself in favour of lime, soot, and wood-ashes, where organic manures alone had been given for a long series of years. The Varioos Poems op Lime. Ae a general rule as indicated above, quiek-lime ( pnt on in its caustic condition, or slaked by adding water, or by leaving it exposed to the atmosphere for a time), is preferable for heavy soils, and may be applied at the rate of from 2 to 9 tons per acre. It should never be applied with manures containing ammonia, the latter being liable to be driven off thereby. Chalk is suitable for light sandy toils, and can be Kiren in about twice as heavy dressings as caustic lime. Marls, being variable mixtures of carbonate of lime and clay, are suited to light land, the dressing being regulated by the proportion of lime contained. Gypsum, or sulphate of calcium can be used with ordinary manure, as it is a '' fixer " of ammonia. Gas Lime is simply slaked lime which has been used in the purification of coal-gas. It contains, when fresh from the works, calcium sulphide and sulphite, and these substances are injurious to plants. After exposure to air, however, they are oxidised and form sulphate of lime (gypsum), and consequently become innocuous. Gas-lime is useful for mixing in the " rot-heap," hastening the decomposition of leaves, weeds, &c. It should be remembered that bones, bone-meal, dissolved bones, and superphosphate all contain more or less calcium ; therefore, liming is not so necessary where any of these are applied in quantity. C. W. Herbert Greaves, Marlborough Lodge, Bourne- rtuiuth West, The Rosery. ROSES AND THE FROST. To-day (January 19) I have been looking over my Roses, and forming an opinion of the harm done by the recent severe weather. I am gratified to find that they are coming through the ordeal so well. Early in the month we liad some very low readings of the thermometer, and these were often accompanied by a keen north and north-east wind. Several morn- ings we have had over 20° of frost, and as this was accompanied by sudden changes and slight thaws, only to freeze again at night, I am rather surprised to find my plants show small effects of the frosts. For some time there has been a considerable amount of ice around the base of many plants ; and, in the case of budded dwarf stocks, where the soil was partly removed to get the bud closer to the crown of the stock, the bud itself has been encased in ice for fully a week. Notwithstanding this.l find the buds are looking well, and have every appearance of being uninjured. At the time of writing, a steady thaw has set in, and upon cutting some of the wood with a knife, 1 find the pith is sound, and of good colour. The three varieties most affected are Catherine Mermet, Climbing Niphetos, and Souvenir d'Elise Vardon. Comtesse de Nadaillac, generally considered a tender Rose, has come out as well as the others. I find this Rose as hardy as any, and doubtless its character for tenderness is derived a great deal from its steady and comparatively weak growth. In an open field, facing due north, my standards are pinched rather; but on the south side of the same hill they are looking as well as the dwarfs. At a .uture date, when the frost is quite gone, I will report upon how the buds that have been encased in ice turn out. From their present appearance, I have little fear of them. P. EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. By the word environment, I mean more than what is generally included in the terms soil and climate. These, it is true, are among the more potent factors in determining the measure and quality of pro- duction. Only the veriest tyro in the secrets of cultivation can affect to underrate their superlative importance. The soil dominates root conditions and supplies ; the air determines the measure, and moulds the quality of plant products. From neither does there seem any escape. And yet outside of both soil and climate, as generally understood, innu- merable minutiiB go to constitute local environment. Among the latter, perhaps altitude, or the height and form of surface-ratio of water to land ; of grass land or plantations compared to arable ; the proximity or otherwise of troughs, of valleys, mountains, lakes, rivers, seas ; varied character and depths of subsoils and surface tilths, measure of water supply and its normal condition, whether at rest or in perpetual motion. Such, and probably other and even smaller local environments often determine the most vital issues of success or failure in horticultural production. In this great art, nothing is really of little moment, and the usual terms of small and great get mixed, and are apt to prove very misleading. And the worst of it is, the most lynx-eyed cultivators are apt to prove somewhat blind in littles. Take, for example, the choice of a site for a fruit garden or orchard. The soil is tested with the utmost care. No pains nor cost is spared in its cultivation and enrichment; no skill nor experience is spared in the selection, planting, culture, and training of the choicest varieties. Similar trees in the district also do well ; the new planters have only to tread in the footsteps of the old, and all will be well, for is not old John Hortns retiring with a fortune, only about five hundred yards off, and a little higher up the hill ? Yes, this is quite true ; and as like will produce like, as a rule, even in horticulture, all that is needful to reap fame and fortune is to keep close to John Hortus' example. And that is the loyal intention of his successors and imitators ; and they have, in all the big matters of the choice and planting of the new fruit garden or orchard, trodden in his footsteps. But they failed in that which seemed least — but really was the greatest — condition in commanding success. The new fruit garden was about one hundred feet lower down the rolling ground that seemed made for growing fruit, than the old one. Hence, it was under, not above the fog line. Only practical cultivators of wide expe- rience know all the misfortune involved in trying to grow valuable fruit under the fog line of any district. It is like attempting to cross the Atlantic in a craft flooded to its bulwarks. It may be done once and again, as a happy accident ; but, oh ! the risk, the work, the worry of it! No naval nor horticul- tural skipper worthy of his salt would voluntarily pit such tremendous odds against himself. But what difference can such trifling descents in altitude make ? Why, probably a fourth of the difference here indicated would suffice to convert brilliant success into dismal failure ; for in such cases, it should never be forgotten that things are mostly worse than they seem. The fog line above- ground is often associated or linked closely together with the stagnant water-line below. Either of these often prove more than a match for the cultivator, but where the two combine their forces, the most skilful cultivators will reap only, or chiefly, failure, in the presence of such local environ- ments as a dirty wet blanket around the top, and a perpetual bath of stagnant water at the roots of trees. Proof of the existence of both are often found in the most unlikely places, and there can be no hope of permanent profit or success in fruit cul- ture until the local environments of fruit gardens and orchards are adapted to the wants, and, I should like to add, the wishes of the trees. D. T. Fish. MADEESFIELD COURT GARDENS, MAJ.VERN. So much has been written of these gardens, that probably there is nothing new to be said ; yet gar- dening is so progressive in some ways as well as conservative in others, that a few remarks npon things seen there lately may not be withoat interest to readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle. Mr. Crump is so well-known to be a thoroughly good all-round gardener, that everybody expects to find good order and good gardening at Madresfield ; and anyone paying an unexpected visit, with high expectations, will find them fully realised, and possibly, more than realised, as the writer did. Entering the kitchen-gardens from Mr. Crump's house, we turn for a moment to the right to examine a Plum-tree on a wall. It is heavily laden with gigantic fruit, deep purple in colour, and carrying a dense " bloom " — ^it is the " Nectarine " Plum. One is immediately struck with the beautiful condition of all the fruit trees — wall trees, cordons, pyramids. No gross growths, no overcrowding of shoots or branches. Each shoot and each leaf is properly nourished from quantities of fibrous roots kept in the upper and richer and warmer soil, which is kept uniformly moist by mulchings ; and each leaf and shoot receives its full share of light and air, without which all conditions, however suitable, are of little nse. The oblique cordon is becoming very popular at Madresfield, so much so, that Mr. Crump has a nice row of G joseberries about 6 feet high grown in that way, and he is making up all gaps and edgings ot quarters with fruit trees grown on that system. Pears Doyenne du Cornice, Triomphe de Vienne, Souvenir du Congri-s, Jargonelle, and BeurriS de I'Assomption are fruiting well in that way. Amongst uncommon Apples bearing heavy crops are two highly-coloured and valuable varieties, called May Qaeen and Maltster, the latter a large hand- some Apple, the former smaller but very beautiful, and of excellent keeping and eating qualities. Lord Suffield does uncommonly well, forming large, clean, healthy, and fruitful trees. Stirling Castle is also another first-class variety for fertility and quality of produce. The Peach-houses are now almost without fruit, but the trees are in excellent health, the foliage green, clean, and of good substance ; the growths strong and well-ripened. The Peach season at Madresfield commences before the end of April with Alexander, and continues until late in autumn, when immense (juantities of the splendidly high-coloured outdoor Peaches are in full swing. Grapes are well grown, as the late crop of Hamburghs amply testified. They are grown for family use, and not for exhibition purposes. The bunches were large and compact, the berries of full size and good colour. I noticed in the late vinery a few bunches of the true Kempsey Alicante ; it is distinct in form of berry, is of good colour and dense bloom, and is well January 28, 1893. THE GAJRDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 101 worth a place in vineries. The trae Gros Gaillanme also was a telling feature in size and finish. The earliest vinery had its roof off, thus exposing the foliage to a thorough cleansing on the upper surface, and also keeping the Vines unexcited, and contributing to a quiet and natural maturity and rest. There are seven vineries, two of which are planted with Madresfield Court, Black Muscat, two with Madresfield Court and Black Hamburgh mixed, one with Lady Downe's, one Muscat-house, and one of Alicante, Barbarossa, Gros Colmar, &c. There staging on each side and overhead. This is a great boon, and one that would be much valued in many gardens where Strawberries in pots are grown largely. The Rose-house is a long and spacious lean-to, filled with strong and healthy plants, growing in a raised inside border at the fron'; of the house, the varieties being the well-known and deservedly popular favourites, Nipbetoa, Madame Lambard, Madame Cusin, President, \V. A. Richardson, and Cheshunt Ilybrid ; and the back wall is covered with tously supplied to the tenants on the estates of Earl Beauchamp. This is a boon that can scarcely be over-valued, and one that is sure to bring its own reward to such a considerate landlord. This nursery is 2 acres in extent, and close by Is a trial ground of 1 acre, where upwards of 200 kinds of Apples are on trial. Mr. Crump is acquiring most valuable in- formation concerning these, and some day will, perhaps, kindly impart some of it for the benefit of the readers of the Gardeners Chronicle. " e now enter the pleasure-grounds, which cover 50 acres, where we find weedless walks, smooth velvety lawns with well-trimmed edges, banks of bright green low-kept Laurels, perfect Yew hedges, that do not present a gap or a dead branch ; artificial rockeries, a perfect semicircular arcade of Lime trees, avenues of Elms, Cedrus atlantica, and Abies nobilis glauca, each about 400 yards in length, and forming an almost exact equilateral triangle ; these and other thinge we see, and feel utterly unable to accurately describe their beauties. There is a flower-garden near to the kitchen- garden, where there are a number of long beds edged with Box, and all radiating from near the centre towards the circumference of a semicircle, thus being narrower at one end than the other, but with an average width of about oO inches inside measurement, ury feet outside. These beds are planted alternately with Tea Roses and Carnations; the perfume is delicious, and the effect most charming. Wandering to the rockery, it is dillicult to believe that man has had any hand in its arrangement and construction, so gradual and natural is the transition from prim lawns, borders, and hedges to what appears to be Nature in her bold and rugged beauty of form and arrangement. This is considered to be one of I'ulham's maslerpieces. (See fig. l*^, p. 10.').) I'aesing by the Iosaess more substance than those on plants which are started earlier in the year; and the new growths go away with more freedom as the (lays lengthen and the sun is brighter. THE COOL ODONTOGLOSSUMS.— The leaves and pseudobulbs of these species should be cleaned by sponging them with water and soft-soap ; in doing this very needful operation, the small snails which are often to be found in the axils of the leaves, and which are great devourers of the young flower-spikes, should be diligently sought for. The next worst foes are thrips. If the houses of the cool Oilontoglosiums are kept at the proper tem- perature, and the moisture of the air is what it should be, thrips will not be very troublesome. Whilst the work of plant-cleaning is in hand, the pots and stages should be cleansed, and a careful watch kept in the evening for snails at feed. About one hour after dark is the best time to look for snails. Do not fumigate this house, as so doing often causes mischief ; and any plants which require to be potted or top-dressed should get attention forthwith, Odontoglossunn delighting in fresh sweet material, which the fresh roots readily seize upon. Peat and fresh sphagnum moss of good rjuality should be made use of; and it is a good practice to put the latter into a tub of water for twenty-four hours before using it, small snails and their eggs being then destroyed. Inor- dinate watering of the plants must be carefully avoided at this season, but on mild days a slight syringing overhead should be afforded, and the stages kept in a well-damped condition. As fast as the deciduous Calanthes Veitchii, rubra, oculata, and lutea, pass out of flower, place them on a shelf in the Mexican-house, where the temperature should not be lower at night than 5.5^, here letting them remain till growth commences. C. veratrifolia and 0. Textorej, now pushing up their flower-spikes, will be benefited by being watered once a week with weak manure-water. Pleiones which were potted last November will now be able to take more water, but much should not be given as yet ; and when the new roots begin to run in the new material, encourage them in every way possible. Aerides, Angracums, and Siccolabinms requiring potting or top-dressing should be taken in hand, employing a mixture of three parts sphagnum moss and one part peat broken into small pieces, and some bits of charcoal or broken brick. In potting them, see that the plants stand in the middle of the pots, and do not injure the roots in the least in so doing; then fill the pot three parts full of clean crocks, with a layer of sphagnum moss above these, then finish off the potful with the above mixture, and encourage the sphagnum moss to grow by pretty constant syringings ; this will also help the plants to retain their leaves. The stages that the plants are stood upon should be kept moist. Cymbidium eburneum and C. Lowianum now pushing up their flower spikes, must not be allowed to suffer for lack of water or an occasional dose of weak manure-water. Introduce more plants of Dendrobiums, such as D. nobilis and its varieties; D. Wardianum, D aureum, D. crassinodes, 1). Fmdleyanum, and D. .\ins- worthii, should be put into heat, the watering being carefully gauged, as too much water afforded at the start will sometimes ruin the plants. Having a good stock of plants of Dendrobiums, it is easy to have them in flower till the end of the month of May. affording them shelter from the early morning sun after frosty nights, and the east wind, expo- sure to which encourages the early appearanne of the very injurious black aphis. Postpone the dressing of the trees till the bloom buds are beginning to move, and then dress them, which dressing will carry them through the blooming season. A dressing may 'consist of soap suds thirty gallons, to which half-a-pint of petroleum is added. This is an effectual and, in most gardens, an easily-obtained insecticide. THE HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. Bv T. Tl'RToi, GiTiUner. ifitltn Krlrgh, litadinj. PEAR WALL- BORDERS.— Assuming that all Pear trees have been pruned, tied, and dressed with some kind of insecticide if this was found to be needful, the roots should be assisted with a dressing of rich soil or half-decayed dnng, which is only applicable where the borders are reserved solely for the trees, and where such does not obtain, and the borders are cropped, the aids to growth afforded must be where the roots are, probably deep in the soil. In that case, and the subsoil being of gravel or light and unfertile, a wide trench, a good spit in depth, should be dug out where the roots are found to be, replacing this with some rich pasture loam, of a retentive nature ; but should the subsoil be clayey or a stiff loafti, a compost of light turfy loam, burnt garden refuse, old plaster, road-grit, &c., will be of benefit to the trees. Having a sufficient <(uantity of this compost, the trenching of the border may be proceeded with. When the roots reach the part of the border containing these substances, the cleaner growth and finer frnit wiK soon make the fact appa- rent. These remarks apply to trained trees on the Pear stock, from which our large supplies of fruit are mostly got. Cordons, which are mostly grown on Quince stocks, give excellent results if their roots are restricted by lifting and replanting them biennially or triennially. The borders at this place, having been well made at the first, top-dressings of rich soil only are needed, and we finish off with a thick dressing of burnt refuse, which has the effect of preventing the surface-soil becoming inert and sour by the trampling on to which it is subjected. [The trampling and consequent consolidation of the soil is very beneficial to any tree — fruit or other. En.] THE FRUIT ROOM. — In mild weather afford com- plete ventilation to sweeten the air in the room, and dispel damp ; and on wet days have the fruits ex- amined with care for decaying specimens. But little more will be necessary after this examination. At this season very few varieties of Pears are fit for table. I have had, however, a few fruits of Lange- lier's Victoria, recently given me by a friend, which in quality are equal to good (5lou Morceau. It is a Pear that is in season most years throughout the present month. ARREARS OF WORK.— All kinds of work in this department, which have been delayed by bad weather, must be completed as soon as possible, including pruning, planting, lifting young trees, border- making, &c. SWEET CHERRIES.— With all arrears brought up to date, push forward the pruning and training of Sweet Cherry trees on walls and fences. Kxcept in soils specially suited to Cherries, there may be niurh dead-wood to be cut out of the trees, which should be replaced with shnots left at the summer pruning. Sweet Cherries do not produce shoots from the old wood so freely as other fruit-trees, hence the need to reserve as many, or more, than will be needed. Do not remove fruit-spurs which, through bad management, may have become very long, but rather grub up any such trees from year to year, and replace them with young ones, which by proper summer pruning, may be kept well furnished with short spurs for many years. Where possible, give the choicer sorts of Cherries a west aspect, thus THE KITCHEN GARDEN. /?// H. C. Prin>kp, Girdintr, Bnsrted Park, Vckfield SHALLOTS.— For early use these bulbs should be planted as soon as the soil is dry enough to be worked, and it should be well manured and deeply dug as for the Onion. To secure large bulbs, select the plumpest and best-shaped seta, and plant in rows 1.5 inches apart, and the bulbs 6 inches apart in the row, and plant them sufficiently deep to prevent their being lifted out of the soil when the roots start to grow. If the bulbs are covered to the depth of an inch, this will keep them in place, and the soil may be taken from round them as soon as they have become firmly rooted. In ground devoid of lime, a sprinkling of it afforded before the bulbs are planted will help to check mildew, which in districts where lime is scarce, is a very prevalent malady. GENERAL WORK. — As soon as the frost is out of the ground, seize the first opportunity of the ground being fit to tread upon, to level and dig that which has carried the crop of Celery ; no better place being found than this in which to grow this season's Onions; and having already received a liberal dress- ing of manure, it will be in good heart. I prefer to dig such land two spits deep, after levelling it. The spades used should not be much worn, as the greater the depth which can be moved, the better for the crop. When digging, leave the surface rough, but that which is turned into the bottom of the trenches should be broken up quite fine. If there should be any unexhausted manure at the bottom of the ('elery trenches, it should be well mixed with the soil while digging it. The advantages gained by leaving the surface in a very rough state are two-fold ; in the first place, it allows the drying winds to penetrate to a considerable depth, and as a dressing of lime, soot, or other artificial manure will be given previous to forking the ground over at the time of sowing the seed, it will be readily mixed with the soil. Celery rows that were heeled over previous to the setting-in of the frost, should only be uncovered, as they are required for use, even if the weather be mild, as the air which then reaches the hearts tends to rot the plants. FORCED VEGETABLES.— Carrots and Turnips on hot-beds that are quite in the rough leaf, should bo thinned so as to prevent spindling, and with mild weather more air should be admitted on all favour- able occasions. Do not cover the lights with mats or other coverings at night, unless actually compelled by frost so to do, and then not till after dark, as this covering up during the hours of sunshine tends to spind- ling or drawing of the plants. It also checks the ingress of air through the laps of the glass. When obliged to resort to covering up, remove the mats, &c., as early in the morning as possible. PEAS in pots or in heated pits must receive great attention ; for if allowed to become dry at the roots, they will be liable to attacks of mildew. Those far enough advanced should have some slight sticks, put to them to support the haulm, and prevent it from being knocked down. If the plants are crowded, thin them, as nothing is gained by crowding forced vegetables. Those in rows 18 inches apart, should have at least a space of 3 inches between each plant in the row. SMALL SEEDS. — Such seeds as those of Brussels Sprouts, (Cauliflower, Lettuce, and Early Cab- bage that were sown on hot-beds a month ago, will be large enough for pricking out on to other hot-beds. It Is a good plan to get this done while they are in a small state, the danger of spindling or losses from damp being then much less. FRENCH BEANS. — Make a successive sowing, and if heated brick-pits are available, a sowing may be made in these, as the crops will be taken before the pits are required for Cucumbers or Melons. Thin out those sown a month ago, so that the plants have sufficient space to grow robust. If in pots, more water will be required by the plants as the days get longer, and they should be frequently syringed to keep down red-spider. 104 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januabt 28, 1893. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Letters for Publication. — All eommvnications intend'd for publication, as well at tpecimem and plants for naminfj, should be addressed to the Editor, 41, Welling ton Street. Covent Garden. London. Commumca- tiont should be written on one sibe only of the PAPER, sent as early in the week as possible, and duly signed by the writer. If desired, the signature will not be printed, but kept as a guarantee of good faith. Local News. — Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending be the Editor early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it it desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. i.XAJBT'RkTio^S.— Photographs or drawings, suitable for reprn- duction in these pages, of gardens, or of remarkable plants, fiowers, trees, fSjc., are particularly solicited. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. Advertisements sliould be sent to the PUBLISHER. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETINGS. THURSDAV, Ffh. 2— Linnean Society. /Annual Meeting of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund, the Election of FEIDAY, Fer. n-i Orphans. &c.. at Cannon Street Hotel, at. •) P.M. \ Dundee Horticultural Soc'ety. SALES. ( Kofes. Lily of the Val'ey. an \ MONDAY, .7an..-!0^ Other Plants, at Protheroe & ( Morris' Rooms. TUESDAY, .Tan. .31 i i .Taoanese : WEDNFSDAY', Feu. 1-' Tuberoses. Azaleas. Ferns. &c., at f Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. 1 Special Sale of Hardy Border Plants THURSDAY, FF.n. 2-J and Bulbs Rosea. Pa>onies. &c., ( at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. i Orchids from Messrs. F. Horsman FRIDAY, Feb. 3-| & Co., at Protheroe & Morris' ( Rooms. CORRECrED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.-SS". Germination One of the best methods of under difHcul- preserving the vitality of seeds ■ during long journeys is to pack them in charcoal, earth, or sand. Some species require a moist material in which they can germinate on the voyage, and some cannot preserve their vitality unless introduced in a germinating condition. Seeds, or rather, seed- lings, thus developed do not succeed well on their arrival if the stage of germination is far advanced, or if they are not furnished with reserve stores of nutriment, as in the perisperm or fleshy cotyledons. Seedlings in an advanced state of germination, and those which have small blanched leaves, are considered as hopeless. Such plants, says M, Cornu (the director of the Jardin des Plantes), which have germinated in darkness during the voyage invariably perish, no matter in what way they are treated. In order to overcome this difficulty, and to preserve seed- lings that have germinated in closed cases, M, CoRNU has hit upon the following method, which he describes in a recent communication to the Academy of Sciences. The seedlings, often thread-like in character, are carefully picked over, and separated from one another. Those which are bruised or otherwise injured are thrown aside, whilst the uninjured seedlings are placed on a layer of Orchid peat, formed from the breaking up of the roots of Polypody. This substance is porous, sweet, not liable to attack from fungus-moulds, and condenses the moisture of the air. The plants thus placed on the peat are covered with a bell-glass, and kept at a tem- perature of 25° to 30 C. = 77° to 85° F., and slightly shaded. So treated, the weak, blanched seedlings recover their vitality, the leaves become green, new roots are produced, and the plants become fit, after a time, to be grown in the ordinary way. Sphagnum it appears has not the same effect. M, C'oRNU gives numerous illustrations to show how valuable this simple method is in the case of seeds which have commenced to germinate during the voyage, and which otherwise would perish irrevocably. It would be interesting to see what would be the effect of packing the seeds themselves in peat as is now done in charcoal. We are not aware that this has been tried. As peat of this character might not be available on the spot, a supply might be sent out without difficulty, as the quantity required would be but small. Should the efforts now being Ifome'park"'^ put forth by various local authori- ties and members of parliament in the neighbourhood of Hampton Court be successful, and the noble Home Park be thrown open, the public will enter upon the possession of a very splendid domain, indeed, one of the finest and most delightfully-situated parks round London, Reputably the park is of ]00() acres in extent. That area must, however, be in- clusive of Hampton Court gardens, paddocks and the whole of the land that lies between the river Thames from Kingston ]5ridge to Hampton Court Bridge, and the high road from bridge to bridge. Between these channels of communication, which thus bind Middlesex to Surrey, vhe river takes a long and sweeping bend of some .3 miles in length, the Home Park boundary following the Middlesex side o" the Thames. From the palace-end there radiate in the direction of Kingston, Surbiton and Thames Ditton, three very broad noble avenues of Limes, each of four rows of trees and at the extremities these are nearly united by another long broad avenue running trans- versely. Thus, at the outset, the park is found to include very noble features. Between the double tree rows of the centre avenue runs the Longwater, recently one sheet of ice over which thousands of persons have skated in the most delightful fashion. This splendid sheet of water is about 100 yards wide, and nearly three-quarters of a mile long, if available to the public, it might prove a most attractive resort, or from a garden aspect be most de- lightfully ornamented by planting the banks with suitable vegetation. That would, of course render the enclosing of the sides needful. At present, however, the park seems to maintain only a few brood mares and foals, and cmnot in any way be profitable to the government, "Whilst it would be undesirable to make carriage roads or other than a few gravel or coal ash paths, the formation of a bold drive on the river margin from the one bridge end to the other, passing out at the palace end on to the tow-path, would be a most popular act ; indeed, the con- version of this gran4 park into a place of public resort would serve to make Hampton Court one of the most popular public gardens in the world. During hot summer weather tens of thousands of visitors to the palace have gazed longingly into the deep shidy recesses of the Lime avenues, so cool and so enjoyable, with envious desire. There are in the parks some features that would, however, need some protec- tion. There are the huge hollow trunk of the father of the park, an Oak that has probably existed 1000 years, and some probably equally old ; and remarkably fine as well as picturesque trunks of Elms. The Oak trunk has internally a clear diameter of 9 feet, and externally measures in its narrowest part, 4 feet from the ground, 36 feet round, whilst at G feet it is probably some 40 feet. The thick shell of bark carries yet many very robust branches, and if well- oared for, the tree would no doubt endure for 100 years longer. Last year it was in some careless way set on fire, but although the inner surface was charred, the tree was saved from much harm. One of the Elms has a girth of about 25 feet, and is tall and in vigorous growth. Another stem of the same girth is a noble ruin, having been broken clean off at 9 feet from the ground. Several others have girths of 21 feet, and one 'or two quite dead are the most strange-looking and picturesque objects conceivable. These should be preserved with all honour so long as is possible. Railway Rates.— We gladly publish the fol- lowing letter on this subject: — "At a meeting of the London Wholesale Seed Trade AsBOciatioD, held on Jan. 20, present, Messrs. Watkins & Simpson, Exeter Street, Strand ; Kotley & Silverlock, Victoria Embankment, W.C. ; Hubst & Son, 152, Hounds- ditch, London ; .Jacob Wrench & Sons, Limited, London Bridge, EC; Cooper, Taber & Co., Limi- ted, 90, Southwark Street, BorouKh ; Nutting & Sons, Southwark Street, Borough, the new Railway Rates were considered, and it was resolved that I, as chairman, be requested to urge upon you : — (1,) That the new rates and regalationa will, if contiuned, seriously impede the business transactions of the Arms composing our association, by driving the outward trade from London, and their inward or farmer's produce trade to other countries or districts where communication by water is available. (2 ) Supplying, as we do, indirectly the agriculturists of the United Kingdom with seeds for their farms, a class which is already most seriously overburdened, we submit that the rates, instead of being advanced, should most certainly be reduced to the lowest possible tariff. (3.) That one or more of the mtm- bers of oar association vtill be pleased to wait upon you by appointment to discuss the matter more fully. — A. Watkins (Chairman). " " So far as I see," writes Mr. W. Bayloe Habtland, of Ard Cairn, Cork, " this new railway rate scale will cripple the agricultural work of our purely agricultural country. First. — Freights on seeds have to be paid for large lots in all parts of the world by rail or steamer. Afterwards, for re- distribution at seed time, the same supplies get cat up into small quantities, and sometimes a double or a treble freight paid on them, there are so very few farmers in Ireland who require a two-ton lot of Clover seed. It has to be cut up into very small portions, often into I()0 stones, or doable this. Take, for instance, one ton of Flounder Potatos from Athlone to Cork first costs £5 or £6. This could be had last year at Cork station freight, 14s. Last week I paid for a sample ton 23s., nearly 75 per cent, advance in freight alone. Now, this ton of seed got redistributed in three days from warehouse, in small lots, weights, half-hundredweights and hundredweights, and sent by rail or tram from Cork, and I suppose no lot will be delivered at destination under Is. M., 2s, (id., or it may be 3s. additional railway charges, thus, according to the new system, running the cost up, on freight alone, to the con- samer 150 or more per cent. This is but a case with a ton of Potatoa. Bat, as I mentioned in the case of Clover, all seeds come to Cork, not as food to be consumed within the city, but for redistribution in the farming districts ; and that when railway com- panies charge a doable freight on agricultural seeds, above all other things, the classification should be low accordingly, more particularly with some lots. Why, the germs (like gold dast) of the Cham- pion Potato, thirty years since, in the bands of an enthusiast in Forfarshire, Scotland, made thou- sands of pounds in freight for the railways and steamers of the United Kingdom, and, indeed, by its introduction to this poor country of ours saved millions for both governments, and kept Ireland from Januabt 28, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 105 starvation. Good graes is but sowing down Ireland to permanent pasture, so that any way by which we frustrate the design of introducing good seeds in small quantities into our common country, we are but injuring the cause of God and man alike, and I hope the public and the railway kings will see that small lots of agricultural seeds get fair play over the railways of Ireland." Meetings all over the country are being held to protest against the exorbitant rates now levied. Market gardeners and fruit and flower fsrmeis sidency of the Lokd Matoe. The meeting will be addressed by Sir James Whitehead, and other Members of Parliament. Application for tickets of admission should be made to the Secretary of the Mansion House Association on Railway and Canal Traffic, Eastcheap Buildings, who will also upon request, supply forms for comparing the old and the new rates. In the meantime, the President of the Board of Trade, and his colleague of the Board of Agriculture, bid us wait with patience, Stewart, President, in the chair, the President referred in suitable terms to the losses sustained by biologic science in the deaths of Sir Kichard Owen and Professor J. 0. Westwood, who had been Fellows of the Society for fifty-six and sixty-four years respectively. Mr. W. Cabruthers. F.H.S , V.P.L.S., then laid before the Society the results of a collec- tion made by Mr. Alexander Whyte in the Malanji country, in the Shiii5 highlands, in October, ISiU, and of which the plants were deter- mined by the officers of the Botanical Department, IKEUV AT MADUESKIEI.D COURT. (>.EE will be among the chief sufferers, and the grow- ing fruit industry runs a good chance of being strangled in its birth. The Spalding Improve- ment Commissioners report that in the case of Cabbages, the extra rates from Lincolnshire to London amounted to as much as £8 10^. per acre, and that the rates from Lincolnshire to Sheffield for hay and straw were nearly doubled. We should be glad to hear what our nurserymen have to say upon the subject. A conference of traders and agriculturists on the subject of the new Kailway Kates will be held at the Mansion House on Monday, the 30tb inst., at half-past 2 o'clock, under the pre- Ghent Quinquennial. — We have received a copy of the schedule of this exhibition, which promises to be of even greater importance than usual. In all 660 classes are mentioned, and in each class two, or in some cases, three prizes are off'ered. The jury will be international in character, and no inhabitant of Ghent is qualified to act as juryman. Two British prizes will be off'ered, viz., the Van Iloutte Memorial Prize for forty miscel- laneous plants in or out of flower, and the Veitch Memorial Prize mentioned in oar last issue. LINNEAN Society.— At the general meeting held on Thursday, January 19, Professor Charles British Museum; about sixty, or, roughly speak- ing, one-fifth, proving new to science. Whilst .Sir J. I). Hooker defined the flora of Kili- manjaro as Abyssinian in character, the Malanji flora displays a much closer relationship to the Cape. The last paper was by Mr. G. F. Scott- Elliot, and was his report as botanist to the Anglo-French Sierra Leone Boundary Com- mission, in which he gave an account of the economic aspects of the districts traversed. An evening meeting will be held on Thursday, February 2, IH9.3, at 8 p.m., when the following papers will be read : — 1. Report on the Gntomostraca from the Gulf of Guinea, West Coast of Africa, 106 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januaby 28, 1893. collected by J. Rattbat ; by Thos. Scott, F.L.S. 2. Two new species of Rhax ; by H. M. Bebnabd. 3. On the Division of Nuclei in the Mycetozoa ; by Abthor Lister, F.L.S. 4. On the structural dif- ferentiation of the Protozoon Body, as studied in microscopic sections ; by .J. E. S. Mooee. The Seed Trade.— The past autumn proved one of the worst known for years for ripening some of the Legumes. Only a few days ago, we were shown some samples of green Windsor and white Beans, which, after being harvested and stacked as usual, had just been thrashed out, and what Beans were sound were much discoloured, many quite rotten, and all very soft, needing two or three weeks' drying at least to harden them before they can be sent out. This ia common experience, and illustrates the great difficulty experienced by the wholesale seedsmen in executing their orders. A sample of Autocrat Peas would not pay for picking, and other late sorts are similarly affected. It is only those who are engaged in the business of seed-growing that can understand something of its anxieties and worries. The difficulty of getting off orders is acutely felt this winter. Technical Education. — Mr. Knioht has 6nished a first course of thirty lectures on behalf of the East Sussex County Council. The attendances throughout have been very good. Cottagers chiefly were supposed to derive most benefit, but last year many gardeners attended, and it is to be regretted that this year but few of the former put in an appearance, though some audiences were composed almost exclusively of gardeners. This seems to point to the fact that they at least do not object to learn, and are not above being taught when the knowledge is conveyed in an interesting and enter- taining manner. That great good is now being done we are quite confident. Fruit from the Cape.— A consignment of fruit from South Africa arrived at Southampton on the 22nd inst. by the Union Steamship Com- pany's R.M.S." Athenian," consisting of 334 packages of Apricots, 27 boxes of Peaches, and 2 boxes of Pears, from Cape Town ; and 183 cases of Mangos and Pines from Durban. The Peaches and Apricots arrived in condition not quite satisfactory, and con- sequently realised less than was anticipated. The Pines were the smallest that have been seen at Covent Garden Market for some time, and fetched from 5d. to M. each only. Mangos also were unsatisfactory. The Show-house at Kew — The show-house, No. 4, is gay with bright flowering plants. Among them may be mentioned Hyacinths, Narcissus, Lily of the Valley, Cyclamen, Epacris, Chinese Primrose, Freesias (very well done), and Camellias, with the black-green leaves, indicative of health. All these are very nice, but may be seen anywhere. As less common and more interesting, and, therefore, more what one seeks at Kew, we may mention the vividly-coloured Peristrophe speciosa, Strobilanthes isophylla, an old friend, rarely seen now-a-days ; various greenhouse Rhododendrons, with brilliant- coloured flowers, and whose long lithe branches have to be tied down as if the plants were climbers. Daphne Genkwa bears a most wonderful re- semblance to a Lilac (Syringa). The resemblance ia, of course, merely superficial, and transcenden- talists could in this case hardly sustain a charge of mimicry against either plant ; Reinwardtia or (Linum) trigynum is very effective. The Freesias above mentioned are interesting, as affording illustra- tions of regular peloria. The normal flowers are slightly irregular, the two lower perianth segments of the inner row more or less deeply blotched with yellow. The three stamens are arranged in a sort of hood in the upper half of the flower, arching over the blotch, so that an insect alighting on the flower, and guided by the yellow blotch, would wipe out the pollen from the anthers, and convey it to another flower, where the three-branched stigma was pro- jecting to receive it; but in the white variety the flowers are nearly regular, with no blotch in the tube, and the three stamens are arranged around the style in a circle. All intermediate stages may be met with. The " Rosarian's Year Book " opens with a portrait of the Editor, the Rev. H. H. D'Ombbain, of whose career the Dean of Rochestkk writes a sympathetic account. Seven well-known rosarians gossip about Tea Roses ; the Editor supplies some reminiscences of French rosarians. Mr. Grahame raises the question of deterioration in Roses, which we are interested to find he does not attribute to the Rose itself, but to the unfavourable conditions under which they are grown, or the faulty treat- ment they receive. Mr. Alexandeb Gray is as full of fun as usual ; and Mr. Mawley's notes on the weather of the past year constitute a particularly valuable contribution, applicable not only to Roses, but to any and all plants grown in the open air. University of Pennsylvania.— The first number of a periodical entitled Contributions from the Botanical Lalioratory of the University of Pennsyl- vania has reached us. It contains teratological articles by Dr. Rothrock and Mr. HARsnnERGER ; a note on the staminal arrangements of Epigffia repens, a nascent variety of Prunella vulgaris, a dwarf form, which most of us have seen on our lawns, and which is a good illustration of the powers of adaptation to — lawn-mowers ! and which is of interest to those who study the effect of environment on plants. Dr. Rothrock should obtain seeds from this variety, and note if the " nanism " is reproduced in the offspring — probably not, we should say. Dr. Wilson also con- tributes a paper on the leaves of Melilotus alba, which assume different positions according as they are exposed to ordinary daylight, to darkness, or the rays of a hot sun, the latter position being assumed to prevent a too rapid transpiration, and are not dependent on light alone, but on heat and water supply. Dr. Macfablanb, late of Edinburgh, now the Director of the Laboratory, contributes an im- portant paper on the Venus' Fly-trap, Dionaja Muscipula, dealing with the phenomena of leaf- closure, leaf structure, leaf secretion, leaf opening, and " irrito-contractility." The hairs of the Fly- trap are multicellular, and have a hinged joint near the base, consisting of numerous quadrangular cells, devoid of cuticle, and each minutely pitted, the pits, presumably, being pervious, though this is not yet decisively made out. We cannot give the structural details at greater length, suflice it to say that the passage of protoplasm from cell to cell is well marked, if the leaves are treated in a particular manner detailed by the author. The paper cannot be fairly dealt with in abstract, but must be studied as a whole. The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— The usual monthly meeting of the committee took place at the Horticultural Club, Hotel Windsor, Victoria Street, on the 20th inst., Mr. William Maeshall pre- siding. The special amounts announced by the Secretary were — H.R.H. the Princess of Wales, £10 10s. ; the Scottish Horticultural Association, £5 ; Mr. H. Herbst, £1 Is. ; the Ware Horticultural and Mutual Improvement Society, £1 lis. Qd., and Sir. W. Whittaker, 'Stocklands, Bridgewater, 10s. The following sums from boxes were also announced : — G. Fennell, Fairlawn, Tonbridge, 10s. &il. ; and Mr. H. J. Jones, Ryecroft Nursery, Lewisbam, £2 10s. Old. With the letter enclosing the cheque for 10 guineas from the Princess of Wales came one from Col. Stanley Clarke, the private secretary to H.R.H., stating that in reply to a request made through Mr. .John Wills, H.K.H. permitted her name to be announced as the patroness of the Fund. The following resolution was unani- mously passed : — " That the best thanks of the committee be given to Mr. John Wills, for the invaluable services rendered to the Gardeners' Orphan Fund in securing the influential support of H.R.H. the Princess of Wales as the Patroness of the Fund." Mr. John Wills, in acknowledging the same, suggested that a special circular, setting forth the fact of the Princess of Wales having become the Patroness of the Fund, be sent to a large number of the nobility and gentry of the country, with a view of securing their support also. This was agreed to, and a sub-committee was appointed to prepare the same. An application was made on behalf of a boy who, by reason of reaching the maximum age, had ceased to benefit from the Fund, as to whether the committee could make a grant to complete his education. The committee decided it would be exceeding their powers were they to do so. Enquiry was also made as to whether the child of a subscriber of seven or eight years' standing could be placed upon the Fund without the necessity of election. The Secretary was instructed to reply, that admission to the Fund could be made only by election in the usual way. A donation of £5 from Mr. G. Cooke was announced. Winter flowering Begonias.- It is true that there .ire many very pleasing winter-blooming Begonias in cultivation ; still, none nave hitherto been seen that in any way caused so much interest or admiration as Gloire de Sceaux, shown in such grand form at the Drill Hall on the 17th inst. To very many of those present it appeared to be abso- lutely new, although some time In commerce, but without doubt it was largely the superb way in which it was presented by Mr. Jenninos that led to such impression. Not only did that gardener deserve the highest award that could be made to him for his exhibit, but he merits in no less degree the thanks of lovers of winter Begonias, for having thus shown how finely they can be grown and flowered. Naturally the question arises. Why should we con- tinue to devote so much attention to the summer- blooming Begonias, of which we have varieties to repletion, when it is evident that here, in the winter-blooming race, is a field open to raisers which is beyond all others worth cultivating 'f What a grand strain of winter varieties might be evolved from out of Gloire de Sceaux, especially if its fine bronzy foliage be retained ! We need now flowers of double the size, and of pure white, pink, red, yellow, crimson, and other beautiful hues. Would it not be of greater service to floriculture to strive for the production of such a strain, than to farther waste effort in the development of the summer forms, which have flowers large enough and double enough to satisfy the most exacting? What good to any one will result from the getting of larger flowers ? On the other hand, the wider development of these winter-bloomers would open up a field which should prove enormously productive. There are thousands of gardeners who would gladly possess superior winter-flowering varieties. Public Park for Ramsgate.- The design of J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, for laying out the grounds of Ellington House as a public park has been accepted by the council, and the contract for carrying out the work has been entrusted to them. The grounds comprise about 13 acres. Ia a subsequent issue we shall give the plan of the new park. National Chrysanthemum Society.— We are requested to announce that the annual general meeting of members of the above will take place at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, on Monday, Feb- ruary 20, at 7 P.M., of which notice will be given to the members in due course. Bournemouth and District Gardeners' Mutual Improvement Association— At the fortnightly meeting of the above on Wednesday, January 18, Mr. C. W. Herbert Greaves gave a lecture on " The Potato and Tomato Disease." Having sketched in a somewhat detailed manner the life-history of the Phytophthora infestans, the lec- turer proceeded to show how a full knowledge of the habits and various methods of reproduction of the fungus was of practical value in suggesting means of prevention. The methods of prevention were arranged under two heads, viz. : (o) those applicable to the .Tanuaet 28, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 107 Potato only ; and (4) those common to the Potato and the Tomato. The experimpnts that have been tried in various countries with Bordeanx Mixture were dealt with as fully as time permitted. The lecture was illustrated by diagrams, and was listened to attentively. Mr. Watts, Junior, of the Palace Nurseries, was in the chair. An interesting series of lectures will also be given daring the year, the particulars of which can be obtained from Mr. J. B. Stevekson, Secretary. According to the published balance-sheet, the Association possesses a balance at its bankers of £11 15s, Zd. The Late Mr. James Sheppard of WOOLVERSTONE. — A man of great ability, and a skilful and practical horticulturist, whose heart and soul were in his profession, passed away on the 16th inst., as was noticed in our previous issue, in the person of Mr. James Sheppard. He had been for the last thirty- six years in charge of the gardens at Wool- verstone Park, Ipswich, having previously acted as foreman at Longleat. Woolverstone has re- cently passed into the hands of C. II. Beu- NEHs, Esq., who succeeded his father, the late Captain HnoH Bernebs, R.X., and is one of the largest and most beautiful estates in Suffolk, as it extends for many miles along the banks of the River Orwell. During the period that Mr. Sheppard was gardener he carried out many important alterations and improvements, and the whole place is characteristic of the state to which the art of modern gardening can be brought by a skilled operator. Mr. Sheit'Ard had an abhorrence of anything artificial in the planning of pleasure- grounds or gardens, and that he was master of the art of landscape gardening, is indicated in many directions. The heating arrangements of the houses are the work of his hands, as also the water supply to the garden and village forced up by rams a mile or so distant. Mr. Shep- pard was for more than a quarter of a century a contributor to the columns of the Gardrturs' C/inmir/c, served on the Fruit Committee of the K )jal Horticultural Society, and yearly per- formed the oOice of judge at the leading metro- politaa and local shows. He was also well-known as an exhibitor, especially in classes for fruit, and was an adept in the art of Grape growing. He was last winter selected by the Technical Instruction Committee of the East Suffolk County Council to lecture on Horticulture, but was stricken with his fatal illness, cancer of the stomach, before being able to quite complete this season's course of instruction. Personally, firm in dis- cipline towards those under his control, he was always ready and anxious to do all in his power for their advancement or good. Kind-hearted and genial to a degree, and considerate and thoughtful for others, he endeared himself to every one with whom he came in contact. He was held in the highest esteem by his employers, from whom he received many marks of approbation. The funeral took place on Friday last, amidst every sign of widespread sympathy and regret. WooLTON Gardeners' Mutual Improve- IVIENT Society.— The annual meeting of this So- ciety was held on the lOlh inst., Mr. B. Cromwell of Cleveley Gardens, Allerton, presiding. The statement of the year's work was very satisfactory. Special thanks are tendered to Mr. E. G. Baillie, Chester, for his lecture on Vegetarianism ; and to the Rev. G. II. Spooner, Mr. J. Davies. and the proprietors of the Journal of Horticitlliirr for special prizes, the succfssful competitors being Messrs. A. Rowlands, W. Dislet, H. Corlett, and J. .1. Chaven. a " floral concert " realised the sum of £12, which has been equally divided between the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution and the Gardeners' Orphan Fund. Gifts have been made to the by library Mr. Holbhook Ga'kell, .J.P., the President; Mr. K. J. Harvey Ginsou, M.A., F. Ij.S., and Messrs. James Veitch & Sons. Special lectures, under the auspices of the I/ancftshire and Cheshire Association for the exten- sion of University Teaching have been given nnder the management of this Society, that In the spring by Jlr. R. J. Harvey Gibson, M.A., F.L.S., lecturer on botany, Liverpool LToiversity College, on the Geo- graphical distribution of Plants, illustrated ; and in the autumn Dr. T. L. Bailey delivered a course on the Chemistry of Soils, with experiments and illus- trations. The finances are in a healthy state, the balance in favour of the Society being £3 9s. Zd. The Secretary, Mr. W. Dislet, and the Treasurer, Mr. R. G. Waterman, were re-elected. A special coarse of lectures was announced on the "History of Botany and Agriculture, ' for the spring session, by Mr. R. J. Harvet Gibson, M.A., F.L.S. Grasses of the Pacific Slope.— Dr. Va«et, of the Uuited States Department of Agriculture, Botanical Department, has published the first part of a valuable series of descriptions and figures of the grasses of the Pacific States of North America. There are about 200 species, all, it is said, distinct from those which grow east of the Mississippi. The work will assuredly be of great value not only to botanical students, but to all persons interested in agriculture and the rearing of domestic animals. Dr. Vasev acknowledges the great assistance ren- dered him by his assistant. Prof. L. H. Dewey. The illustrations are very clear. James Carter & Co.— Rhhson's London Dirrctorij for 18.37, then in its seventeenth edition, contains an advertisement of James Carter, who announces liis removal from Drury Lane, to 23S, High Holborn, opposite l>\v & Martin's. There is no opposition now, for James Carter & Co. at present occupy the premises once consecrated to blacking. At that time forty-two seedsmen were enumerated. Most of the names in the earlier edition are^not represented now-a-days, but we still find the names of Carter, NuTTiNn, Giiiiis, and Wrench. The Late Sir James Wm. Mackey's Business.— We understand that the family of the late Sir James W. Mackev of Dublin, in accordance with his wishes, will continue the seed business — founded in 1777 — under the management of Mr. A. O. Watkins, who ably conducted it for Sir Jamks during his long illness. Shropshire Horticultural SociETV.-This successful society have recently purchased for £3I.M some fields adjacent to the show ground, and hope to continue the promenade to the same, and plant trees and generally decorate the land acquired. The Midland Carnation and Picotee Society.- We have btlore us the second annual report of the above, from which we are enabled to gather the following facts concerning its condition since the issue of the first report. The appeals for support have been generously responded to, and the number of members has risen from 1.52 in IHIll to 204 in 1S'J2, and 20 others have joined since the present year began. The second annual exhibition at the Botanical Gardens, Edgbaston, Birmingham, on Saturday, August H'l, was held on favouring cir- cumstances of weather, was very successful, and was very well attended by the inhabitants of Birming- ham and the vicinity. The success which has attended the Society's shows has warranted the committee in making a donation of £5 each to the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution and the Gardeners' Orphan Fund. The balance which the Society has at its bankers amounts to £32 G.s-. 4r/. Origin of Perfume in Flowers.— In the Comptrs Rindus for November 21, M. E. Mesnard details the result of his experiments relative to the mode of production of perfumes in flowers, and the following are the conclusions at which he arrives : — " 1. The essential oil is generally found in the epidermal cells of the upper surface of the petals or sepals. It may occnr on both surfaces, espe- cially if the floral segments are completely covered in the bud. The lower surface usually contains tannin or pigments, which are derived from it. 2. Chlorophyll seems invariably to generate essential oil. This is comprehensible if it be remembered that usually the floral segments are only modified leaves which are fulfilling a new function. The chlorophyll is then found diverted from its usual purposes, and modi- fied sometimes into persistent tannin-like sub- stances, sometimes into essential oils. 3. Exhala- tion of perfume from the flower is only discernible when the essential oil is sufficiently differentiated from the intermediate products from which it is generated, and it is found in inverse proportion to the amount of tannin and pigment in the flower. This will explain why flowers with green petals are scentless, and why white and rose-coloured flowers are most often odoriferous ; why Composites that are rich in tannin, have often so unpleasant an odour ; and finally, why forced white Lilac and Roses develop a most delicate perfume." But all green flowers are not scentless, witness the Vine, or the " Hang-Hang." Literature and Gardening.— Referring to a paragraph which appeared in an evening con- temporary the other day, regarding a lecture by Mr. Joseph Hatton on " Novels and Novelists," that gentleman writes : — " It was not intended to suggest that Mr. Blackmore is simply a market gardener. I mentioned this occupation as work which the novelist likes, and not as a labour of necessity. In doing so, I compared Mr. Blackmore with another distinguished and delightful author, ' Ik Marvel,' whose ReverUt of a Bachelor is one of the most sweetly human books of the century. Mr. Black- more, it is said, would rather talk of horticulture than books. 'Ik Marvel' (Donald E. Mitchell), being interviewed by a New York reporter, said, ' Talk to me about planting Parsnips, but don't ask me about my books.' The anecdote which you printed," adds Mr. Hatton, " was related to me by a friend. (Quoted without the context it conveys a different meaning from the point which it illustrated. Greatly admiring the author of Lorim Doone, I should deeply regret if any reader should have gathered from your paragraph any other impression than one of respect for Mr. Blackmore and his work. It is related of a certain critic of horticulture that he slightingly noticed Mr. Black- more's views upon some question of gardening to mention the fact that ' he also writes books.' I mentioned Mr. Hlackmore's gardening as a wayside incident of his brilliant career as a novelist." Gardeners' Royal Benevolent.— In our notice of this institution last week, the list of selected candidates was taken by us from the Joiirnrd of Ilorticullurc without comment, under the impres- sion that it was the oflicial list commnnicated by the Secretary. We now learn that this was not the case, and can only express our regret that we should, even inadvertently, have omitted to state the source whence our information was derived. Glasgow Botanic Garden and Parks.— Appointment of Curator to Botanic Gardens— From a Glasgow correspondent we learn that at a meeting of the Parks Committea, it was agreed to recommend the Town Council, at a meeting on Thursday next, to appoint Mr. Daniel Dkwar, foreman of the herbaceous department of the Kew Gardens, London, as the ('urator of the Botanic Gardens. It was thought inadvisable, as at first proposed, to join the duties with that of Superin- tendent of the Parks, hence the Parks Committee also agreed to recommend the appointment of Mr. jAMf:s WniTTON, at present gardener to the Earl of Strathmore, Glamis Castle, as Superintendent of the Parks. The salary attached to the office is £300 per annum. PLANT PORTRAITS. Applb, Eliza Ratiikk, Hull. d.'Arhoriculiure, t half century (and others interested in gardening and gardeners) have built up a noble standard of garden charity which is now shedding gleams of joy and brightness round the declining life of many of our fellow workers who have fallen helpless by the way. Let me, then, appeal to all gardeners, and others associated with them in the calling, to rally round this noble insti- tution, and to strengthen it with their active support that all the deserving in our craft may claim a shelter under its wing in the time of adversity and want. Owen Thomas, The Boyal Gardens, Windsor, January 23, 1893. store of knowledge on these subjects. Mr. Burnett, in the pursuit of his favourite study, received, it may be explained, a severe injury to the spine by falling from a tree in the woods of Keith- hall some years ago, and which for the remainder of his life prevented him from taking much outdoor exercise. Mr. Burnett's remains were interred on Friday in Old Machar Churchyard, Old Aberdeen, amid a large gathering of his relations and friends. Enquiry. ■• He t/uit questioneth mvch shall learn mucA."— BaooS. "M." would be glal if some of our correspon- dents would name the best of the Chrysanthemums for exhibition which came out in 1892 and 1893. The Weather. [By the term " accumulated temperature'* is meant the aKRregate amount, as well as the duration. o( degrees of temperature above or below 4^° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result is expressed in Day- degrees — a "Day-degree" sigQifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Stuart Moubray Burnett. — Readers will regret to learn of the death of Mr. Stoart M. BuBNETT, late of Balbithan, Keithhall, Aberdeen- shire, which took place rather unexpectedly at his residence in Old Aberdeen, on Monday morning. Mr. Burnett, who was in his ()8th year, was the fourth son of the late Mr. John Burnett, of Kemnay, Aberdeenshire, and younger brother of the present proprietor. Shortly after the demise of his father, Mr. Stuart Burnett removed to Balbithan, where he lived for nearly thirty years with a sister, and, during the whole of that long period, he exclusively devoted himself to hatanical and natural history studies. As a result of his enterprise and industry in this direction, deceased was able to get together a very large and fine collection of plants, beasts, birds, &c., all of which he had carefully preserved, and which formed a very interesting natural history museum. He was looked upon as an authority in such matters ; and in response to many invitations from his brother enthusiasts— the members of the Aberdeen Natural History Society — he had on numerous occasions contributed valuable papers to the meetings of that body. These he had been asked to publish in book form, but never consented to do so. In addition to these papers, he had written very extensively on natural history, and it is very probable that the whole of his MSS. will be reproduced in a more permanent form than hitheito, and the public may have the benefit of his Tehpebatcbb. BADfFALL. Bbiqht Sun. ^ a" AOOUMULATEB. ] s . 1 ^ 2 . Tl "^M 9 ^- ag 1 +•2 " 1 s . s lis 1^ « i.si a "I ■5 §'-' ill It as >^ • Is s •-> 1 Si ■St 3§ 3^- |s In 2. -< n < £3 a 2S 3 r 3u Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths deg. deg. deg. deg. Inch. 0 0 aver 5 32 — 20 + 84j 1 -t- 15 1-8 3 15 1 3 + 6 35 - 2ll+ 71,0 aver 15 1-4 14 11 2 1 — 1 35 - 20 -1- 60 Oaver 14 11 17 14 3 5 — 0 6i - 21 + 94 1 + 15 1-2 11 13 4 2 — 0 41 - 28|-|- 82 3 — 12 0-8 15 16 h 4 — 0 46 — 30-1-100 1 — 12 1-4 7 13 6 1 + 10 25 - 22-1- 68 8 — 11 0-8 19 22 7 0 aver 5 23 - 21 + 60 4 — 11 0-8 13 13 f 2 — 8 30 - 36 + 71 6 — 10 1-3 28 24 { 2 -1- 20 10 — 24 -i- 34 1 — 14 1-6 11 15 10 0 ave 27 H — 35 + 2f 6 — 11 2-2 15 15 • 0 ave 24 7 — 32-1- 36| 4 — 13 21 14 15 The d stricts indica bed by number in the first oolumn are the following :— 0 Scotland. N. Principal Wheat-producing District!— 1, Scotland. K.; 2. England. N.K. ; 3. England, E. 4, Midland Counties: 6, England, S. Princioal Grazing, l^c. Districts— 6, Scotland, W. ; 7. England, N.W. : 8, England, S.W.j 9, Ireland, K. ; 10. Ireland. 8. ; (* Channel Islands.) THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending January 21, is furnished from the Meteorological Ortice : — " The weatluT was cloudy or dull in almost all parts of the kingdom, with frequent but not heavy falls of rain, sleet, or snow. In the south-western and western parts of England, however, the con- ditions were often fine and bright. " The temperature exceeded the mean in ' Scotland, E. and W.,' and in ' Ireland, N.,' and just equalled it in ' England, N.,' ' Ireland, S.,' and the ' Channel Islands;' elsewhere it continued below the mean, the deficit ranging from 1° in ' England, N.E..' to 4° in ' England, S.,' and 5° in ' England, E.' The highest of the maxima were registered on the 18th, when the thermometer rose to 52° in ' Scotland, B. and Ireland, S.,' and to 60° or 51° in most other districts ; over the ' Midland Counties ' and ' Ireland, S..' however, the highest reading was 47°, and in ' England, E.,' 44°. The lowest of the minima were recorded during the earlier part of the period, and ranged from 17° in ' England, E. and S.,' and 18° in the ' Midland Counties,' to 28° in ' England, N.W.,' and 29° in the ' Channel Islands.' " The rainfall was much about the mean ia Janoaky 2^, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 113 ' Scotland, N. and E.,' and ' England, N.E. and E. ;' in all other districts the fall was deficient, and in 'Scotland, W,' ' England, S.W.,' and ' Ireland, S.,' the dtficienry was larjie. " The bright sunshine exceeded the mean in ' Scotland, W.' and ' England, S.W., N.W., and N E ,' but was very little prevalent elsewhere. The per- ceotage of the possible duration ranged from 28 in ' England, S.W.,' to 7 in ' England, S.,' and to 3 in ' Scotland, N.' " ARKETS. COVEXT GARDES', Janmry 26. [We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the sub- joined reports. They are furnished lo us re^rularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It must be rememlvered that these quotations do not represent the prices on any particular day, but only the general averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices det^end upon the quality of the samples, the supply in the market, and the demand; and they fluctuat*:^, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day. Ed.1 No alteration. BuBineea very dall. James Webber^ Wholesale Apple Market. Plaicts in PoTa.— Average Wholesaxe Prices. t.d.i.d. M.d.t.d. Azalea, per doz. ...:?4 (i\2 0 Picas elastica, each 1 «- 7 tJ Aaimotum, per doe. 6 0-ia 0 Genesta, per doz. ...lu 0-15 0 Aspidistra, per doz. 15 0-30 0 Hyacinths, doz. pots 8 0-li U — specimen, each 7 6-21 0 Lily of the Valley, Chry9anthemum.doz.4 0-ia 0 \2 potfll2-18 0 Cineraria, per doz.... ft 0-12 (i Marguerite, per doz. 8 0-12 0 Cyclamen, ^loz. ... 9 ii H U Mignonette. doz pots 6 0-12 0 Oyperus, per dozen 4 O-IO 0 Palms, various, each 2 0-10 0 DracsBoa. each ... 1 0- fi 0 — specimens. eachlO 8 84 0 Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 0 Solanums, per doz. 9 0-12 0 F Gardenia, per dozeDl2 0-24 0 Heliotrope, per doz. sprays Uyacinlh OdOQtOglOfl orispum.iablms. 2 0-60 Pelargonium. scarlet, per 13 bun. 6 0-12 0 13 sprays ... 10-16 Poinsettias, per doz. bloomi 3 0 6 0 Pn'mula, double ... 0 6-10 0 6 0 9 Roses, Tea, perdo/^n 3 0-40 Roman, — coloured, dozen 3 0-6 0 doz. sprays 0 6- 1 0 I — yellow )«. to 100.S. ; ordinary kinds, 50,*. J. B. Thomas. 0 4- ... 0 3-06 3 ft- ... 0 6- ... 0 6-10 0 4-06 SEEDS. London : Jan. 25.— Mewrs. John Shaw & Sons. Seed Mer- chantM. of Great M-ize Pond, Borough, London, S.E.. rei>ort a fair business now doing in seeds. The United SUt«s it is now evident, have overshipped their Clover seed, and as the stocks they hold are proving unsul&cient for their own reriuire- meotH, American merchants are attempting to buy back from Europe their own seed. lu Trefoil an active busiaes-j has been passing at enhanced ..urrencies. There is no change this week in either ANikeor White. Rye-grasse* keep very firm. For Tares there is an improved inquiry. Canary seed is steady, la Hemp seed the lat« sudden rise of 8c. is maintained. For Peas and Uancote the sale is slow. Linseed is dearer. Scarlet and White Runner Beans offer at tempting rates. FBTTITS AND VEaETABLES. SpiTALFiELDS: 7an. 24.— Quotations i—CjUard-", 2x. to 3s. ; Savojs, 3s. to 4j. ; Cauliflowers, 7j. to lOi. per tally ; Sprouts, Is. 3d. to Is 6i. per half-sieve; Turnip-tops 2s. to 3<. per sack ; Curly Kale, 1j. to Is. 6d. per bushel ; Seakale. Is. 3d. to Is. 6d. per punnet ; Green*, 2s. to 3s. ; Turnips, is. 6d, to 3s. ; Carrots, 2s. to 3s ; Par&ley, 6s. per dozen bunches ; Horse- radish, Is. 3d. to Is. 6d. ; Celery, Is. 3d. to Is. Qd. per bundle ; forced Rhubarb, Is. 3d. to Is. i6d. per dozen bundles ; Parsnips, 8d. to Is. per score; Beetroot. Is. to Is. 6d. perdozen ; Mustard and Cre«9, 2s. per dozen baskets; Eoglish Onions, Ss. to 8s. 6d. per cwt.; Spanish do., 8s, to IO5. ; Bordeaux, do., ^s. to6s. 6d. per case; Belgian and Dutch do., 6s. 8d.to 7s. 9d. per bag of 110 lb.; Carrota, 5Us. to 60s. per ton; foreign Tomatos, Is. to Is. ^. per box ; English Apples. 3s. to 6s. per bu3hel ; American, do., I3s. to 18s. per barrel. Borough, Jan. 24.— Quotations :— Cabbages. 3s. to 3j. 6d. ; Savoys, 4s. to is. 6d. per tally ; Cauliflowers, Is. 6d. to 2s. Qd. per dozen; Spinach, Is. 6d. to 3s. per bushel; Sprouts, Is. 6d. to ls.9d. per haU-siere; Carrots. 2s. 6d. to 3s.; Turnips, U. 6rf. ; Parsley, 4s. per dozen bunches; English Ouious, 7*. to 9s.; Dutch do., 5s. to 6s. 6(i. per cwt.; Horseradish, Is. 6d. to Is. 9d. per bundle; English Apples, 2.'. 6d. to 10s. per bushel. SxRiTFORD. Jan. 25.— There has been an excellent supply of all kindtof produce at this market during the past week, an i a gootl trade was done at the prices shown below : — Savoys, Is. 6d, to 5s. per tally; Greens, 9i. to Is. 3d. per sieve; Sprouts, U. to Is. 3^. per half-sieve; do.. 2s. to 2s. 6d. per bushel ; Scotch Kale, lOd. to Is. per sieve ; Turnips. 40<. to 6'Js. per ton ; Carrots, household, 40s. to 50s. per ton ; do,, cattle-feeding, 2is. to 35i. per ton ; Parsnips, Is. to Is. 6d, per score; Mangolds, 17«. to 20s. per ton; Swedes. 20s. lo U2s. per ton ; Onionip, Englisdi, 16os. to 180s. per ton ; do., Datch, 5s. 6d. to 7s. per bag; Apples, English, 2s. to 2s. Qd. per bushel; do., American, liU. lo 24s. per barrel; Celery, tid. to Is. per roll; Horse Radish. Is. 9d. to 2s. per bundle. Farrixgdom : Jan. 26.— Quotations: — Eoglish Onions, Ss. to 9i. per cwt. ; Parsnips. 60s. to 65s. per ton ; Carrota, 50s. to 55s. per too; Turnips, &0s. to 55s. per ton; Sprouts, Is. 3d. per half-sieve ; Savoys, 4s. to 5s. per tally; Horseradish. 2t. 3d. per bundle; American Apples. Baldwins, 14«. to 17s. 6d. ; Greeningt, do., per barrel; Tomatos, Is. 9d, per box; Grapes, 14* to i7s. per barrel. ^ FOTATOS. SPITALFIKI.D9 : Jan. 24.— Quotations are unaltered from those last r» ported. Borough ; Jan. 24.— Quotations:— English Magnums, 50s. to 6-^s. ; Uebrons, 60s. to 70s. ; Snowdrops, 60s. to 7ds. per too. Stratford : Jan. 25.— Quotations :— Magnums, 50s. to 85s ; Bruce do., 65s. to 70s. ; Imperators, 55s. to 65s. ; Scotch Mag- num«, 60s. to 75s. ; Scotch Bruces, 60s. to 85s. ; Main Crop, 80s. to 100s. ; Belgian Magnums, 50s. to 60s. per ton. Farrijcodon, Jan. 26. — Qiotjitions :— Magnums, 65s. *o 70s. ; Sutton's Abundance, 90s. to 100s. ; Main Crop. 90s. to I0)s. ; Imperators, 60s. to 65s. ; Bruces, 70s. to 80s. per ton. London Averages : Jan. 25. — (Quotations: — Magnums, 50s. to 76s. ; Hebrons. 60s. to 8us. ; Snowdrops, 60s. to 80s. ; Dunbar Main Crop, 80s. to 95s. ; Imperators, 60s, to 70s. ; per ton. Notices to Correspondents. LARGELY ISCRKA.SED CIRCULATION of the •■ GAKOKNUHS' CIIRONICLK." Imf'ortant to Akvkrtiskrs — 7"Ae t^ublUher hm (A* tntix- faction of anmun-.ing that the circulation o/ the "Cir- deners' Chronicle " has, lince the reduction in the price 0/ the paper, In:reased to the extent of 76 per Cent. Advertisers are atto reminded that the " Chronicle" circuUtes ninong ALL classes oj gardtners andgarden-lovers at home, hzi a specially large foreign and CO oniat circulation, and ts preserved for refertnce m ail the principil Libraries. Adobesses Wanted. — Mr. A. Greavei, late of Thwaite House Gardeni, Cottingham, and Mr. Cullen, late of Greiham Iload, Staiaea, are re- quested to supply their present addresses. Letters forwarded to them at the above addresses re- spectively having been returned. — Hortus. J. Aik- man, Whitestile Koad, IJrentford, Middlesex. Ants Eatino tue Stamens of Peach Blooms: A. P. Saturate wood shavings in coal tar, and strew these round the stems of the trees ; but do not let the tar touch living tissues. IJigs dipped in petroleum may be placed in the tuts' runs, or carbolic acid strewn about. Ai'i'LES : E. Ocienicn. We cannot answer the ((Ui-Btions put, neither could any dealer do so, in advance of the time. It would be mere guefs- work. Some of the prices realised by Tasmanian fruit were not such as would be likely to induce larger importations than last year. I( fruit arrive in first-rate eondition, good prices are obtainable. BAMnusA FoHTOKBi : L, B, G. Hardy in this coantry. Books : W. Billing, Publisher of London Marifi Gardens. MacMillan & Co., Bedford Street, Covent Garden. Causation : H. if- Sons. The too common Carna- tion rust often figured in our columns. Burn the plants, or spray with sulphate of copper in a weak solution, Dendbobiom NoBiLE, NOT Flowebino : J. S. The plant may have refused to flower, owing to your not resting it properly, or the pseudo-bulbs not being well matured, or too weak ; or the old pseudo- bulbs which contain a certain amount of nutri- ment were removed, which may not be done under ordinary treatment. The sketch sent resembles D. speciosum. The flower spikes (2) are emitted from the apex of the stems or pseudo-bulbs. Elms : G, C, The pink fungus, Tubercularia, occurs commonly on dead wood. We do not think the fungus kills the tree, but some other cause, and the fungus comes after. See fig. 20. Ei'CHABis : E. Voar bulbs are attacked by the mite. Some say destroy the bulbs ; others say, grow your plants as well as you can, and take no heed of the disease. Insects— Gbud in Vallota: J. S. The grub in Vallota is no doubt that of Merodon, which is so injurious to Narcissus and other bulbs. Destroy the infected bulbs by burning them ; not by simplv throwing them away on the rubbish heap. ii. M Ti. Names of Fbi'Its : A. P. 1, Brabant Bellefleur ; ;!, ('ourt of Wick ; 4, Boston Kusset ; 5, Wyken Pippin. — T. //. C. Apples not recognized ; too much rubbed and biuised. Namks of Plants: G. H. 1, Ijibonia fioribunda; 2, I'/upatorium grandiflorum var. album ; 3, Chimo- nanlhna fragrans. — W. R. 1, Toxicophlaa tpec- tabile (Poison bark) ; 2, Arbutus procera ; 3, Erio- liotrya japonica, Loquat ; 4. next week ; 6, Kuecus androgynus. — Alpha. 1, Pteris cretica; 2, Selagini'lla Wildenovi, of gardens ; 3, S. Mertensii variegata ; 4, Lastrea glabella ; .'>, Adiantum hispidulum ; (i, Polypodium aureum ; 7, Adiantum trap*ziforine ; 8. Asplenium austra- lasicum ; !). Agapanthus unjhellatus variegatus 10, Clianthus puniceus, probably, send flowers 11, Adiantum excisuni multifidum ; 12, A§pidium coriaceum capense ; 1.'!. Asplenium Belangeri; 14, Aspidium (Cyrtomium) falcatum ; 15. Lomaria gibba platyptera ; 10, Asplenium bulbiferum ; 17, send fertile frond ; l.S, Aspidium aculea- tum (Polystichum); lit, A. angulare grandiceps ; 20, Phcenix sylvestris. Six specimens at one time is our limit. How do you think we could do our duty to our other subscribers, and pay our own expenses, if so much extra- editorial work was gene- rally thrust upon us? — Stnilret/, Man. Stanhopea grandifiora. — G. A , Eltham. bdontoglossum odo- ratum. — W, S., Alton. Tne Nephrodium may be distinct, but the species is not in favour with market growers, at least. — T. B., Nottingham. Your plant is a Gingerwort, but which, it is impossible to say without a perfect specimen. With regard to the Cinerarias, anything which causes a check would produce the result shown in your specimen. A. G. 1, Phyllirea angustifolia ; 2, I'botinia serrulata ; 3. Pernettya mucronata ; 4, Streptosolen .Tamfsoni ; 5, Cyrtodeira chaotalense ; 6, flowers wanting. Send again. 114 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [Januaby 28. 1893, New Varieties of Cheysanthemums : X. Y. Z, Japanese : William Seward, Beauty of Ex- mouth, J. Shrimpton (Japanese redexed), J. W. Childs, Mrs. Bruce Findlay, Lizzie Seward, Miss Dorothy Shea, Charles Blick, W. H. Atkinson, Mrs. A, J. Hubbuck, Autumn Tints, Countess of Hambledon, Mrs. W. Herbert Fowler. Incurved and Japanese incurved : Lord Brooke, Miss Annie Manda, M. Alphonse Seux, M. de LoDgbii, M. H. Briscoe Ironside, Mrs. Sharman, Secretary Farson, W. A. Manda, Yonitza. Ane- mones, Delaware, and Gertrude Bornemann. NtiESERY Teade in AUSTRALIA : J. C. The Emigrants Information OiHce would doubtless furnish trust- worthy information on application being made. The address is .31, Broadway, Westminster, S.W. Pbteoleum akd Vines : C. JF. The mixture of soft soap, clay, cow-dung, and fir-tree oil, was suf- ficiently effective and nasty enough to disgust the most hardened insect, without the addition of petroleum. We do not suppose the latter will do any harm to the Vines at the rate of half-a-pint to the bucketful of the mixture, because it has become so attenuated and divided amongst the whole mass of clay. Read )('. R.'s note on the subject in our last issue. It contains the pith of the matter. Seeds of Fincchio : F. G, Finochio is a variety of common gardtn Fennel (Focniculum oflicinale), much grown as a vegetable at Florence, It is an annual — at least, it is treated as such ; a low-grow- ing, distinct, and thickset plant, with a very short stem, which has the joints very close together at the base (see fig. 19, p. 109). The leaves are large and finely-cut, of a light green colour, the leaf-stalks very broad at the base, of a whitish-green colour, overlapping each other, forming a kind of enlarge- ment about the size of a hen's egg. Sow in the spring for a summer crop, and towards the end of summer for an autumn crop. It is sown in rows 10 to ^0 inches apart. The seedlings should be thinned out to G inches apart. The | lant is usually eaten boiled like celeriac and is very delicious though almost unknown here. Stocks foe Apples and Pears in a Low Boqgy Situation : E. F. Not a suitable place for fruit trees ; but ,if it is ^to be drained, yon should plant on mounds standing at the apex 1 foot to 1^ foot above the surrounding level, and use as stocks the Quince for the Pears, and Paradise for the Apples. The Quince stock will limit the number of varieties of Pears, as but few do well on it. A noted fruit grower gives the following as being very profitable on the Quince as bushes and small trees : — Doyenne d'Ete, Marie Louise d'Uccle, Bon Chretien (Williams), Souvenir du Congris, Beurr^ d'Amanlis, Fertility, Emile d'Heyst, Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Beacon. The following are late varieties: — Doyenne d'Alencjon (but it should be in a warm position), Winter Nelis, Josephine de Malines, Beurr^ Sterckman,Bergamotte D'Esperen, excellent as a bush, and all do well on Quince. The Roy'al IIobticultubal Society's Examina- tions : IV. W. It would obviously be impossible to print the questions that will be put We have sent your communication to the Secretary of the Royal Horticultural Society. Thorns Lbafino in the Winter : Hortus and G. H. S. Any plant putting forth leaves at mid- winter or about Christmastide was considered in olden times to possess miraculous virtues, as well it might be. Threshing Peas with Flail or Machine : Sydney Anderson, Hawkes Bay, N.Z. Provided the seed is well ripened, it is immaterial which method be adopted. CiiMMUXICATIOSS Eeceivkd.— F. W. Meyer.— F. M.— J. K.— F. D., Ghent.— J. B.— D. M.— H. B., Auckland.— W. W.— N.:E. B.— a. K.-J. D. S., Baltimore.- J. W.— C. N., Antibes. — F. W. B.— F. & M., Melbourne.— Lord R,— H. S. .1.. Vic- toria.—S. H.— M. R.-.I. R.— W. W.. Clapton.— W. W., Strand.— D. O.— M. B.— Prof. Macoim, Ottawa.— Ch. de B.. Lierre. — P. B. — Madagascar News.^Pioneer Mail, Allaha- bad.—G. J. I.— Edinburgh Botanical Society.— A. E. (fruit received- next week).— J. D.— W. A. C— S. H. S.— A. Y.— S. K.— .1. MacPherson.- M. C. C— J, H.— W. F.— A. P.— G. W.— J. G. B.— D. M.— W. H. D.— J. R.— Pteris.— A. D., St. Albans.— J. H. F.-O. — H. M.— C. T. C. — C. S. Photographs Received with Thanks.— D. M. and J. C. SpEciME.Ns Received with Thanks.— W. W.— P. B. Fruits Received.- G. Soutlicott. DIED. — Recently at Acton, Mrs. Aybbs, aged 75 years, widow of W. P. Ayes, a well-known hortS- calturist, who died in 1875. THOMAS GREEN & SON, Ltd., LEEDS and LONDON, HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, caU Special Attention to their Patent WrougUt-Iron Municipal or Angular Chambered and Tubular HOT-WATER BOILERS, And others with SHELVES, and HOLLOW or OBDINABY CAST-IRON GRATE BARS. 9Anni F Rdll FRQ ^'"' waterway backs and WELDED BOILERS, any of which are specially adapted for UHUULL UUILLflU, Heating Greenhouses, Conservatories, Churches. Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extant. The MUNICIPAL and TUBULAR cnes are remarkable for their great heating power, slov: combustion, and the length of time the fire will bum withottt reqitirinfj attention. These Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE— a SILVER MEDAL-at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881. MUNICIPAL PATTERN BOILER, THE BEST EXTANT. The longitudinal section gives a view of the fire-box, wat-er space, flues, &c. The croM section gives a'view of the fire-box water space and V-s^ap^d back. The front elevation shows it set in brickwork, which is necessary for this class of boiler. SIZES AND PRICES. M B 1 M B 2 MBS M B 4 MBS 3 ft. 2 In. long by 2 ft. 0 in. wide by 2 ft. 0 In. deep 4 0 „ by 2 0 „ by 2 0 „ 5 0 „ by 2 3 „ by 2 6 6 6 „ by 3 0 „ by 3 0 8 6 „ by 4 0 .. by 3 9 ,1000 ft. Price £15 0 0 Calculated to 1280 21 0 0 eat 4-in. piping •^2200 32 0 0 as follows :— 4000 60 0 0 Wood 85 0 0 FRONT ELEVATION LONEITUDINAI. SECTION CROSS SECTION Sizes & Prices, Including Sole-Plate, Grate-Bars, Fire Door, Dampers, & one Flow and one Return, complete. Boilers. Width. Length. Height. LeoKtb of 4-ioch Piping calculated to heat Price. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. feet. £ J. d. B 1 6 by X 0 I'l 2 0 600 16 0 0 C 1 1» by 3 6 bl 2 0 800 22 0 0 D 1 9 by 4 0 b 2 2 1100 29 0 0 E 2 0 by 4 6 b r 2 4 140O 36 0 0 F 2 3 by 5 0 b r 2 6 1760 43 0 0 0 2 6 by 5 6 b r 2 6 2000 50 0 0 H ■" 3 9 by 6 0 hi r 2 6 2600 60 0 0 I 3 0 by 6 8 b r 2 6 3000 70 0 0 TESTIMONIALS. Re HEATING APPARATUS. Borough Engineer's Office, Municipal Buildings, Leeds. January 9, 1886. Mesors. THOS. (iREEN AND SON, Ltd., NORTH STREET, LEEDS. Gentlemen,— I have great pleasure in bearing teatimony to the efficiency and satisfactory working of the Hot-water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings. The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 2g,000 feet of piping in them, varying in size from IJ in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections, &c. The several offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the he^t regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather. Two of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers, No. 4, work the whole of this piping easily, although we have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the consumption of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am, Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Engineer. Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November 10th, 1886. Gentlemen, — The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its work satisfactorily ; it is heating SOCtO feet of 4-inch pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite sure that it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost o£ fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers. I have uow five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel. Messrs. THOS. GREEN and SON, Ltd., LEEDS. Yours faithfully, (Signed) G. W. BASHTORD. And HTJNDKEDS OF OTHER KEFERENCES CAN BE OIVEN III KEaUIBEB. Januaet 28, 1893.] THE GARDENEB8' CHRONICLE. 115 21-OZ. and 16-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in bozes of 100 feet and 2110 feet 8Ujjer. Eagllah Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound, in the country, in quantity. "BEST LINSEED OIL PUTTY." GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, Lead. Glass. Oii.. and Cni.orR MKRrniNTS. 34, St. John Street, West Smithfield, London, E C. Stock Listsanl Prir,--,,n avp!i._Mt on. PI,-.,- .luot.- C'.rontcle. FOR PICTURESQUE ROCKWORK" la GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES, FERNERIES, LAKES, WATERFALLS, &c., also for TERRA COTTA FOUNTAINS, KERBIKG, VASES, *c., try FTJXHAM: & sour, 50, Flnsbury 8q., E.C. RUSSIA MATS. BEDUCTION IN PBICE. BEST, HEAVIEST, and FULL SIZE: ARCHANGEL MATS, 10s. per bundle of ten, or 90.». per 100. NEW TAGANROG MATS, 9ss. per bundle of ten, or TOa. per 100. NEW PETERSBURG MATS, 5s. per bundle of ten, or 15*. per 100. BEST PLAITED RAFFIA FIBRE, fx/. per lb. HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES OF EVERY KIND. Pui'-Ki I'OST-FKKK OS ArPLICATIOX. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 13.5 & 1.37, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E. A Fact wMch should be known, that DEACON'S PATENT LEAD GLAZING is the Best. Cheapest, and Handiest yet in the Market. Easy to Fix. Gold Medal at Manx Eihibition. lg9J. All particulars of G. DEACON, Horticultural Builder, Thrift Street, Northampton. BARB_WIRE. CATALOGUES FREE OK APPLICATTOIf TO The Longford Wire Co. (Limited), WARRINGTON. ^Q^^A^ &; ^3^^^^ STOURBRIDGE, ' PA RAT U J For GREENHOCSES and OTHER BUILDINGS. AUTOMATIC DAMPER FOR GHEEN HOUSES, I Cup Dr. GEORGE WALKER, Inventor of Chrysanthemui Tub'fl. Wimbledon, eays:— "I huve used your Au«< Dnmper for some wwkn. and am perfectly satisfieil with it. A most ingenious and useful invention." Mr. H. J. JONES. Ilither Green. Lewisham. who uses tho Dumper in a ho^e 100 feet lone. '•ays :—" I find this dumper both fuel and labour. and ke«.'p!* the liouse at i en and better temperatu PATENT AUTOMATIC DAMPER CO., 97. FLEET STREET, LONIKIN, K.C, NOW BEADY. HARPE'S ILLUSTRATED 1893. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE I'dst-fri'i' on application to CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED FARMERS AND MERCHANTS, SLEAFORD. WOOD & SON'S SPECIALTIES. ^^ The Celebrated ORCHID PEAT, In Splendid Condition ; unequalled selected square hard Turvea. for Stove Phints. Rich brown fibrous I'eat. for General Use. from 3 6 per sack of 4 bush. RHODODENDRON PEAT, Special Offer, 15.- per ton, F.O.R. Hants. YELLOW FIBROUS LO.\M, superior LEAF SOIL, SPH.iGNUM MOSS, green and fre^h. 2,6 per bush. ORCHID BASKETS, ^s;Lrvt"/aci„rr PRIZE MANURES. Th.' FXHUilr- F.WOIRITE- J_lG Tins, 1,'3; 7 lb.. 2/6; J-ont., 1 Carriage Paid on cwt. au Fruitier. /-; 1 cwt., 19/-. BONES (.jO Tons), J-inch, and Meal. .-p.. ru i,u« I rne..,C'arringePaidtoanyStation. SendStation, ■ liiotatioii by return ; and all other Manures at Market Prices. ^k^ NOW IS THE TIINIE To USF. W. W. & S. CELKllllATED LAWN TENNIS MANURE (Concentrated), 16/- per cwt. W. W. .It S. .SPECIALTIES in OTT A TPvT'Km.Q "^ every de-criplion, made lo OXlAi..' J.i.N vTO order. EKtimateaon application. TIFFANY, NETTING, WADDING, CANVAS, & TWINES. XFAV IMPOh'TAT/OX of Superior WHITE SILKY WOOD WOOL, It^s^^^l W. W. & S, CELEBRATED ELECTRIC WEED DESTROYER (Ihc Mu..t ! ;>1..16 -; i .■essful). Saves M pert 11..28 4; HI gal.. 60/- 10 gal. an 1 upwards. nt. of LalH)ur. Carriage Paid RAFFIA, MATS, & BAMBOO CANES (.tOO.OOl) of all Si«», mack and White). r7> i-V«, Send for NEW CATALOGUE of W. W. & S. ^SSM Specialties— no Gardener .should be without. SILVER and BRONZE MEDALS, and 29 Certificates Awarded to W. WdOU AND SON, F.R.H.S., Contractor* to Her Majesty's Oovernnient, The London County Council, the Royal Parks and Hardens, and the Principal Botanic Gardens in the Country. AiLlress, Chief Office— WOOD GREEN, LONDON. W. WOOD & SON, BOULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. WINTER GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES, AND GARDEN FRAMES in great VARIETY. No. 60. PORTABLE PLANT PRESERVER. No. 7.3. NEW SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME 4 ft. by 6ft. ...£2 14 0H2tt. by6ft. ...£.'111 0 8 It. by 6 ft. ... 4 4 0 | 16 ft. by 6 ft. ...7 4 0 All Frames made of Selected Red Deal, painted three times, and Lights glazed with 21-oz. sheet glass. Surveys made In any part of the Country, LADIES AND GENTLK.MI.N WAITED UPON HI'lOCMAI. Ari'iilNT.MENT. GREENHOUSES GARDEN BOILERS of ALL MAKES and SIZES. IN ALL STYLES. FRAMES in great VARIETY. No. 74. THREE-QUARTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. CiHH Pricks, CARKiiOE Paid. 4 ft. by 6 ft. ... £3 14 8 ft. by 6 ft. ... 4 6 No. 7S. MELON AND CnCUMBER FRAME. Cash Prices. Cakriaqb Paid. t. by 6 ft. ... £4 1 IS t. by 6 ft. ... 6 :i 0 CnCDMBER-FRAME LIGHTS. 6 feet by 4 feet, painted and glazed 14.t. Of^. each. 6 feet by 4 feet, unpainted and unglazed ... 6«. M. ,, Catalogues of all our Manufactures, post-free on application* CARRIAGE PAID on aU Orders of 40b. value to any Goods Station In England and Wales, also to Dublin. Cork, Glasgow, and Edinburgh. 116 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januabt 28, 1893. THE IMPROVED GARDEN GULLY (VINCE'S PATENT). This useful invention is a ^reat improvement on the ordi- nary Garden Grating, and is esuecially suitable for hOlv walkn and drives. As they never get stopped by rubbish or sand they effectually prevent the washing away of Ihe gravel in heavy storms, and they save baU the labour in cleaning out the cesspools. The prices are : — 6-io., Is. 6d. ; 8-in., 2.!. ; 10-in., Zs. ; 12-in., 6s. 6d. 15-in., gs. {Th& larger sizes are very strong for carriage drives,) Full Particulars and Testimonials on application. VINCE & VINE, 68, Chester Road, Upper Holloway, London. N. HILL & SMITH, BB.IEBLEY HILL, STAFFORDSHIRE, And 118. QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON. B.C. NEW PATTEKN TREE GUARD, "l%e Porcupine.'' The mazlmun of utility and the minimum of cost. Constructed of Strong Iron Tp- ghts and Galvanised Barbed Steel Price 10a. 6(1. TESTIMONIAL. "The Whittern. Herefordi-hire. •■ Tec. 28, 1887. ' Deah Sirs,— I have now had an opportunity of trying Ull Z/ y""' Porcupine Tbke iMaHit^ Guards, and they seem quite to answer my pur- pose, so you may send me 50 more as before. I ea- close cheque for your account. Tours truly, RIOHD. GREEN. Hessra. Hill & Smith, BOULTON & PAUL, ''Z'lir NORWICH. The Original and Only Makers of the GENUINE RIVETED TRENTHAM BOILERS With SOLID ENDS. Also— Silvester's patentTrenthatn With Special I'rovision for Cleaning the Inside thoroughly (a Most Important Point). Thebe Boilers, after long ex- perience, have proved them- selves the Most Efficient, Economical, and Lasting Boilers Every other kind of Boilers, Sockets, Flanges, and Expan- BJon- Joint Pipes and Fittings -Pressure Heatiui for all kinds of U "g- FRED SILVESTER & CO., General Engineers, Founders, and Boiler Makere, OASTLB HILL WORKS. NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. BEXD FOB A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Tradf. H. G. SMYTH, 31, GOLDSMITH STREET, DKtTRY LANE. W.C. PORTABLE WOOD and IRON BUILDINGS OF EVER! Desckiption. for Lease hold 1 roperty. Artistic Portable Wood Summer-housefl. Wood Gates, Porcoes, Verandahs, &c. Send for Illust rated Catalogue, FREE ON APPLICATION. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. BFnSTFBtD DI-'ilCN AGENTS WANTED, for the SALE of NATIVE GtlANO. The best and cheapest manure for all Farm and Gard..a Crops.— Tlie NATIVE GlIANO CO.. LIVIITED. 29. New Bridge Street. Blackfriars. London. E.C. To Nurssrymen and Seedsmen. WANTED, the above to TRY SPENCER'S NEW FISH GUANO. Can be used dryer dissolved in water, a special advantage. Analysis, 8 to 12 per cent, ammonia. Addre's. I. SPENCER. Fish Guano Manufacturer, Spring Street, Hull, Yorks. A genuine article, no mixture. c BEE SON'S MANURE.— The best t Fertiliser for all purposes. Demand increaBing weekly. le trial will prove its value. Pure Bones any'size, raw dissolved, 8.5. per cwt. Write for particulars. C. BEESON. The Bone Mills, St. Neofs. Hunt*. KILLMRIGIIT," For Destruction of all Insect Pests and Mildew. ''PilE STOTT DISTRIBUTOR CO. (Lmtd.), a_ Barton House, Manchester. O ISHURST COMPOUND, used since 1850 or lor Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other bhfht ; -i ounces to the gallon of toft water, 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house trees, in lather from cake, for American blight, and as an emulsion when paraflin is used. Has outlived many preparations intended to s.iperfede it. Boxes, Is , 3jt., and 10s. 6d. GISIIURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boias, 6d. and Is. from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. FIR-TREE OIL SOLUBLE INSECTICIDE. The most pleasant and reliable of all insecticides for destroy- ing insejts on plants, animals, and birds. Thousands of testimonials received from all parts of the world. Bottles, Is. 6rf., 2s. M.. is. dd., "is. M.. and 12s. M. ; in bulk, lis. per gallon, with full directions for use. jnnlesale /rom all Horticultural Dealers. E. GEIFFITHS HUQHES, Victoria St., MANCHESTER. NEW YORK-ROLKER and SONS. ORCHID PEAT; Best Quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices of WALKER ANIi CO., Farnborough. Hants. EPPS's --•' peat; For ORCHIDS, STOVE PLANTS, Hardwood do., Fcrrs .-ind Rhndolendrono, by sack, yard ton or truckloid. SPECIAL ORCHID PEAT, in sack only. Rich fibrous LOAM, .-up^rior LKa K-Mt UI.D, Coarse, Cr>stal and Fine SILVER SAND. CHARCOAL, C. N. FIKRE REFUSr' fresh SPHAGNUM, Patent MANURES. FERTILISERS, INSEC- TICIDES,and Hllother Garden Re.|nisites. Peat Moss Litter. Tie Original Peat Depot, RING WOOD, HANTS. RICHARDS^^otedTeAT. Specially sele,l..d and prepared for ORCHIDS, and all other plnnis. ARTIFICIAL MANURES, and GARDEN SUN- DRIES of every .lescr.ption. Please write for a free PRICE LIST. Special (luotations given for any goods, carriage paid, in large or small uuantities. O. H. RICHARDS. Old Shot Tower Wharf, Lambeth, London, S.E. Chief Peat Grounds and Depot, BlNOWoOD, Hast.s. (Andress all letters to London Wharf.) ORCHID peat! PREPARED, ready for use, all fibre, 10s. per sack ; 6 for 47s. ed. SELECTED, in blocks, very fibrous, 8s. per sack ; 6 for ■Ms. »d. SECOND QUALITY, .5s per sack ; 6 for 22s. 6rf. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, for Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and Ferns, 4s. I'er sack. ,5 for 18s. ; and 3s. per sack, 5 for 12s. 6d. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, and FIBROITS LOAM, each I's. 6d. per sack; 5 for 10s. PREPARED POTTING COMPOST, 4s. per tack ; fi tor 18s. All sacks included. Send Postal Order for Sample Sack. Special terms to the Trade. For Price List apply to THE FORESTER, .Toydei} Wood, near Bexley, Kent. PATENT SILICATE MANURE. Dress Your Early Vines with it now. " Maidstone, AugtiM 13, 1892, " We used it on our Vines, and, although we had prepared them with other stimulants last season, we attribute the best crop we have ever had to the use of your JIanure — the berries are grand. " (Signed) GEO. BUNYARD & CO." PRICES IN SACKS, AT WOUKS- 10s. per Cwt.; £2 per J-Ton ; £3 IBs. per ^Ton; £7 per Ton. Address— THE CHEMICAL WORKS, HEMEL HEMPSTEAD, HERTS. EGONOMIGAL-SAFE LASTING USE CLAY'S MANURES \ A V> Having the re- \. ', . 0^"S? spect,ve%rade ^OCMVl. Mark printed on '" I M>iM«k.'^ each packet and -nLONDON(^ bag, and im-INV ^ 1.. pressed on thi .TOR •^ JV lead seal ^f'l I \ y attached to the ' I »-^ mouth- of each TRADE MARK. TRADE MARK. THE ONLY GUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS. Thefe well-known Manures are used by the Leading Growers, Royal Botanic Society, Royal Horticultural Society, Royal Parks. Loudon County Council, throughout the United Kingdom, and in every quarter of the Globe. Sold by Seedsmen. F'orists. and Nurserymen, in 6d. and Is I'ackets, and SEALED BAGS. 7 1b. 14 1b. 281b. 66 1b. 112 1b. Ss. 6d. 4s. ed. 78. 6d. 128. 6d. 208. Or direct from the Works, in Is. PACKETS, Post free, or Bagsof either size. Carnage Paid (as »;iinple), in the United Kingdom for Cash with order as above. Prices and Samples of CRUSHED BONES in Various Sizes on Application. CLAY & SON, Manure Manufacturer?, Bone Crusbers, &;c , TEMPLE MILL LAME, STRATFORD. LONDON, E. BONES! BONES!! BONES!!! Any size from dust to 1 inch. Disbolved Bone Compound, for Top-dressiDg All at 10s. p^T cwt. ; less quantity. )^d. per lb. Carriage paid on 1 c« t. Terms, Cash with Order. Special quotations for large Buyers. K. S. WILES ANi> CO., Bone Crushers, St. Albans. NATIVE GUANO.— Best and Cheapest Man L'hE for Garden rsE. Prii.-e£3 lojt. per ion. in bags. Lota under lU cwt., 4.s. per cwt. ; 1 cwt-, Samp'e Bag, sent Ca' riage Paid toany Stn tion in England, on reoeiptof P. O. for 5s. Extracts from 16th Annual Col ectioo of Reports : — NATIVE GUANO. FOR POTATOS. VEGETABLES. &c. H Bbinkwobth, Potato Grower, Reading, used for Potatoa, Onion-", and Carrots results : — " Very good ; never had better crops." J. Butler. Sittingbouran :— '• Llsed for Pota*o, Celery, and other Market Garden Crops, with very gx)d resultd; I'oiatos large, clean, and free from disease. Best aud Cheapest Manure in the Market." NATIVE GUANO, for FRUIT, ROSES. TOMATOS. &c. J. Peed & Sons. Streatham, used for Fruit Trees and Roses, results: — "Very tati^faciory ; we use no other Guano now; consider yours preferable to Peruvian." J. Finch. Orrell Gardens;—" Used for Vegetables, Tomatos, Grapes. Cucumbprs. and Flowers, with satisfactory results. Mi-at exi^fllent for Potalos. and many other things. The Cheapebt Manure in the Market." Orders to the Native Guano Co., Ltd., 29. New Bridge street. Blackfriara. London, where Pamphlet of TeBtimonialB, &c., may be obtained, AGRNT3 WANTED, Januaev 2-!, 1S93.J TBE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 117 HORTICULTURAL SHADINGS, NETTINGS. TIFFANY. WADDINGS, COTTON WOOL for Packing Flowers, CANVAS, TWINES, &c., supplied wholesale by JOSEPH COOKSON, 21. New Cannon Street, Manchester inA GARDEN LIGHTS, 6 by 4 feet, lUV strong framewori, 3 by 2 inches thick, with iron bar across and painted, 3s. id. each. If glazed with 21-oz. glass, JrbTeach Also New SPAN-ROOF GREENHOUSE. .V) by 10 feet, with glass side-lights, to fit on Brickwork. iDcluding 21 oz. glass and staging, £18. Carriage piid. D. HORROCKS. Tyldesley. Manchester. WARE and S O N S' ABEXH. FLOWER POTS ■»-- THE SUSSEX POTTERY JVORKS, VCKFIELD. Quotations given for quantities. Carriage paid to any The Beat Eaiiway Station. are Cheapest. S A MPLES and LISTS FREE. Crat«a packed. BOULTON & PAUL, "tS." NORWICH. WROUGHT -IRON ASHES or OFFAL BARROW, Garden Barrow & Cinder Sifter combined. CxsH Price. Painted 30'- Body galvanised ... extra 7/6 If fitted with registered Cinder Sifter 5- Portable Sanitary Duat- Blna and Swing Barrows. fend for Illustrated CATALOOI'E, post-free on application. Greenhouses, Forclng-Hoases, Vineries, Frames, &c, HAWKINS' "PERFECTION," or DRY SYSTEM of GLAZING is the best. No skilled labour lequired to fix U ass or Paint, no Exit of Hot Air, no Drip and much cheaper than any other. Sample double frame, b feet by 6 feet, with 2 Lights, painted 3 coats and glazed, for 45s. Note the marvellously low price for the following sub- stantially conctructed Houses— ICO feet by 16 feet. £80 ; 6Ufeet by 16 feet. £t!0; 25 feet by 10 feet. £J7. Several Second-hand Houses very cheap ; 1000 extra strong lights. 6 feet by 4 feet, painted and glazed. £7 I er dozen, worth double ; less for large quantity. Do not build Glasshouses without first getting esti- mate (free) from " HAWKI.NS." Horticultural Builder, Ai-hford, Middlesex. •'FRICIDOMO' CANVAS. Made of prepared Ilair and Wool, a perfect protection to all Plantr& Blooms. Cheaper than any kind of mat, and will last for years. To be had from all Nursery- men and Si-edsmen. For price list a particulars Address*' BENJAMINPDGINGTON THE FRUIT GARDEN of the UNIVERSE. —THE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION COLONIES (Chatfey Brothers), established and regulated by Government. OFFER an enjoyable life and OCCUPATION, a sunny and ■alubnouB climate, and most highly remunerative returns to Cultivators with small or large capital ; pamphlet free. CHAFFEY BROTHERS, Limited, 3S, Queen Victoria Street, London. E.G. J. E. M. Vincent, Chief Commissioner. ESTIBLLSHKD 1851. BIRKBECK BANK, SOUTHAMI'TON BUILDINGS, CHINCEHY La.NE, W.C. THREE per CENT. INTEREST aUowed on DEPOSITS repayable 00 demand. TWO per Cent. on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, on the minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS and SHARKS purchased and sold. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on dejiosit, and allows interest, at the rate of THREE PER CENT, per annum, on each completed £1. BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY HOW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH. BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND S0CIET7. HOW TCI I'l'KCHAsE A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post- fn>e. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. BREAKFAST-SUPPER E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA BOILING WATER OR MILK. Boroagb of Chesterfield. THE PARKS COMMITTEE are prepared to receive applications for the post of WORKING GAR- DENER and CARET.AKER at the Queen's Park. The wages will be 25*. per week, with hou e rent and rates free. Applicants mu-t be practical Gardeners, and have some knowledge of Landscape Gardening. Applications, with a recent testimonial, to be sent to the undersigned on or before Februarv 6 next, endorsed, '* Queen's Park Caretaker." JNO. MIDDLETON, Town Clerk. Town Clerk's Office, January 2-i. 1593. 1^7^ ANTED, a Person Calling upon Seeds- T » men and FlorisU. to Introduce a NEW ARTICLE, on Commission. — Apply, by letter, to HORTICULTURAL, Deacon's Advertising Office, Leadenhall Street, E C. ANTED, a BEAD AVORKING GAR- DEXER. age from30to4'l. Three Under-Gardenera kept. Must thoroughly understand his business in all its branches, and have been in a similar situation. Wages. £30 a year, with lodge (three rooms only), gas. water, and vege- tables.—Apply by letter only, with fullest particulars (no other will meet with attention), to G. R., Nascott House, Watford. ANTED, a HEAD WORKING OAR- DENER and GENERAL FOREMAN, experienced in Orchard-house of Cordon Trees, also in Wall Fruit, Grapes. Melons. Cucumbers. Chrysanthemums, Ferns and Flowers Teetotaler preferred. Wife to attend to Dairy and Poultry. —Apply by letter only, in the hn.t instance, stating length of previous services, and what he has had charge of. also how many children, if any. to Mr. A. DUNCAN, Holbrook, Chis ehurst, Kent. WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER, with occasional help.— Must be experienced Indoors and Out. Flower". Fruit, a. d Vegeitbles. To live in thiee-roomed cottage on premises One cow to attend to.— Apvily. letter only, with full pirticulars. exjierience, age. wages. Ac. H. W . Mr. Barter's, high Street. .Mitcham. WANTED, a respectable young MAN, as SINGLE-HANDED GARDENER, to live in the house, one w ho understands a Kitchen Garden and ordinary Flowers. Church of England. Wages £.'0 and washing. Preference given to total abstain. ir. Apply or write.— A. S., Clifton Down, Lee Road. Bliickheath. S.E. WANTED, a GARDENER, to Grow Cucum- bers. Tomatos. &c.. for Market in House, and Frames. Mu t be a pushing man, sober, and steady. — Apply, stating wages, references, ic , to JOSEPH COCK, Buthwick, Worcester. ANTBC, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER. Must understand Glass. Flowers. Fruit, and Vegetables.'aiid able to Mow Lawn. Wages 215. per week, with good Hou-e and Gur.len. with Milk.— Apply, Mr. JAMES Tl'CKER. New House, near Cardiff. ANTl';i), a Strong reliable Man, as GAR- DENER.— Must understand .Management of Hees. and General Routine of Garden. Married, without encumbrance; WifewillingtoAsiistin House-work.— A ply to H. CANNELL iSD SONS. Swanley. Kent. ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER. married, for Glass and large Garden. Groom assists. — Apply by letter, stating age. experience, wages asked, with copies of t«8timonials, WeoniDgton House, near Kainhain. WANTED, a good all-round MAN, as GAR- DKNEK. where another is kept.-.Must iindersti.i..l Vines. Hot home, and Outdoor Work generally. Also bo able to Milk. Wages £1 HIS. ver week— Apply by letter, A. W. FAIRFIELD. Eltham Road, Lee w vv ANTKl), as UNDER GA.RI)ENP:K, a rtcd MAN (without family). Must b« t'xp-nencpd in IniloorantI Outdoor Qanlenine: will be required 10 Milk and tjike charge of Cows, Ac. Wife must be a good Laundress Wng."*. -ilt. per wc«;k. with loouiig Man as Assistant Stoker. Applicant must be used to this kind of work. Wages. 2U.*. per week, and all overtime. Both situations are constant — Apply by letter to HORTUS. Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. WANTED, a steady MAN, well acquainted with Hardy Plants and Alpines and their Propagation, and a fair knowledge of ordinary Gr-enhouse and Stove Plants. and ir*'iieral Garden Work. Must have good references as to character and abilities. State wages required to Mr. W. THOMPSON. Seedi-muu. Ipswich. ANTED, a young MAN, with a fair ex[}erience of Growing for Market, and tn tiike charge of the place OC^nsionnlly —Apply, stnting full rnr- iicularsand wages required, to I... Gardentn" CAronicie Office, 41, Wellingtoo Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, active and experienced young MAN, as Soft-wooded PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Pot Plants for Market only (Chrysanthemums a specialty), under Foreman. Good House on Preiiises. Permanent situa- tion to suitable man. Stite wages required with reference. — G. A. WILLIAMSON, Bloomsbury Nursery, Timperley, Man- chester. WANTED, a young MAN, well-up in Grow- ing for Market. Grapes, Tomato', Cucumbers, .Mush- rooms. Chrysanthemums, Ferns, &c.— Apply, MACINTOSH, 8, Warwick Square, Cariisle. ANTED, a good NURSERY HAND. Must be able to Bud and Graft, and attend to the Planting of young stock.— State wages and particulars to CHARLES RYLANCE, Bold Lane Nursery, Aughton, near Ormskirk. WANTED, MEN, in a large Market Nursery, with a knowledge of Cucumber. Tomato, and Grape growing. Wages commencing £1 per week.— Apply, stating age and experience, to GliIVER BROS, and LAWSON, Durant's Nurseries. Ponder's End, Middlesex, w WANTED, a JOURNEYMAN, for the Plant Houses; one not afraid of work. Wages, \6s. per week. Bothy.— GEO. LEWIS. Forton Hull. Derby. ANTED, for the Houses, a strong active joung MAN. state experience.— HEAD GARDENER, Harestone. Caterham Valley. WANTED;~IMTieDIATELY. an Toti7e \oung MAN for the Houses —Apply, stating wages required and all particulars, to McRONAUB, Nurseryman. Chichester. WANTED, a young MAN used to Roses and Tomatos ; mu-t be a gooil worker ; expected to attend Market occasio ally. Wages £1 to commeuce. Permanent situation to suitable person.— J. M. GIBSON, Halifax Road, Ainsdale, Lancashire. Seed Trade. WANTED, a SECOND COUNTER-HAND, who understands Flower and Vegetable Seeds. Nursery Stuff, and General Trade.— Apply, by letter, to THOS. Mckenzie axd sons, Ltd., Great Brunswick St.. Dublin. WANTED, an UNDER SHOPMAN ;^l3i INVOICE CLERK, for Wholesale Trade —Apply with full particulars and length of experience, with sslury, to WATKINSiNi) SIMPSON, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a respectable YOUTH, as IMPROVER, to live in bothy. Age about \b. One who is really anxious to learn the profession.— State full par- ticulars to F. BECKETT. The Gardens, Aldenham House. Elstree, Herts. w ANTED, a young MAN, used to Florists* Nursery-work. Good character indispensable. Ab- stainer preferred.— Apply, stnting wages, to K. C. CARNALL, K>t*tex Roa«i Nursery, Belgruve, Leicester. WANTED, a JOUKNEVMAN, for the Houw!j. under a Forennn.— Age 21 ; wages \U. per week. Bothy, Vegetables, and Milk.— apply, W. WENMAN, Uickleton. I)onciiater. WANTED, a young MAN, at ONCE, for Market Nursery, quick and neat in his work.— Apply, stating age. references, and wages required, to G. MESSER, Hyde 31,1.- Nursery. Lower Edmonton, N. WA N T' I'] I ), a young MAN, as ASSISTANT, in a General Reuil Seed, Nursery ami Flo'ists' Business, in the Midlands.— Wages and full particulars to X. Y. 7... Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, 41, Wellington Stiool, Strand, W.C. Shopman.- Seed Trade. WANTED AT ONCE, a young MAN to take Oharne of Garden Seed Department, andAisiat in Offiee.-A. PKircHARD, Abinj^don. WANT PLACES. TO OAKBENEKS AND OTHERS SEEKING SITUATIONS. The jmasure ujjoh ukt sjiure at I/iid sensan of the year is so great, we are competlnl to state that advertisements received after G P.M. on Wednesday will, in alt jjrobahility, be held over to the next iveek. that with RICHARD SMITH and CO beg to announce that they are constantly applications from Gardeners seeking situations. they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentle particulars. &c.— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-BaUlffs, Foresters, Ice. DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thorojtghly practical at their busi- ness. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address— •• DICKSONS. Chester." GAKDENERS. — Our complete and extensive register of GARDENERS OPEN FOR ENGAGEMENT is at the service of any Lady or Gentleman wishing to secure the serrii esof trustworthy reliable men.— DICKSONS Ami CO., 1 , Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. Established over a Ceotur j. 118 THE GARDENERS' GHRONl CLE. [Januaby 28, 1893. FS A N D E K AND CO. can recommend • several highly qualified and energetic HEAD and UNDER GARDKNERS. of excellent character, and proved ability; men thoroughly fitted for all the various duties of their profession. For all particulars, please apply to — F. SANDER AND CO.. St. Albans. GARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— J. Dumble, Gardener to Sir Charles Philippa. Bart., Picton Castle, Haverfordwest, is desirous of recommending his General Fore- man, H. Butcher, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly competent man. He has a good knowledge of the different branches of Gardeniog, is -well acquainted with the Cultivation of Fruit (Indoorand Out). Flowers and Vegetables, is also a good hand at Table Decorations. GARDENER (Head).— W. B. Fisher, Gar- dener to the Earl Cawdor, Stackpole Court, Pembroke, ■will be pleased to recommend Charles Davis to any Lady or Gentleman who is in want of a first-class man. GARDENER (Head), where three or four are kept.— Age 33, married, no family. Eighteen years' experience. Six vears' good character. Vines, Cucumbers, Melons. Flower and Kitchen Garden.— GEO. GOODSELL, The Gardens, Hazelwood, Morden, Surrey. GARDENER (Head), or good All-ronnd Place, — Age 33. married, two children, youngest four years; eighteen years' experience in Gardening in all its branches. Good character, J. L., 15, Springbridge Road, Ealing, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head). — Mr. L. Spencer, Goodrich Court Gardens, Ross. Herefordshire, can with confidence recommend his Foreman (W. Davis) to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are k^pt ; married, withoiit incumbrance. — Owing to the death of T. L. Bristowe, M.P., Mrs. Bkistowe can highly recommend her Head Gardener, who has been with her for fourt een years, as a good practical working Gardener. Has had charge of Vineries. Peach Houses, Stove and Greenhouses, &c.— G. GREEN, The Lodge, Dulwich Hill House, Denmark Hill. ARDENER (Head).— Age 44, married; thoroughly practical and conversant with the require- ments of a good establidhraent. Ten years' character from last employer.— H. COOK, Box Hill, Dorking. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept. — Age 26. married ; good knowledge of the profession in its various branches. Can be well recom- mended from present and previous employers. — G. D., f», Lydia Villas, Upton Road, Hounslow, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head).— Edward Smith, for the last four and a half years Gardener to W. H. Crab- tree. Esq., is at liberty to engage with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a practical man. Twenty-two years' experience in Early and Late Forcing, and the General Routine of large Gardens. First-class refererce. Age 3S. married, no family.— GARDENER, IJurnage Hall, Levenshulire, Man- chester. ARDENER (Head); age 30, single at present. —Mr. T. Pritchard, Head Gardener and Forester to G. F. Muntz. Esq., Umberslade Hall. Hocklev Heath, near Birmingham, can with confidence recommend his Foreman. William Abbey, to any Lady or Gentleman re(iuiriDg a thoroughly experienced, competent man. Four years in present situation. Highest testimonials from four previous situations as to being elTicient in all branches of the profession, and personal character. GARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— Mr. Beard, steward, Champney. Tring, isdesiron'i of recommending an experienced man to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a gool Head Gardener, and one who can under- take the Management of Land and Stock if required. Excellent testimonials.— Address as above. GARDENER (Head), or where help is given. —Age 23, single; eight years* experience. Vines, Peaches, Eucharis. • Tomatos. Chrysanthemums. Highest teytimoniala.- ALMQVD, Udimore, Rye, Sussex. ARDENER (Head), or good Second.— Age 29 ; thoroughly experienced. West of England preferred. Good testimonial from last situation. — A. M., Mrs. Tackley, Albion Road, St. Albans, Hert?. GARDENER (Head>— Age 37, married; eight vears' testimonial as Head from last place. Suc- cessful in Forced Fruits. Vegetables and Flowers. Good Grower of Orchids and Chryf-aQthemums. Willing to take plac-i! at home or abroad. Fluent French and Italian —G , E. Archer. Boleyn Nursery. Upton Park, Forest Gate, E. ARDENER (Head), or ORCHID GROWER.--Age 2S, married.no family. Well up iu Stove. Greenhouse, Fruit, and Floral Decorations, and General Routine of Garden. Good characters. —W. J., 3,Pownall Road, Fulham. GARDENER (Head) ; age 31.— Mr. Rugoins, Head Gardener and Steward to Lord Annaly, wishti to recommend his General Foreman ; life experience in all branches ; previously General Foreman at Harewood House and Brockleiby Park.— Particulars to LIDDIARD, Woodlands Castle, Clonsilla, co. Dublin. GARDENER (H e a d).— Thoroughly industrious, trustworthy, and sober. Thorough good grower, and experienced in all bratuhes of a first-class Establishment.— H, H., 88. Beulah Riad, Thornton Heath. GARDENER (Head) ; middle age, married, one boy. — Advertiser is open to an engagement where the services of a good all-round practical Man are required. Excellent testimonials, and reference to high garden autho- rities.—W. S-, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married; thoroughly competent to manage good general place. Highly recommended Fire and a half years present place.— C. HARVEY. Lockerley Hall Gnrdens. Eomsey, Hants. ARDENEK (Head Wokking) ; age 26. H. North, gardener to Lawson Tait, Esq , Burkett Fletchwood, Lynrfhurstroad. Hants, wishes to xecommend his Foreman. V.' Dalliraore, to any Lady or Gentleman requir- ing a practical trustworthy man. Good testimnials from pre- vious employer?. ARDENEll (Head Working). — Mrs. C. a. H. Lo>Tt, Dolforgan, Exmouth, will be pleased to recommend Waller Wait as a thorougli all-round Head Working Gardener, who has been for the past two years Head Gardener to her late father, and left entirely through a ; married, no family; good experience in all branches ; first-class references. — Jli. MARINES, 38, Caroline Place. Bayswater. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed), where help is given.— Age 25, single; good experience in Glass, Flower and Kit-cheu Garden, Good character, — A. D., Prospect. Pewsey, Wilts. C^ ARDENER (Second), where three or four A are kept. — A Head Gardener wishes to recommend Advertiser as a hard-working man. Eight years' experience. —H.MARSHALL, Box, Wilts. GARDENER (Second), or FOREMAN.— Age 2.5 : eleven years' experience. Harmonium player and part singer. Good references. — G. N., Garde>ters' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. GARDENER (Second), where fonr or five are kept. — Age 22; two years' g.jod character from present place. —WILLIAM LEACH, The Gardens, Ickworth Park, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. GARDENER (Second).- Age 25; good knowledge of work. Inside and Out. Excellent character. —A. P., The Gardens, Ulcombe Place, Staplehurst, Kent. ARDENER (Under), mostly Inside.— Age 21 ; seven years' experience. Over two years' good character from preient place. Near London preferred. — J. ROBERTS, 3, George Cottages, Market Place, East Finchley, N, GARDENER (Under). — Age 23 ; nine years experienc *. Over two years in last place. — For further particulars and reference, apply to H. TITLEY, Hainton, icoln. GARDENER (Under).— Situation wanted, by a young man (age 19). as IMPROVER. Two years' good character. Total abstainer.- F. BaLDOCK, Tyler Hill, Blean, near Canterbury, Kent. ARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.— Good reference. -S. PEABCK, 11, Lion Terrace, Bemish Road, Putney, S.W. /"GARDENER (Undkb).— Age 19. Four years vJX good character. Has had experience Indoors and Out. — C. S. NEWSOME, Post-OHioe, Thrybergh, Yorks. Fruit Growers, &c., for Market. MANAGER. — Advertiser, lifetime experience, open to engagement as above. Well up in Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Mushrooms, Eo^es, Chrysanthemums, Carnations, Palms, Ferns. Cut Flowers, &c. Good references. — GROWER, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. MANAGER, with an option of Purchasing or Taking the Business on Lei-e.- Wanted a place in good Florist's Shop or small Nursery as above.— Apply to H, F., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington St.. Strand, W.C. Seed Trade. TRAVELLER or MANAGER.— The Adver- tiser seeks engagement aa above. London House pre- ferred. Twenty years' experience. Weil-known in the Trade Highest references.-J. G. T .. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. RAVELLER.— Wanted by a young Man, employment as Traveller, or in any position of Trust, where a thorough knowledge of the Wholesale Cut-tlower Trade, and a goad connection amongst Provincial Florists would be advantageous. Highest references.— ENERGY. Gar- deners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. F^OREMAN and GROWER,— Age 27 ; life ex- perienceingrowiog Roses, Ferns, Palms, Fruit, and general Soft-wooded Stuff. First-class references.— H. WILLIAMS, Ivy Cottage, Halfway Street, Sidcup. Kent. FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a good small Establishment, or JOURNEY.MAN (FniST) in large.— Age ^h Five years Gunton Park, aho Mentmore anti Clumber, Excellent references.— F. OCLEE. Manlden, Ampthill. Beds. FOREMAN in the Houses.— Age 24 ; well experienced in Fruit and Plant Culture ; also Deco- rating. Good references. — G. P., 84A, Broughton Road, Walham Green, London, W. To Niiraerymen. FOREMAN, PROPAGAT(.)R,and GROWER, of good abilities.— GROWER, Mrs. Collins, High Street Cheshuut, Herts, Januabx 28, 1893 ] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 119 FOREMAN.— Age 26 ; twelve years' practical experience in all the branches of Gardening, incluiiing Orchids and House Decorations. Good testimonials.— A. B., 40, Ebury Road. Watford. Herts. __^_ FOREMAN, in the Houses; married. — Mr. HUTT, The Gardens, Eywood. Titley, Herefordshire, can thoroughly recommend John Keen to any Gardener requiring a first-class Man as above. FOREMAN, where three or more are em- ployed, in the Houses.— -ige 2i ; highest reference from present situation.— G. J.. Branston Hall Gardens. Lincoln^ F^^REMANTor JOURNEYMAN (First), in a large E-tablishment ; age 21 —Mr. Stevens Head Gar- dener. SUnage Park, Brampton Bryan, Herefordshire, can highly recommend W. Griffiths as above. Eight years' expe- rience; good te^-timooials. FOREMAN, in the Houses, or good Second. — Age 26; good character.— S. B., Wormley Post Office, Herts. OREMAN (Inside), in first-class Establish- ment.— Age28; fourteen years' experience, six as Fore- man in good places. Highest tes'.imonials, — H. JONES, Harrow Weald Park. Stanmore. OREMAN ; age 26.— Walter Batchelob seeks a situation in a first-class establishment. Twelve years' experience. Three years in present situation. Highly Tecommendetl from present and previous employers.— Bretby Park Gardens, Burton-on-Trent. FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses. — Age 23; seven years' good experience. Good character. Two years in present place.— E. JOKES, The Gardens. Orton Hall. Petertiorough. FOREMAN, in good Establishment.- Age 25 ; married when suiud. Twelve years' experience in all branches. Good references.- A. WELCER. Holmwood Park, Dorking. Surrey. FOREMAN (Inside). — Age 27 ; eleven years' experience. Four years in present and previous places as Foreman. Can be highly recommended. — W. MAUTIS, Frognal Gardens. Foots Cray. Kent. FOREMAN. — Age 29; two years in present situation.- F. B., The Gardens. Selsdoa Park, Croydon, Surrey. FOREMAN (Inside, or General), in a good establishment.— Age 26; over two years Foreman in present situation. Eleven years' experience. South preferred. — RAY.'klENT. Copt Hill. Kpping. Essex. OREMAN.— Age 2!1 ; well up in Fruit, Stove and Greenhouse Work. Gooil references as Foreman. — CLARKE, Mr. Sapsford, Eleanor Road, Waltbum Cross. Herts. FOREMAN (age 26), where not less than four are emjiloyed in the Houses. Highest possible references. — E. H.. Branston Hull Gardens. Lincoln. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER (Soft-wood).— Ke-engagement by a young Man. Eleven years' experience in Market and other Nurseries.- R. H., 5, Aylesbury Road, Bromley. Kent. FOREMAN. — Age 27 : twelve years' experience in Vines. Pines. Orchids. Slove and Gr.-enhouse Plants. Melons. House and Table Decorations, ice— D. T. N., Mr. Allison. 2, Green End Koad, Boxmoor. OREMAN (Inside, orncieneral).- Age~27. First-class experience in good places. Well recommended. — W. D.. Northridge Lodge. Boxmoor. Herts. FOREMAN, in a good Establishment ; age 26. —Mr. W. MINCIIKH. Barrow Court Gardens. Flax Bourton. Bristol, can confidently recommend A. Waters as above. Has been with him seven years, lost two and a half years as Foreman. FOREMAN.— Age 27; thirteen years' ex- perience. Good references.— H. D., 42, Main Street, Stapenhill, Burton on-Trent. FOREMAN, in good establishment.- Age 26 ; two years in present situation, and two years Foreman at Wrexham Paik. Slough— HARRY FOX, Caversham Park Gardens, Reading. To Narserymen and Market Growers. FOREMAN.— .\ge 32, married ; thoroughly practical in all branches of the profession. Excellent character from present and previous employers. — FRANCIS, 26. Albert Road. I'enge. "POREMAN (Indoors). — Married ; twenty -I- years' practical experience in producing large (|iiantities of Cut Flow ers and Plants for Market. Wreaths. &c. Excellent references.- FOREMAN, 14, Hartfield Crescent. Wimbledon. J'^OURNEYMAN, Inside.— Ag^i~22 ; ~8e\^en yejrs' experience. Good references.— O. WIIY.MAN. The Gardens, Harefield Grove, Uxbridge, Middlesex. OURNEYAIAN (Inside), in a goodEstablish- ment.— C. Blick. Head Gardener. The Warren. Hayes Common. Kent, can highly recommend Frederick Adams as above. Five years' practical experience. JOURNEYAIAN, in the Houses.— Age 21^ seven years' experience, five at Syon House, nearly two yearsin present situation. Excellent character.— B. DRUCE, Temple House Gardens, Great Marlow, Bucks. JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Inside and Out, under a Foreman; age 22.— G. NORRIS. Head Gar- dener. Stone Park, Greenhithe, would be pleased to recommend G. Smith, who has been with him two years and nine months, to any Gardener requiring a steady, obliging, and respectable young man. as above. OURNEY'MAN (Second), in the Houses. —Age IS; four years' experience inside and Out. Good character.-S. TKOTr, Yew TreeCjttigi. Crawley. Sussii. I JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; seven years* experience. Mr. J. Gray will be pleased to recommend F. Rowe as above. Abstainer.— Bodorgan Gardens, Bodorgan. B.S.O,. Anglesey. N. Wales. JOURNEYMAN. — Age 24; seven years' experience in England, France, and Belgium, requires situation near London.— J., Mrs. Ware, Beulah Road, N., Thornton Heath. JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out.— Age 20; strong and willing. Four years' gjod character. — GARDENER, Monetoa, Bideford, N. Devon. JOURNEYM.^N. — Seven years' experience. Excellent references and character.— A. COTTRELL. Croome Court. Seveme Stoke, Worcester. JOURNEYMAN (First).— Age 23; eight years' experience in good Gardens ; well up in Plant and Fruit Growing. Can be highly recommended.— J. GILES. Eastwell Park Gardens, Ashford.Kent. OURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, under Foreman.— Age 23; three and a half years in present situation. Bothy.— W. CRAVEN. Littly Dalby Hall Gardens. Melton Mowbray. JOURNEYMAN, in tHe Houses.- Age^24 ; nine years' experience in good Gardens. Good refer- ences.- O. LEWIS. Packiogton. Coventry. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good establish- ment ; age 24. -J. Atki.vson. Gardener. Matten Hall. -Tyne. can witli confidence recommend T. Haggitt above. Nil JOURNEYMAN.— Mr.G.FuLFORD, Trafalgar, Salisbury, will be pleased to recommend Walter Smith. as above, for ^Inside and Out, or for Flower Garden and Pleasure Grounds. OURNEYMAN (First or Second), in a large establishment. — Age 22; seven yeire" experience iQ Fruit nnition is alone the cause of the depression. Holloway's Pills can be honestly recommende*! for regulating a disordered stomach and im- proving digestion. They entirely remove the sense of fulneas and oppression after eating. They clear the furred tongne, and act as a wholesome stimulant to the liver, and as a g.'ntle aperient to the bowels. They healthfully rouse both body and mind. Holloway's Pills are the best-known antidotes for want of appetite, nausea flatulency, heartburn, hiiigour, depression, and that apathy so characteristic of chroaio derangement of the digestion. 120 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 28, 189J KENT; THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND. And MAIDSTONE, for MODERN FRUIT CULTURE. 40 ACRES (iK CONIFERS, EVERGREENS, ROSES, TREES, AND SHRUBS. BESIDES THE FRUITS. THE FRUIT TREES are unequalled for extent, vigour, and modern scientific culture. FREE FROM BLIGHT From every Couuty express entire satisfaction with the examples sent them, and continue to buy. ILLUSTRATED FliUIT CATALOGUE. 50 pages. Qd; poU free. FRUIT TREES (A SPECIALTY). WELL CULTIVATED 1 WELL SELECTED : WELL PACKED \ WELL "DONE": WELL trained: WELL and TRULY NAMED: WELL RIPENED : WELL LIFTED : WELL SHIFTED! For Liberal Terms, Discounts, and Free Carriage, consult above List. Every Gardener and all interested in Fruit Culture, should come and see the Nurseries, specially August to November. Repeat theii- .Orders, and enlarge them, because our well - ripened Trees suit their soil and climate, and produce marvellous Fruit. Write expressing surprise at our careful Packing, and are astonished at the fibrous roots the Maidstone Trees carry. NEW CULTURAL NOTES ON LEADING FRUITS FOB AMATEURS. JUST PUBLISHED, Is., Post-frbk. SPECIAL LIST FOR MARKET GROWERS, FREE. TBE FOLLOWING LISTS FREE— GENERAL SEED CATALOGUE, HERBACEOUS and SPRING LIST. ROSE AND BULB CATALOGUE, and DESCRIPTIVE CONIFER & SHRUB LIST^ GEORGE BUNYARD and COMPANY, PRACTICAL. POMOLOGISTS, &c., MAIDSTONE. Editorial coc Printed for ABTHUB IJEOBGE 1 .■ k ij >,. .i.i,„..H .o fh» "Prtitnr-" AdvprtiBpmenti. and BusineBS Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office. 41. Wellington Street. Covent Garden, London. W.C. No. 319.— Vol. XIII. { J,";,"," } SATUEDAY, FEBEUAEY 4, 1893. JRegt, as a Newspaper. \ PRICE 3d« [with supplement.J Post free, SJrf. CONTENTS. Allamanda Williatnsii ... Apple!), American and British Book*4, notices of — A Text Book of Tropi- cal Agriculture The Feros of South Africa Cuinas Carrjt. monstroHity of the floweret Ihi' Chryaaotbemums Coffee cultivation Uorriiior at St, Albana ... Crinum pedunculatum... Crotolaria juncea Cypress, a new variety of Lawson's 1 Dractenojuis australis ,.. 1 Flowers und. and bs. e»ch, post-free. CHARTERS' CROWN JEWELS BEGONIA. \J A Customer writes :— " I never saw anything like them in my experience over 2h years." In Sealed Packets, price I.!. 6rf., 2s. M., and hs. each, post-free. CARTEnBVSeeilsmen by Royal A\'arrantslo H.M. The IJueen and H.R.H. the plince of Wales. 237 and 2«). HIGH LONDON. LONDON, W.C. c EBtabUshed 1810. S M A N, " XT A R T L A N D," S k k d J-X Patrick Street, Cork, Ireland. Write for " YEAR BOOK of RARE SEEDS for 1893.' Tomatos and Daffodils a great fejiture in this establishmei c JOHN WATERER and SONS, Limited, American Nursery. Hagshot. call attention to their large Stock of HARDY RHODODKNDRONS of finest named torts &c. ; CONIFERS, EVERGREENS, and all HARDY SHRUBS at low prices. A R N A T I O N S.— Finest border si^ts. Well established Plants at very moderate prices. DICKSONS hURSERIES, CHESTER. FOR SALE, GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 1841 to 1852 inclusive. Good copies, half-bound. Adver- tiser will close with first reasonable offer. Purchaser to pay oarriage.— Address WILKINSON. Gardauri' CAronic/e Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. WANTED, completesetof the "BOTANICAL MAGAZINE," or any part thereof, and other BO- TANICAL WORKS. Address- A. BLANC AND CO., Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A., Dealers in Cacti, Bulbs. &c. Electrotypes. WANTED, strong, healthy, well-grown Specimen Plants of ANTHURIU.'VI SCHERZERI- ANUM. State size and price to No. 10, M. R. Silberrad & Son, 25, Savage Gardens, Crulched Friars, London, E.G. ANTED, Large PALMS ^iid DRA- C.KSAS. over 6 f^et hiifh. Particulars to— GEORGE PHIPPEN, The Nurseries, Reading. w w ANTED, TUBERS of BEGONIAS in EXCHANGE for DENDKIlIilUMS NOBILE. J. EARLE, Shaw House, Newbury, Berks. \.NTED, a few Thousand MANETTI STOCKS. 0. LINOE, Chambery, Hampton, Middlesex. WANTED, healthy well-grown SPECIMEN TREE FERNS, stems not less than !, feet high, Dalantium (Dicksonia) antarcticum excepted. Particulars and price to No. 2.S, M. R. Silberrad & Co., 25, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, London, E.C. w ANTED, CARNATION CUTTINGS, Winter Cheer and Mrs. Moore. Lowest price per 100 to W. HOLDER. Staunton Harold, Ashby de la Zouch. ANTED, Four large Plants of AGAVE AMERICANA VARIEGATA, Twelve good Plants of AGAVE APPLANATA, and Twelve large Plants of ALOE AFRICAKA.— Please (]iiote descriptions and lowest prices to — SANDER ANU C'K, St. Albans. SUTTONS' PRIMULAS.— The Best Strain in existence. Price of Seed, 2s. M. to 5s. per Packet, post-free. SUTTONS' CINERARIAS.— Large Flowers ami Lovely Colours. Price of Seed, '2s. ^d. and 55. per packet, post-free. SUTTONS' GLOXINIAS.— The Prize Flowers of the Season. Seed from these. 2s. 6(f. and 5s. per Packet, post-free. SUTTONS' SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON AND SONS, THE QUEKN'3 SEEDSMEN. READING. HUMEA ELE(JANS, HUMEA ELEGANS, Eoglifh-saved S'eed. Germination guaranteed. Per Packet, Is.. Post free. B. S. WILLIAMS AND SON, Victoria and Paradise Nur- series, tTjiper Holloway, London, N. \ \ IS'S^ BEG0"nIAS. — Only the best. The best in (|uality; the best tubers; the largest and best Collection. The be^t Catalogue published, sent free. B, R. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Somerset. HBRIDDEN begs to tender his most • SINCERE THANKS to all those who were kind enough to VOTE FOR HIM at the Recent Election of the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution, January 24, 189^, OMATO PLANTS, strong and healthy. Sutton's Perfection, true, length IG inclien. '■POMATO PLANTS, 2«, per dozen, post-free. -1- Special ijiioiations for larger ijiiaiitities. OAKIlESKU. Tliini,i.-r..lcy Ho.ise, llnin,l.Ts]i-y, Essex. New Roses.- Princess May and Corlnna. WM. PAUL AND SON are now Booking Orders for the above. Plants, IDs. %d. each, are expected to be ready at the end of May. Orders will be executed in rotation as received. PAULS' NURSKHIK.S, Walt ham Crosa^ert". ERLIN LILY OK THE VALLEY for Forcing, quality unsurpassed in the Trade, .3.5j. per 1000, 4s. per 100. LILIU.M AUKATUM, direct importation from Japan, 30s. per 100 ; 5s. per dozen. WALSHAW AND SON, Scarborough. To the Trade. IMPORTANT NOl'K'l';. When yon are in London, it will bo well \\or(h your time to puy a visit to Albert Nurseries, Peckham Kye, S.E. ; or Fleet. Hants. Y'ou can make your notes, and have n business look round, combined with an outing ; you will not be worried to order. E. D. SHUTTLKWORTH AND CO., Ltd. Awarded Silver-gilt Flora Medal by the Royal Horticultural, Society; also Gold, Silver-gilt, Silver, and Hronzo Medals, Prizes, and Certiticates at other First-class Shows. Our specialty — really good stuff grown for the Trade. "TT-ILLMRIGHT," J-\_ For De-itruclion of all Insect Pests and Mildew. 'HE STOTT DISTRIBUTOR CO. (Lmtd.), Barton House, Manchester. HORTICULTURAL SHADINGS, NETTINGS, TIFFANY, WADDINGS, COTTON WOOL for Packing Flowers, CANVAS, TWINES, &c., supplied wholesale by JOSEPH COOKSON, 21. New Ciinnon Street, Manchester. J WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Builders • to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M. Government. Admiralty Dcpt.. War Dept., Royal Hort, Soc, Royal Botanic Soc, Parks and Public Buildings. Patentees of the Duplex UprightTubular Boilers, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. THOAISON'S MANURE.— The sale of this Manure is steadily increasing, and it can be had as formerly of all the leading Nursery and Seedsmen in the United Kingdom. London Agent, Mr. JAS. GEORGE, 11, KedgravcRoad, Putney. Agent for Channel Islands, Mr. J. H. PARSONS, Guernsey. Sole Makers. WILLIAM THOMSON AND SONS, Limited, Tweed Vineyard, Clovenfords. JI 122 THE GARDENEh'S' ClinoXICLE. [I'ebhuaey 4, 1893. SALES BY AUCTION. Monday Next. 60 StauJard and 3iW DWARF R0SE5, Japanpse and Home- grown LILIES, 25,000 LILY OF THE VALLEY (true Berlin Crowns). American PEARL TUBEROSES, GLA- DIOLUS in variety. Hardf BORDER PLANT.-J, choice named CARNATIONS and P^EOXIES, TIGRIDIAS in variety, CACTUS, POMPON, and SINGLE DAHLIAS, BEGONIAS, Double and Single, to colour and mixed, splendid strain; SPIR.Et JAPONICA, a fine batch of HELLEBORUS, Niger varieties; GLOXINIAS, SEA- KALE, 18 clumps CYPRI"EDIUM SPECTABILE, and 60 lots choice FERN^ and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. MESSRS. PKOTIIEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 6J, Cheapside, London, E.C., on MONDAY NEXT, February 6. at 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues h'.id. Tuesday Next. SPECIAL SALE. 40 Lotsof AZALEA INDICA in flower; CAMELLIAS, PALMS, of sorts; GARDENIAS. DRACAENAS. FICUS. &c., from Belgium; 90 lotsof GREENHOUSE FERNS, ROSES, SEA- KALE, &c., EXHIBITION BEGONIAS, 1500 PEARL TUBEROSES, .3000 JAPANESE LILIES, of sorts; 3.W X'ALLOTTA PURPUREA, 2000 GLADIOLUS LE- MOINEI,&c. MESSRS. PROTIIEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, EC, on TUESDAY NEXT, February 7. at 12 o'Clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next.-February 7. La:LIA GRANDIS TENEBROSA. ONCIDIUM MARSHALLIANUM. MESSRS. PROTIIEROE and MORRIS have received instructions from Messrs. Charlesworth , Shuttleworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, and 213. Park Road, Clapham, S.W., to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and OS, Cheapside, London, E.Con TUESDAY NEXT, February 7, at half-past 12 o'clock, a valuable consign, ment of newly-imported ORCHIDS, consisting of the new aod L.ELIA GRiNDIS TENEBROSA. The plants are in special fine condition, superior to any offered yet. They can be recommended with c^ery ccnfidence. Our collector is the only one who knows the habitat of this grand old Lielia. which is quite distinct from any other or the old small-flowered Lielia grandis. ONCIDIUM MARSHALLIANUM. A fine healthy consignment of this charming Orchid, very useful for show aod cutting putpos*^s. The Sale will also include a grand lot of KCUADOREAN ORCHIDS, vii., Odontoglossom Edwardi, the Violetcolourt J Odontoglot, sweely scented ; the useful and pretty Odonto- glosium ci/rosum, and O. Halli. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. Imported by Messrs. Walter Kemsley & Co , 1-17. teadenball Street, London. Abmt £00 Plants CY'PRIPEDIUM CHAMBERLAINI ANII .VI. A splendid shipment of BURMESE ORCHIDS, comprising DENDR(IHIU.M WARDIANUMLOWII i, THYK.SIFLiilll'M „ CHRY-liTOXUM GIGANTEUM ,, SUAVISSIMIIM ,. VIRGINEUM FALCONERI. DEVONIANUM ,, BRYMEBIANUM CHRYSANThUM, CYPRIPEDIUM BOXALLI, C. LOWEANUM, and a n»w AERIDES from the Shan States; VAND.A CUORULEA and AERIDES CRASSIFOLIUM. MESSRS. PROTIIEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Rooms. 67 and 68, Clieopside, London, E.C., on TUESDAY NE.XT, February 7, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. GREAT SALE OF LILIES, GLADIOLI, and OTHER BUI.B3. 4600 JAPANESE LILIES, consisting of Lilium auratum. L. macranthum, L. Wiltei. L. speciosum rubrum and album, L. tigrinum, L. Fortnnei, L. longillorum, L. cirdifolium, &c. ; 600 L. Kraetzeri. 700 very choice Double and Single BEGONIAS. TIGRIDIAS, choice hybrid AMARYLLIS, GLOXINIAS, VALLOTA PURPUREA. 16,000 GLADIOLI from Holland, comprising 5O0O Gandavensi8 hybrids, 2000 G. Brenchleyensis, 2000 ColviUi alba, and 2000 rubra, .WOO Lemoine's Hardy Seedlings, splendid strain. P.EONIES. &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February 8, at 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— Plants from Belgium, &c. 120 DRAC.ENAS of sorts, 60 PALMS, 50 EUONYMUS, LILIUM SZONITZIANIUM, HERBACEOUS PHLOX, CYPRIPEDIUM SPECTABILE, Double HOLLYHOCKS, FRENCH P.'EONIES. CARNATIONS. CANNAS, HARDY CLIMBERS. Hardy BORDER PLANTS, &c. MESSRS. PROTIIEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E,C., on THURSDAY NEXT, February 9, at 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues hal. Tile Celebrated Fernslde Collection of Orchids. SECOND PORTION. All.SnLfTKLT WlTHijU T ResER\ K. PRELIMINARY NOTICE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with Instructions, from H. M. Pollett. Esq , to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C. on WEDNESDAY. March 15, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the SECOND PORTION of this CELEBRATED COLLECTION of E^TABLISIIED ORCHIDS. Amongst the many fine things which are to be sold may be Cattleya Waroeri, in i „ Qaskelliana, in v „ „ albi ,, Dowiani aurei ,, Bowringiana •ie^y ' Cypripedium Sedcni candi- iety. I riulum Dendrobium Schroderai ,, Ph ikeoopsib lia anceps ulba ety , TrianfP, ; , ,, alba , Schroder , Menieli. , „ Wall , Rex. supposed to be the finest in the country, F.C.C. , gigas ,, ,, Sanderiana ,, labiata (autumn flower- ing) ,, ,, Warocqueana „ Percivalliana ,, ,, Fernside variety ,, Waguerii, specimen ., ,, three smaller i)laut3 Ccelogyne Lowii ,, cristata alba, specimen „ ,, ,, several smaller plants Cypripedium Arthuriai.um I ,, bellatulum | ,, cardinale, fii William Stella Sanderi? HiUii Perc ,, elegans alba „ „ Schilleriana M;-sdevallia Htrryana ,, ,, versicolor Miltonia vexillaria, in variety Odontoglossumcrispnm( Alex- andra?) „ ,, Bickleyense Edwardii Pol ettianum. *'.C.C. mulus, Bockett's varie elegans. F.C.C. Chestertooi, Lee's gra! iignc riety Harrisianum Leeinnm superbum leucoriliodum marmorophyllum Murganiie ueuauthum superbum orphanum Schlimii, V. Spicerianut Schroderte Buckerianum in ,, Wik-keauum ,, Andersonidnum (fine varieties ,, Pescaturei.Tompsoni .na, F.C.C. „ blandum ,, citrormum ro&eum graodiliorum ,, polyxanthum Oncidium macranthum Triehpilia lepida ,, cri.spa splendens Vanda cocrulea. specimen, aod ■ety ! ,, suavis Veitchi ; Coloured Platea of acme of the ill be ready shortly, and can be had, price 2s. 6f^'each, of Messrs. Protheroe & Morris, Horti- cultural Auctioneers and Valuers, Ceutral Auction Rooms, e7 and 68, Cheapside. London. E.C. Highly Important Sale of Established Orchids. The Duplicates of nearly all the choicest things in the Celebrated PICKERINO LODGE COLLECTION, WITHOUT RESERVE. MESSRS. PROTIIEROE and MORRIS are favoured witli instructions from George Hardy. E^ri., to SELL by AUCTfON, on the nremi'e^, Pickering toA^e, Timperlev, near Manchester. On WEDNESDAY and THUKS- 1)AY, March S and i'. at half-past \2 o'Clock. each day. a PORTIOX ot thi3 FAMOUS COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, the whole beinp in a high state of cultivation. Amongst the varie- ties to be offered will be found the followinf> : — 8 Cattleya Skinne „ Hardyana. 2 leads, o 2 ,, calystoglos ri alba large plant, iginal plant ,, Mendelii, grand speci- mens, several varieties ,, Massiana ,, Bowringiana, specim'in plants, and fine varie- ties „ Phillbrickiana „ Schilleriana, with 20 bulbs „ Trianse Hardyana ,. Mendelii bella Cypripedium selligerum nfe- jus. fine specimens „ Roth-childiaLum ., EUiottianum ,, candidutum, fine speci- Wallisii Spiceria plants Calanthe textornm, fine speci- ,, veratrifolia, large plaot I Lielia Arnoldiana, specimen plant, 2 leads with spikes 1 „ elezans alba, with 15 bulbs Blenheii agoi- ficent plant, with 16 bulbs Schilleriana .grand piece Tressideriana anceps Schroderie ,, Schroderiana, finest of all the white varieties Harpophyllum gigan- teu ,, purpurata aurora Dendrobium Cooksonii ,, nobile nobilius „ Tollianum ,, Leechianum [flora ,., splendidissimum grandi- do. ,. Ainsworthii Lycaste Skinneri alba Ccelogyne cristata alba, fine pieces plant ,» cristata maxima. Trenb- um him andChatsworth I varieties. grand pieces exillarium superbum, strong pieces, being prepared, and when ready, may emisea. of Mr. Holmes, and of the Auc- 7 and 68. Cheapside, London. E.C. Begonias and Gladioli.- Special Notice. MESSK^. rUOTHEROE and MORRIS beg to DRAW ATTENTION to the LARGE (.UTANTI- TIES of the above row being SOLD at THEIR ROOMS almost every day. The Bulbs are sent from some of the best Growers in the country, and comprise splendid .strains. Catalogues forwarded on application. Friday Next. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, February lU. at half- piBtl2 o'clock, by order of Mr. F. Sander, a superb impor- tation of ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI, in splendid condition, being plump and sound. There is no shadow of a doubt that forms of rare beauty and merit will appear from this importation, many of the plants cffereJ beiug decidfdly distinct in appearance. It is a well-known fact that, tlourishing together with O. Pescatorei, are other species, such as tripudi ins, triumphaus, &e., and to their pie- sence we are indebted for the grand hybrid forms that have so frequentlv appeared. There will also be included a fine lot of ANGULOA CLOWESir, in excellent condition; ADA AURANTIACA, sound aud healthy; a fine lot* of the lovely MILTONIA PHAL.T:^0PSIS. a distinct locking CYMBIDIUM SPFClES. anew EPISTEPHIUM, BRASSIA SUPERBISSIMA, SOBRa- LIA IMPERATRIX. the snow-white Sobralia. CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI. in superb plants ; many extra broad-leaved, distinct-looking pieces are among them. CALANTHE OCULATA oIGANTEA. The gran'iest of the genus. Enormous iLllorescence, with bold and lasting blooms. Very rich in superb varieties. SaMMER-FLOWERING. A Grand Lot. AND MANY OTHER CHOICE AND FINE THINGS. Friday Next. An unusually IMPORTANT SALE of HARDY PLANTS and BULBS, undoubtedly the most extensive assortment ever offered, comprising — lO.Cf'O CARNATIONS. PICOTEES. PHLOX. DELPHINIUVIS, PYRETHRUMS . P.EONIES, GAILLARDIAS. HOLLY- HOCKS, MEGASEAS, SUNFLOWF.RS, and others. IMPORTATIONS of PLANTS and BULBS from Texas, South Russia, America, California, Japan, and Germany. THOUSANDS of ENGLISH-GROWN LILIES, includiug beautiful Bulbs of the rare L. WalUcUianum s>uper- bum, Blooraerianum magnificum, Hansoui, Humbj.iiii, Washingtouianuoo, platyphyllum, speciosum in many varie- ties, aud others. 10,000 Berlin Crowns LILY OF THE VALLEY. NEW CARNATIONS. NEW CALLAS. NEW CANNAS. NEW PINKS. Avery fine lot of MONTBRETI AS. DAHLI.A.S, New PEREN- NIALS and GLOXINIA-*, together with a SPLENDID COLLECTION of BEGONIAS and GLADIOLI of the best sorts. \TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will LtJ. sell the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C, cu FRIDAY NE.\T, February 10, at 12 o'Qlock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Fiiday Next. 200 AZALEA MOLLIS. loiJ A. INDICA. 100 CAMELLIAS, and 40 CITRUS SINENIS, from Belgium; 140 plants of ASPARAGUS PLU.ViOSUS NANUS, 70 lots of choice STOVE and GREENHOUSE FERNS, including a few specimens. MESSRS. PROTIIEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, February lO, at 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. The Studley Castle Collection of Orchid?, Palms, FERNS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS ha.s received instruc- tions from the Official Receiver in Bankruptcy to SELL by AUCTION, during the month of MARCH, the valuable COLLECITON of ORCHIDS formed by T. Walker, E.,q , of Studley Castle, Warwick, incluiling, amongst othe Cypripedium Spicerianum best variety ,, cardinale ,, Schroder£e ,, Uincksianum ,, Haynaldianum „ EUiotianum „ bellatulum ,, a'nanthum superbum ,, Me.asuresianum Dendrobium pri&matocarpi line plant Dendrobium thyrsifiorum fine specimens Cattleya Warocqueana Ccelogyne cristata, fine speji* Ltetia anceps alba Cypripedium insigne Lycaste Skinneri alba Mjxillaria Lehmanini picta Cymbidium Lowii Slanhopea tigrina Ccelogyne Massangeana. &c. Also the well-grown P.ALMJ, FERNS, and other STOVE Id GREENHOUSE PLANTS. Auction Rooms & Offices, SS. King St.. Covent Garden. W.C. Wednesday Next. Standard and Dwarf ROSES, from a well-known Engli-h grower; a fine Collection of BORDER PLANTS containing a great variety of Carnations. Pinks, Iris, Peonies, Campanulas, &c. ; Ornamental (lowering SHRUBS, EVERUREENS, &c. ; Collection of home-grown LILIUMS, AZALEAS from Ghent, Pvramid and Dwarf Trained FRUIT TREES, 50O SACRED LILY of Japan, GUDIOLI, BEGONIA J, DUTCH BULBS, &c. Vf R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above iVl by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. .38. Kng Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February 8, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catilogues hail. Wednesday Next. WITHOUT RESERVE. 17 Cases of ARAIICARIA EXCELSA. just received direct, in splendid condition; 5000 fine Bulbs ot LILIUM AUR.A- TUM, and other LILIUMS, from Japan; lOO.dOO Best Berlin LILY OF THE VALLEY Crowns and Clumps, . MO CYPRIPEDIUM SPECTABILE, and lOOO SPIR/EA. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 33, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February 8. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad. Febbuary 4, 1893] THE GA BDENER S ' CHB OKI CL E. 123 WANTED to RENT, or with view to PUR- CHASR. some modern-built HOCSFS. suitable for Cucumber and Tomuo Growing.— T. J., Gardentrs' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellinntou Street. Stranl. HERTS.-In a Village 40 minutes from London. TO BE SOLD, FKEEdOLD NURSERIES, with Hame, and an acre of rich and highlv-cuUivated Land ; three Greenhouses, fitted with about UOu feet of Piping, and heated bv Thames Bank Boiler: two Mushroom Houses.— Further particulars of Mr. H. GIBSON, Auctioneer, St. Albans, Harpenden, and Bedford. (Fol. 1126 ) FOR SALE, Compact (Leasehold), Provincial, H.irdy Plant NURSERY, in full and successful working. The Stock of Choice Hardy Plants, ready for the coming season, is large and very complete, second to none in the country, systematically arranged and true to name. This Established Nursery is splendidly situated, with Glass and all re<|uisite offices. It is an increasing business, and a sound investment for anyone desiring a pleasant and profitable occupation. Price about £750 ; half might remain at interest. Particulars to omi file applicants only, DELTA, 205, Upper Brook Street. Manchester. FOR DISPOSAL, an Old-established SEED, FRUIT and VEGETABLE BUSINESS, Southsea. main thoroughfare, doirg £I0 per month, on Lease, rent only £^8 per yesr. nice house. Price £;t.5 if sold at once. Full particu- lars, apply, G. M., HI. Albert Boad. Southsea. SURIiEY. — Seven mile-s from Covent Garden. Genuine NURSERY BUSINESS, 3 acres and 13 Green- houses, stocked, and well heated; DwelJiLg House and Out- buildings, all in good repair. Lea^e unexpired, 16 years. Rents, £115 and £lu. West End Shop at £.'00 a-ycar. Turn- orer. about £.>OnO. Price as a goirg concern, £1000. Strict inrestigation invited. Full particulars of JJessrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G. (Folio 780S.) T70~R D I S P O S A L, S U M M E R 11 0 W -L VINERIES, Ker-dal. consisting of about 2',WtO fe-t of 01a.s!, well stocked with Vines, Neil Roses, M.idenhair Ferns, *c. Suitable also tor Tomato Culture. Heated with 3900 feet 4-inch Piping by two Boilers. Particuhrs on applicitioa to owner, A. DUNCAN, Sommer- how Vineries. Kend il. London, S.W., the main tborougbfare, close lo Station. 1.j^OK SALE, in cTiisf(|uence of ill-health, the LK.VSE of a Prominent l-LORlST'S SHOP, beaut fully filled up, and Nineroomed Ke.idence. together with the Griod- will; good Trade attached. Len.se. (!K years; Low Rent f£rf6). —Full pirticulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, «7 and 68, I'beapside, Loodun, E.C. ; or at 13, High Street, Putney. To Nurserymen and Others. fOR SALE, compact N L'ltSEit V PREMISES, comprising Residence, eight conveniently - arrsngi'd ienhouset. Potting Sheds, Store, iind Gardens, well situate lin Koid. close to improving Town, and where a lucrative bee: .Me--rs. NEVK I f.i IN. An: I-, S;c., Tonbndge. South of England, near Three good Towls. 'TO 1;K LPrr, on LE.VSE, a capital MARKET I NURSERY, containing Tw,-nly.four Houses, well heated, and in good repair, with Urge Garden and Orchard in otir constant rompanion.—" I thank you for your excellent and practical (ruide. which is the best I ever had." A specimen of hundreds cf te^t-monials.— The Book is ready now ; it con- sists of 160 pages, and is sent free by post for 4 lANT LILY OF THE VALLEY.— Best VX Berlin Crowns for Forcing. 5000. at 24t. per 1000 ; .3000, 26s. per 1000; 1000. 28<. ; 100. 3s. M. : 2.=. Is. 2d.; English Hoots for Planting. Is 6'i. per K«J. DAHLIA ROOTS, strong, fs. 6rf. per 100 STRAWBERRY RU.N.NERS. Is. M. per 100. PANCRATIUMS. grand con-ignment just imported, sure to llower well. P. ZEYLANICrM. grand market flowers, snow- white and sweet-scented, 2os. per lOJ. GLORir-SA SUPERFA. same price. New Se-ds of CAPE S1L\ KR TREE, M. and Is. per packet. CRINUMS in sorts, true to name. .'iOs. to I.iOs. per lOO. PINE-APPLE, nice young plants. from 4f». per loo. ARUM LILIES, Lilium Harrisii, Tuberoses, Amaryllis, Ammocharis, Babianas. Ferrarias, Hitmanthus. Kreesias. Nerines, Vallotas. ORCHIDS and all other rare Bulbs and Plants at low rates. Trade supplied. LIST free. JAMES, Importer. New Maiden. Surrey. ORNAMENTAL PLANTING, AND TREES FOR TOWNS. Practically Unlimited Stocks of EVERGREENS, CONIFERS, ORNA.MENTAL TREES and PLANTS, FLOWERING SHRUBS, &c., IN PERFECT IIKALIK AND CONllM I'lN. Catalogues, Prices, andjiill mjormation an iipplicatwji to— BICKSONS NTJBSEBIES, CHESTEB. CANNELL'S PRIMULAS. Nothing to touch, them in America. Sni, — Although we are great Primula (i rowers, and have 15 distinct kinds, yours at the Chicago Exhibition are so lovely that I must ask you to send us seeds of all the colours you have, II, S, RUPP AND SONS, Cumberland Co , Pa., U.S. America. Write for our COMPLETE SEED GUIDE, post-free to coming ctLstomers. CANNELL'S SEEDS -PERFECT ONLY- DIRECT FROM - ^mrkVJij'n ^MJyl^ifm NufBerymen. SeedBmeu, oi.d Wood ForeBt.ri- „ . ^,_ ..,^ to H.M. The J^sk5;SS>-*! Queen, H U.H LITTLE & BALLANTVNE .1 K N T iJV Tlio Prico ff ^ W„les unil II .M IIY API I.INTMKM' VEGETABLE SEEDS Of Superior and Selected Stocks. FLOWER SEEDS Prize Strains. SEED POTATOES Selected Scotch Grown. PLANTS, SHRDBS, ROSES, VINES, Ac. Illustrated descriptive Catalogues, post free, on application. CARLISLE. 40 000 GERANIUM CUTTINGS. ' F. V. Raspail, Cash with Order. JAMES GREEN, Reliance IS. per 1000 ; 3j. id. per Nurseries. March. FOR S A L E, a Collection of about 1000 ORCHIDS. Cool-house. Intermediate, and Stove. To be Sold either in one or more Lots.— For appointment to view. addre:9, M.. ST. Sunderland Koad, Forest Hill. S.E. G RAND NEW APPLE, "BISMARK." idred healthy Trees for Disposal, Whole.ale y. Hampton, Middletfi. OR SALE, 500 strong Malmaison CAR- XATION PLANTS, in linch pots; price. ,".iU. per 100. Also Ten grand Specimen Pota of kUCHARIS LILIES. J. LITTON, Grosrenor Cottage. Bath. ALMS in TUBS.— 1 Cham.Trops Fortunei, 7 feet 6 inches, by S feet 6 inches; 1 Chamferops Humilis, 0 feet 5 inches, by 4 feet 7 inches. FERNS.— 1 Blechnum lirasiliense.stem 20inches; 1 Dflvallia, a feet across; 1 BirdVne-t F.Tn. S feet across. Must be sold for «ant of room. Address GARDENER. Horstead Hall. Norw ch. V Ch Novelty for 1893. ARIEGATED HOP.— Most ornamental and fast-growing climber. See report of the Gardeners' ■onicfeof Oct.S. 1S92. Descriptive LIST free on application. FKED. B1E.\1EB, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg. Germany. ITLOWERING LILY OF THE VALLEY. r — MiignificentSiimples. lOO, 6 marks; 1000, 6 J marks, for Post-office Order. Guaranteed to arrive in a fresh condition. liLUMENBOERSE. Magdeburg, Germany. ASPARAGUS, of fine quality— for Forcing, 5-yr. old, splendid roots, 12s. id. per ICO. free on mil ; 6-yr. old, extra tine, l.'ji. per 100. Cash with order. My Aspa- ragus always makes top price at Covent Garden. Read the following unsolicited testimonial:— " Please send me another 200 of 5-yr. old Asparagus Boots. I may say that the last 200 were the best lot ot forcing roots I ever bought, and my employer says the quality is excellent.— C. H. PERKINS, The Gardens, Milton Abbey. Blandford." J. J. CLARK. Market Gardener, Goldstone, Brighton. UUes of the VaUer. T ILIES OF THE VALLEY.— Cut Flowers Ij at any time at lowest Prices. LlLlKS OK rui-: Vali.kv. with roots lyp bloom for making up ; lowest price. LlLU-s OF ■UIK V.^I.LEV.- Splendid ;j-yr. floweriog crowns; prices on application. I ILIES of tUE VaLLEY. — 2-yr. crowns, care- fully selected, for forcing nextsea-on; price on applic.ition. LiLll-S OF THK\'ALLEV.—l-yr. crowns, strong; price on appli- cation. Cash with Order from unknown correspondents. .lANNOCd. Lily Nursery. Dersingham, Kings Lynn, Norfolk. FERNS ! FERNS ! !— Trade,— Greenhouse and stove, 25 saleable sorts, in 2^in. pots, K's. per 100; 10 best market sorts, in 4^'s, 6s. per doz. ; stores. 6s. per 100. Largo Adiantum cuneatum, value in fronds, (s. and 8s. [mt dozen. Cyperus, Aralias, Solanums, snd Orevilleas. in 18's, go04l value, ^s. per dozen. Palms, Ficus, Erica hyemalis, Cyi'lanu'n. an.l Dracaenas, in 48'a. Is. each. P. tremula and A. cuneatum. for making large plauU quickly, 16s. and 20s. per 100, well packed, l.iit on rail free for ca.sh with order.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries. Loughboro' Junction, London, S.W. BEfiONIAS A SPECIALTY. — Awarded Four Gold Medals, Gold Cii|i. and only Gold M.^dals for Begonias at the International Horticultural Exhibition. Seed saved from Prize Plaiit-S. Choicest mixed, single or double varieties. Is., 2s. 6(f., and hs. per packet. Collections (Seed), single, twelve named varieties, separate, 5s. Qd. ; six ditto, .Is. Tubers, named singles, from 18s. to 42s. per dozen. Choicest Seedlings, 4s. to 21s. per dozen; bedding, choicest, 4s , hs., 6s., and 11.-:. per dozen; choicest name doubles, from 24s. per dozen ; choicest seedlings. 12s. to 30«. per dozen ; choicest mixed, for bedding, tis. and 12s. per dozen. Catalogues gratis. .lOHN LAING AND SONS. Begonia Growers.&c. Forest Hill. CHRYSANTHEMUM .Japanese American Seed, 2»'. 6d. per packet; do. (Engli>h saved), Incurve I, .Iiipane.se, Anemone, and mixed, 2s. 6i/. KEGO.NIA. Giant strain. Single, mixed, Is. to Is. 6i. j Double, \s. 6(i. and I's. 6d. per packet. I'RIMfLA, Imperial strain. 12 colours. Single, Is. and Is. M, ; Double, Is. M. and 2s. 6d per packet. CSCLAMEN. Giant strain, mixed or separate colours, 1.!. and Is, id. per packet. TO.MATO, Ponderosa, large-t on earth (2 to ? lb.), Is. ami Is. 6d. per packet. R. OWEN, F.R.H S., Floral Nursery. Maidenhead. Walls Of Fern.— The test Way to make them. BARE and UNSIGHTLY WALLS in Green- houses, Porches. &c.. may be luxuriantly covered with Ferns, Foliage, and Blooms, by using our WALL TILE TKOUOHS and PLANT BOXES (Patent). Easily fixed and universiiUy adopted, entirely superseding Wire Netting and Corkwork. Photograph of our Tiled Wall of Fern, llu feet long, and LISTS on application. Ferns and Soil supplied. Try our Scentless PLANT FEEDERS (Patent Compressed), Is. per lOJ.— A. BOOTY and CO., 18, Bride Lane, London, K.C. (Late Florists, 4c., of Harrogate.) FLOWERS ^i;?: HERBACEOUS BORDER. Hardy — Ornamental- Permanent. AGROSTEM'.S, DORONICUMS, GAILLAKDIAS. HE- PATICAS. PRLMULAS. and in endless and beautiful variety. Prii es and full particulars on application. DICKSONS NURSEBIES, CHESTER. LONDON PLANES.— Splendid lot of hand- some Trees, straight stems, good heads, and beautifully rooted; undoubtedly the finest in the country. Prices as follows :— 12 to 14 feet. 4s. each ; 14 to 16 feet. 5s. each ; 16 to IS feet, 6s. each ; IS to 20 feet. is. 6ii. each. Extra-.sized Specimens, lOj. to 15s. each. Extra-sized Specimen Limes. 5s. to 10s. id. each ; line Specimen Weeping Elms, 5s. to 10s. id. each; Lombardy Poplars. 13 to 25 feet, l,'. id. to 5s. each. Hardy Trees, Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Roses, &c.. of every description. Descriptive Catalogues of Plants, Seeds, Bulbs, and Requisites, free. W. FRO.MOW AXD SONS, Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick, London, W. Established 1,929. ECKFORD'S NEW CULINARY PEAS, " EPICURE and CENSOR.' Two varieties of great merit. Full marks in the R.H.S. trials. Well worth the attention of Exhibitors. In sealed J-pints. 2s. 6:^. DESCRIPTIA'E CATALOGUES Post Free. HENKY ECKFOBD, Wem, Salop. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A LARGE AND SILECT STOCK IS NOW OFFERED FOR SALE. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits, post-free, 3(/. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses, post-free, THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NURSERIES. SAWBRIDGEWORTH, HERTS. NOVELTIES. HELOIf : Dicksons' Hero of Chester. TOMATOS —The best varieties are^ DICKSONS' OK.STKIAN (Ke.M. per Packet, l.i. and Is. M. MCKSONS' EARLY KUIiY i Uuliv i. per Packet. \s. iind Is. 6i(. DICKSONS' YELLOW KING (.Yellow), per Packet, Is. and Is. a. DICKSONS' WHITE (JIIEEN (White), per Packet, Is, id. All fully described in our VEGErABLE and FLOWER SBED CATALOGUE, No. 419, post-free on application. DICKSONS, Seed Growers, CHESTEB. (1. 1 m 1 led) COVERT FOR GAME. LAURELS, Common, 1 J to 2 feet, bushy, 70s. per low. 2 to 3 feet, bushy, 100s. per loOO. Portugal. IJ to 2 feet, bushy, 2.^s. jier 100. „ 2 to 3 feet, very bushy, 50s. per 100. BERRERIS AQUIFOLIA, IJ to 2 feet, very bushy, 805. p. 1000. BEECH, 2 to 3 feet, strong, 30s. per 1000, 4 to 5 feet, very strong, 60s. per 1000. HOLLIES, 2 to 3 feet, very bushy, .Ws. per 100. 3 to 4 leet. fine plants, 75s. per 100. PRIVET, Evergreen, 3 to 4 feet, bushy, 40s. per 1000. LARCH. SCOTCH SPRUCE, FIRS and QUICKS, THORNS, in large quantities, and OTHER TREES, equally cheap and good. CATALOGUES and Samples free on application. K. TUCKER. Nurseries. Faringdon. Berks. CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Our stock of both I'lants and Cuttings is the largest and finest ever seen in this country. C. E. SHEA. Esq.. a great prize-taker, says :— " My ex- perience of your system is that it is far and away the best." Our CATALOGUE, sent post-free, will be found the mo»t complete and best illustrated ever issued. H. CANNELL & SONS, Swanley. ROSES ROSES. UK INJURED BY FROST. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, ■INVITK OBDIRS FOR STANDARD and HALF-STANDARD.— The Selection of Varicli.-s should be left to them. DWARF HYI'.RIDS on liRIARS.— The best stock, though Nursery Plants smaller than on Manetti. DWARF TEA ROSES, all on liriar. — rin<^ Plants in pots, grown outof-doors; and ground Plants covered during past frost. EXTRA-SIZED CLIMBING, and also TEAS and H.F.'e in pots, for prompt ForciDg. The Stock ia etill fine, but Orderw whould be lodged at once to ensure execution. CATALOGUES postz-free. THE OI.D NURSERIES, CHESHUNT, 126 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febeuart 4, 1893. THE CORINIUM GUINEA COLLECTION OF HIGH-CLASS SEEDS ■ otfe e.l. It Is probably the cheapest and best assorted -.-- „ . contains 12 pints best Peas for succession, 4 pints Broad Beans, li pint French Beans, 3 ounces Carrot, 3 ounces Onion, 1 ounce Parsnip and Beet, Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage, Cauliflower. Celery, Cress, Cucumber, Leek, Lettuce, Mustard, Melon, Parsley, Radish, Spinach, Turnip, Tomato, Vegetable Marrow, Herbs, &c., &c., in sufficient quantities for a medium- sized Garden. Carriage and package free. For Smaller Collections, see Vegetable and Flower Seeds Catalogue, free on application. J N O . J E FFERIE S & SON, SEED MerOHAMTS, CIRENCESTER. H. CANNELL & SONS' I5,000-DAHLIAR00TS-I5,000. Our Stock of all planted-out Ground Koots, double the size of the ordinary pot tubers. Most complete collection in the world. 500 varieties. We should be glad to quote prices and full particulars. SWANLEY, KENT. TO WHOLESALE SEED BUYERS. SAVE 20 per Cent, by Buying your Seeds direct from the Grower. Selected Stocks of the best quality, and good samples. Send for Trade LIST. Compare Prices. ESTABLI.SHED 100 YEARS. JOHN K. KING, Seed Grower, COGGESHALL. ESSEX. PLANTING SEASON. HABPlliy.««OWW FOI^ESST, FRUIT j • tLL OTHIH TREES & PLANTS, EYEREREEHS, ROSES, &6. NURSERIES 400 AORE8: TK>T BXTBR8IYB BTOOK, iBipMUoB lawlIM' Priced Catalogues Gratle fc Post Fre*. X^IOKSONS XCRSEBIK* THE MOST POPULAR CELERIES AKE HARRISONS' EARLY ROSE ) LEICESTEK, RED rid. and Is. packets, post-free. PENGELLY WHITE ) Trade prices 3s. and 6s. per dozen respectively. Stamps received for small remittances. Our General CATALOGUE of famous LEICESTER SEEDS, ■which are highly pri/e.l for Exhibition and Market Giir.len purposes, post free on application. Send for a cipy to HARRISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS and MERCHANTS. LEICESTER. SEEDS -SEEDS, Absolutely BEST PROCURABLE EGONOMICAL-SAFE LASTING USE CLAY'S MANURES ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Pescriptive and Alphabetically arranged, with ORDER SHEET, free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO,, (Seed Merchants and Nurserymen), WORCESTER. (Establithel 1804.) LOAM! LOAM!! BARE OPPORTUNITY. A good sound fibrous sample, in tough sods, cut jmt the depth of the fibre. Will be found superior to Epsom Loam for many purposes. Please -write for Price, free on rail (near London), or delivered carria_'e paid to any station. Sample free. G. H. RICHARDS, Old Shot Tower Wharf, Lambeth, Loudon, S.K. V A V> Having the re- r i a. r,V"rK spective Trade ,C^*-'^V'<. ^,. Mark printed on h •'^ ■ TOR ^ LON DON £t bag^ "an'd ' Tm^ I N V I ««\ A, pressed on the V^ ^H/ lead seal ' f >Il\V' attached to the ' I 1-* mouth of each bag, which is ■LnADfi MARK, TRADE MARK. THE ONLY GUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS. . These -n'ell-known Manures are used by the Leading Growers, Royal Botanic Society, Royal Horticultural Society, Royal Parks. London County Council, throughout the United Kingdom, and in every iiuarter of the Globe. Sold by Seedsmen. Florists, and Nurserymen, in 6d. and 13 I'ackets, and SEALED BAGS. 71b. 14 1b. 281b. 66 1b. 112 1b. 2s. 6d. 4s. 6d. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. 208. Or direct from the Works, in iB. PACKETS. Post-free, or Bags of either size. Carriage Paid (as sample), in the United Kingdom for Cash with order as above. Prices and Samples of CRUSHED BONES in Vai-ious Sizes on Application. CLAY & SON, Manure Manufacturers, Bone Crushers, &c , TEMPLE MILL LANE, STKATFORD. LONDON, E. PATENT SILICATE MANURE. Drexx Yinir F.arly Vines u-ith it noti: " Maidstone, Aii//i/st 13, 1802 " We used it on oar Vines, and, although we had prepared them with other stimulants last season, we attribute the best crop we ha\ e ever liad to the use of your Manure— the berries are grand. " (Signed) GEO. BUNYARD & CO " PBICES IN SACKS, AT WOBKS— 103. per Cwt. ; £2 per i-Ton ; £3 15s. per S-Ton ; £7 per Ton. Addebss— THE CHEMICAL WORKS, HEMEL HEMPSTEAD, HERTS. BEESON'S MANURE. Has now been universally used in all the principal gardens £or over twenty years, and has proved the Best and Cheape t Fertiliser for Vines, Plants, Vegetables, and all purposes. With the aid o£ entirely new machinery, it is now being sent out in tplendid condition. Writ* for Circular containing the leading gardeners and market growers reports. Sold in tins at U., 2s. 6d., and 5s. 6rf. and lOs. ed. each ; also in 1 cwt. bags, sealed. 13s. €ach. by all Seedsmen; or apply direct. 1 cwt. and above is sent carriage-paid for cash with order, and special terms for large quantities. Directions for use are placed in each bag, and printed on tins. W. H. BEESON , CARBROOK BONE MILLS, SHEFFIELD. BONES ! BONES ! ! BONES ! ! ! Any size from dust to 1 inch. Disbolved Bone Componnd, for Top-dressing. All at 10s. per cwt.: less quantity, l^rf. per lb. Carriage paid on 1 cwt. Terms, Cash with Order. Special quotations for lai-ge Buyers. E. S. WILES AND CO., Bone Crushers, St. Albana. c AGENTS WANTED, for the SALE ot NATIVE GOANO. The best and ch.'apest manure for all Farm and Garden Crops.— The NATIVE GUANO CO., LIMITED, 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriara, London, B.C. BEESON'S MANURE.— The best I Fertiliser for all purposes. Demand increasing weekly trial will prove its value. Pure Bones any size, raw dissolved, 8s. per cwt. Write for particulars. C BEESON, The Bone Mills, St. Neofs. Hunts. NATIVE GUANO.— Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden Use. Price £3 10s. per ton. in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. ; 1 cwt., Sample Bag, sent Cairiage Paid to any Station in England, on receiptof P. 0. for 6s. Extracts from 16th Annual Collection of Reports :— NATIVE GUANO. FOR POTATOS, VEGETABLES, &c. H BrINKWORTH, Potato Grower, Reading, used for Potatos, Onions, and Carrots, results :— " Very good ; never had better crops." J. BUTLEB, Sittingbonrne :— " Used for Potalo, Celery and other Market Garden Crops, with very good results; Potatos large, clean, and free from disease. Best and Cheapest Alauure in the Market." NATIVE GUANO, FOR FRUIT, ROSES, TOMATOS, &c. J. Peed & Sons, Streatham.'used for Fruit Trees and Roses, results :—" Very satisfactory ; we use no other Guano now ; consider yours preferable to Peruvian."- J. FiNCH, Orrell Gardens — •■ Used for Vegetables, Tomatos, Grapes, Cucumbers, and Flowers, with satisfactory results. Most excellent for Potatos, and many other things. The Cheapest Manure in the Market " Orders to the Native GuanO Co., Ltd., 29, New Bridge Street Blacktriars, London, where Pamphlet of Testimonials, &c., may be obtained. AGENTS WANTED^ ITRATE OF SODA IN THE GARDEN. To the Gardener Nitrate is Power. Sold in Bags; ^-cwt., 4s. 6d.; i-cwt., 8s. ; 1 cwt.. 16s. SULPH.4TE OF AMMONIA, in above quantities at same prices. HORN DUST and SHAVINGS, fcwt., 3s. lod. ; J-cwt., 6s. 6f(. 1 cwt., 10s. 6d. . , , PURE BONE MEAL, ^-cwt., 2s. 6rf. ; J-cwt., 4s. bi. ; 1 cwt Delivered free to Bail and Cirter Paterson's Vans. REEVES A.ND CO., Horn and Bone Crushers, 56, Hinton Boad, Camberwell, London. BENTLEY'S INSECTICIDE. Atvarded Prize 3Iedal {only mvard), AT THE International Hortictdtural Exhibition, EarVs Court, 1892. Sole .manufacturer— JOSEPH BENTLEY, CHEMICAL WORKS, BABBOW-ON-HingBEB, HTTLI.. ARE IN GREAT DEMAND. Exterminate all , Insect Peats K''i&>"* '>) JiijHTt/ to Foliage. No HOT COKES. Vastly Superior to Tobacco Paper And Adoptid by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bt ; Baron Schroder; Rt. Hon. Jos. Cham- berlain ; Sir Leopold Rothschild, Bart. ; Messrs. Veitch, Chel- sea; Sutton. Reading; _^^^^ ^_^ Carters', Holborn. Easy. Certain, Safe, and Cheap. Sheets, 9d. (for looo cubic feet in parcels {93. per Dozen, «fl dozen, also \,i, and 1 gross. i atVitoDoz. McDougalla' Liquid Insecticide.— For fseioiier Gtos. „ Garden and Fruit Tree Wash.— For Outdoor Use. „ Plant Food or Manure.— For Vines, Fruits, & Plants. All Free from Poison. Patented and Sole Makers— . . __.>.> (London: 10, Mark Lane. M'^DOUGALL BROS.) ^f-^„-- .oliSgfSeti. FROM NURSERYMEN AND SEEDSMEN. HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock pj A CC always on Hand. vJTljrVOO. Special quotations for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest possible prices. NICHOLLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH, ■ ■ LONDON, E, Febbuaey 4, 1893/ THE GABDENEBS' GHBOKICLE. 127 BOULTON & PAUL, "tlS^f" NORWICH. WKOUGHT - IRON ASHES or OFFAL BAEROW, Garden Barrow & Cinder Sifter combined. Cash Price. Paioted 30/- Body galvanised ... extra 7 >i If fitted ^ith registered Cinder Sifter ... ... .^ - Portable Sanitary Dust- Blns and Swing Barrows. Send for Illustrated C.4T.\L0GUE. post-free on application. WRIGHT & HOLMES. lUuitrated Price List free on appUcaiion to WRIGHT & HOLMES, Hortirultural Builders & Hot-water Ap|.aratu.s Fi.Kineers. MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMIHCHAM. W.H.LASCELLES&CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. AUTOMATIC DAMPER FOR GREEN HOUSES. Dr. GEORGE WALKER, Inventor of Chrytanthemum Cup Tub-'s, Wimbledon, says;— "I have used your Automatic Daniper for some weeks, and am perfectly satisfied with it. A most ingenious and useful invention." Mr. H. .J. JONES. Hither Green, Lewisham, who uses the Damper in a house 100 feet long, says ;— " I find this damper is in every way economical. Its saves both fuel and labour, and keeps the house at a more even and better temperature." PATENT AUTOMATIC DAJIPEK CO., 97, FLEET STREET, LONDON, B.C. A^^li^ &<;;^T^^>^ , STOURBRIDGE, For GREENHOUSES and OTHER BUILDINGS. CaiaL'M.L'I-. a.m» K^ilMAltJa tKKE. The Original and Onlu Makert of the GENUINE RIVETED TRENTHAM BOILERS With SOLID E.N'DS. ALso— Silvester's patentTrentham W ith Special Provision for Cleaning the Inside thoroughly (a Most Important Point). These Boilers, after long ex- perience, have proved them- selves the Most Efficient, Economical, and Lasting Boilers extant. Every other kind of Boilers, Sockets, Flanges, and Expan- sion-Jo'Ut Pipes and Fittings 5 of High and Low-Pressure Heating. FRED SILVESTER & CO., General F.ngineers, Founders, and Boiler Makers, CASTLE HILL WORKS. NEWCASTLE. STAFFORDSHIRE. HEATING APPARATUS GARDEN REQUISITES COCOA-NUT FIBRE REPUSE. id. per bushel ; loo for 2:^s. ; tnuk (loose, about 2 toust, 40j. ; J-bushel l.iigi. \rl. each, SPECIALLV SELKCrHD ORCHID PEAT. LIOHT BROWN FIDROfS PEAT, hs. id. per sack ; ,■> sacks, 2f>«. ; sacks, 4d. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5». per sack; S aacks, 22j. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, l.t. M. per bushel; 16«. per halt ton ; 2(5.*. per ton, in 2-bushet bags. Ad. each, YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- .VIOI'LD. Is. per bushel. SI'H \(;NT.M MO.SS. 8.5. 6d. per sack. .MANIKK,-^. OAUDKN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO rl.nTH. RUSSIA MATS. &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Driwy Lane, W.C. BECKETT BROS., cHELAisroRD ^^'« Villi n boxes of 100 feet English Glass, it to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound, in the country, in quantity. "BEST LINSEED OIL PUTTY." GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, Lead, tii.iss. Oil. and Colouk Mkrchasts. 34, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and Prices ou application. l'kn.se quote Chronicle. Greenhouses, Forcing-Houses, Vineries, Frames, &c, HAWKINS' " rERFECTION," or DRY SYSTEM of GLAZING is the liest. No skilled labour required to fix G'ass or Paint, no Exit of Hot Air. no Drip, and much cheaper than any other. Sample double frame. S feet by 6 feet, with 2 Lights, painted 3 coats and glazed, for i^s. Note the marvellously low price for the following sub- f tantially constructed Houses— 100 feet by 15 feet, £80 ; 60 feet by 15 feet. £60; 25 feet by 10 feet, £27. Several Second-hand Houses very cheap; inoo extra strong lights, 6 feet by 4 feet, painted and glazed. £7 per dozen, worth double ; less for large quantity. Do not build Glasshouses without first getting esti- mate (free) from •• HAWKINS." Horticultural Builder, Ashtord, Middlesex. " FRIP.I nniVin " '^^^^ of prepared Hair and rniUI UUmU WooI, a perfect protection to PAUUAQ all Plants & Blooms, Cheaper UAIl VHu. than any kind of mat, and will Inst for years. To be had from all Nursery- men and Seedsmen, FOrTrice list a particulars Address-' BENJAMIN PDGINGTON S Di/KE S^ mu London B/i/oGB^ PROTECT YOUR PLANTS FROM FROST. •Ih,: JU \S.S/.I.\ .MAT JMI-Uli'Ifli.S CO. are Xotr .Sdhn.j far Cash U'llh OrJer^ - NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL CARGO MATS, at liiii.t. per Mil. or Ul,i. iW. lier buuille of 10. NEW ST. PETERSBURG CARGO MATS, at Ms. per lini, or .V!. M. per liuiidle of Hi. (.yj„ri„l Qootatomsfor Urge Qmmlities.) 40, GREAT TOWEB ST., LONDON, E.C. FOR PICTURESQUE ROCKWORK In OAKDKNS, CONSERVATORIES, FERNERIES, LAKES, WATERFALLS, &c , also for TERRA COTTA FOUNTAINS, KERBINO, VASES, &c., try PULHAM & SON, 60, Finsbury Sq., E.C. H Price LIST and Estrimates free on application. ILL & SMITH, BKIEKLEY HILL, STAFFORDSHIRE, 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON. B.C. .f^ NE'W PATTERN TREE GUARD, ^^Thc Porcupine,''^ The maximum of utility and the minimum ol cost. Price 10s. 6d. TESTIMONIAL, •The Whittern. Herefordshire "Dec ^8. 1887. Dear Sirs,— J have now had an opportunity of trying \l \\ "I your Porcupine Tree ^JLiilbadl^^ Guards, and they seem ;j '■ i|:||[[;||;f J quite to nuBwer my pur- pose, HO you may send me 50 more, as before. I en- cloae cheque for your account. Yours truly, RICHD. GREEN. Mesflrs. Hill & Smith. 128 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FEBHnABY 4, 1893, For PLEASURE and PROFIT. FRUIT. See CATALOGUE for Sim to Su. ROSES. Nothing so Profitable and Easy to Orow. 74 ACRES IN STOCK. Hundreds of Thousands. BUSHES, Packing and Carriage Fret 8b. per dozen, 60s. per 100. for Cash with Order. BOSES in Pots, from 16s. per dozen. OKKAMENTAL TBEES, 91 ACBES. 4 ACBES of GLASS. CLEMATIS (80,000), from 15s. per dozen. N.B.— Single Plants are sold at slightly increased prices, i VEGETABLE, FLOWER I j and FARM. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, FREE. SEEDS & BULBS! mCHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER, NOW IS THE TIME TO PUNT SEND FOR OUR NEW DESCRIPTIVE AND PRICED CATALOGUE Of Fruit Trees, Roses, Conifers, Shrubs, Forest Trees, Climbers, &o. An immense Stock grown. LANDSCAPE GARDENING A LEADING FEATURE, GEO. JAGKMAN & SON, Woking Nursery, Woking, Surrey. ESTARHSHED 1810.] [AREA, 150 ACRES. HENDER'S PRIZE PETUNIAS. The finest in tlie world. Saved from our best striped aud mottled tlowers. Is. and '2s, per packet. RENDER AND SONS, Plymouth. LEICESTER SEEDS. Being extensive Seed Growers, and certainly the leading provincial house for PEAS, having all the principal sorts in carefully-selected Stocks, ■we are able to supply these superior goods as low as any Provincial or London firm, especially to those who require such for Market Purposes, viz., PEAS, BEANS, CARROTS, RADISHES, ONIONS, CABBAGES, BEET, SAVOYS, PARSNIPS, &c. It is an oft-repeated fact that HABRISONS' LEICESTER SEEDS produce the best crofs and make the best pricex in the markets. Refer- ences given, if required, to both Growers and Salesmen in the largest Markets, CATALOGUES FREE. Apply to— HARRISON & SONS, Seed Growers aud Merchants, LEICESTER. CANNELL'S BEGONIAS. DOUBLES,— Lovely Tea-Rose Colours, mixed. Seed, 2/6 and 5/- per packet, SINGLES, — Equally as meritorious. Same price. Every seed producing plants Hie the following Engraving. Send for Odr Complete List, pott free to coming Cuitumers. B. HOOKE, Efi;., The Towers, Uibridgi, I had some bloom-^ of your Begonias on my table, and I had some difBcnlty in persuading my friends that they were not SWANLEY, KENT. NOTHING NOTHING * toomucli trouble. The Trade Supplied. E. D. SHUTTLEWORTH 4- CO., Ltd., {Albert Nurseries) PECKHAM RYE, LONDON, 8 E , and FLEET, HANTS. THE COMING APPLE. CCOLING^S BEAUTY OF BATH. THK EARLIK,«iT. BeST-FLAVOUREP. AND HaND.SOMEST DESSERT APPLE YET iNThODlChD. WILL HE Invaluable for Market uuowing. GEO. COOLING &. SONS Beg to offer a few full-sized Pyramid and Dwarf-trained Trees, which will come into bearing at once. This variety does especially well as an espalier, or against a wall. Each. Dozen. PYRAMIDS, strong S;- BO/- DWARF-TRAINED, for walls or e.-palier8, STANDARDS, straight clean stems TWO-YEAR OLD Trees MAIDEN Trees 15/- ... 2/- ... 1/6 A large stock of all leading varieties of APPLES, PEAKS, and PLUMS etill on hand. Descriptive FRUIT TREE LIST, post-free. GEO. COOLING & SONS, THE NURSERIES, BATH. SELECT vegetables, and CHOICE FLOWERS. PICKED SEED POTATOS. Garden Tools, Sundries, dc, do. Delivered Free by Rail dp Parcel Post. Illuatrateil Descriptive Catalogue No, 419 FREE BY POST ON APPLICATION. DiCKSONS on^otSl. CHESTER. CHARLES NOBLE'S APPLES, Cox's Orange, and others. A"CUtiA .lAPONICA, lto2ifeet. AZALEA MOLLIS. 1 to 2 feet. „ GHENT, 1 to 4 feet, / ,. MIXED SEEDLINGS, 1 to 3 feet, SBuds. ., PONTICA, I to 3 feet. 1 ANDRO.MEDA FLORIBUNDA. 1 to2 feet.-' BERBERIS DARWINII. IJ to 2i feet. CLIPRESSUS LAWSONU, 3 to (i feet. CURRANTS. BLA-'K. DAMSONS (FARLEIGH), Standards. HARDY HEATHS. HYDRANGEA PANICULATUM, IJ to 3 feet. HYPERICUM CALYCINUM. IVY, IRISH, 2 to 4 feef. KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 9 to 12 inches. LAURUS ROTUNDIFOL'IA. IJ to 2J feet. LIME TREES. 5 to 9 feet, fine, straight. MAHONIA AQUIEOLIA, 9 to 18 inches. PLANE TREE^, 5 to 9 feet, fine, straight, PRUNUS SINENSIS, flore-pleno. 2 to 2' feet. PORTUGAL LAURELS. 1 to 1^ feet. CHARLES NOBLE'S RHODODENDRONS, line, named, 1 to 3 feet, ., Special Standards, 5 to 6 feet. KHODORA CANADENSIS. I to 2J feet. ROSES. DWARF, popular kinds, „ GLOIRE DE DIJON. ., RUGOSA, White and Red mixed, SCARLET DOGWOOD, IJ to 2J feet, THUIA LOBBII. 3 to 6 feet. „ AMERICANA, 3 to 6 feet. THUIOPSIS BOREALIS, 6 to 8 feet. fine. WEIGELIA ROSEA. IJ to 2^ ftet, fine. WEBBS' COB NUTS. 3 to 5 feet. CHARLES NOBLE, BAGSHOT. WHEELER'S NEW POTATO, " The Alderman." For Exhibition this Potato is a model — the eyes are shallow, the skin rough ; it is of large size, a great cropper, and of the finest possible quality ; it withstands disease well, and is one of the most profitable Potatos to grow. Price 4,'- per peck ; 12/6 per bush. "I am specially pleased with 'Thi: ALDERM4N Potato, and consider it one of the most valuable iutroduc- tions."-J. H. Fry. "From 71b. of your Alderman Potatos I raised 3 cwt. ; for size and cooking quality nothing can surpass them, many weighing l^lb. each, and one, extra large, being 21b. 2oz."— .ToilN Clutterbl'CK. Upwards of a hundred other testimonials, copy of which may be had gratis and post-free on application. WHEELER & SON, SEED GROWERS. GLOUCESTER, FRUIT TREES A SPECIALTY. APPLES. PEARS, PLUaMS, and all kinds of Hardy Fruit Treea, The best, varieties for Garden or Market, new aud raru sorts not obtainable elsewhere. STRAWBERRIES, GOOSEBERRIES. CURRANTS, and all kinds of Small Fruita. All the best of the new and old and most profitable vanetiee. Short Priced CATALOGUE free. Full Descriptive CATA- LOGUE and GUIDE, the most complete issued, Gd. JOHN WATKINS. PoMOKA FaRaM Nurseries, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. Febeuaby 4, 18'J3.] THE GAEDEXEn -s" CHBOXK'L E. 120 PAULS', WALTHAM CROSS, For the Eost Rou-a, PAULS', WALTHAM GROSS, For the Best Seeds and Bulbs. PAULS', WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best Fruit Trees and Graiie I'lues, PAULS;, WALTHAM CROSS, PAUL?,' WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best Camellius, Azaleas, Lapaj^eria-S &c. PAULS', WALTHAM CROSS, South Entrance four minutes' walk from Waltham Cross Station. Great Eastern Kiiilway. West Entrance three minuted' walk from Theobald's Grove Station. Great Eastern Railway. Inspection Invited. Prices Strictly Moderate. Priced Catalogues Free. Goodi packed hy experienced hands for all part a of the world. Gardeners of character and experience recommended. Observe the Christian name — WM. PAUL & SON, Rose Growers by Appointment to Her Majesty the Q,ueen, TREE, PLANT, BULB and SEED MERCHANTS. WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS. THOMSOJl. SEEDS. FLUWER SEEDS — BEQONIA, Thomson's Superb Single and Double.— Saved from srleeu-.l ijlunts uf a very ilioite eollecuun. I'er I'a.-ket. Is. and L? rt./. CALCEOLARIA, Thomson's Dalkeith Park.— I well- known and popular strain; saved from plants of dwarf anil conllttct habit. I'er I'aiki-t. 2.1. M. CINERARIA. Thomson's Superb Mixed.— A very care- fully sele. ted sto. k. I'er I'a.ket. It. and 'is. tW. CELOSIA Pyramldalls, Thomson's. -Best strain in cul- tiv.tion; sldl urirnnllr 1. r,r I'neket, Ij. aod Uj. tW. PANSY, Thomson's Choice Mixed. — Saved from the tin.st n.uni-l -..rfs. I'.r l',„-k. 1 , Ij, POLYANTHUS, Thomson's Superb Hybrid.— Saved from t I .-t v,,ru-li,.s. V.T I'lickHi. Is. STOCK, East Lothian (.S.arlet, I'urple, White, Crimson. and White Wall leaved>.— Saved from 2-year old planta, specially selected. Per i'acket. li.. 'Zs. 6{f., and 55. VEGETABLE SEEDS— BEET. Thomson's Superb Red.-I'nsurpaased for garden 1,11.1 de.sjriitive pun uses. I'er OA. , l.i. lid. BROCCOLI. Thomson's Self-protectln?. — One of the li;ir.lM-sl Ilri*.s,l,s ^ruwn. Per I'arket. l.I. H(t. BROCCOLI, Snow's Winter White. - An extra seleit -tM-k, frr l'ark..|, If. •>(/. CARROT. Thomson's New Improved Horn.— Superior • Ho ultivatii Per o/, . Srf. Per LEEK. Musselburgh. — True stock ; Scotch u,.. 2-. IW. PARSLEY. Thomson's Superb Curled.-Dworf and com- p.it; b.autitully curled. l'eroz..U. TOMATO. Thomson's Excelslor.-Undoubtedlyoneof the best lor general use; smooth-skiimed. and of fine flavour. l'»r Packet, Is. M. CATALOGUE of SELECT GARDEN SEEDS forwarded on application. Ail ^oods carriage pjid. THOMSON'S VINES. TllO^NFSON'S STYPTIC. Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure. TnoM.soNS Book on the Vine, the I'ine, the Flower Garden, and Fruit Culture under Glass. DAVID W. THOMSON (.SEFD MEUCHANTi. 24, FREDERICK ST., EDINBURGH. VEITCHS' CHOICE PRIMULAS, rj/t: F/.Vh.ST J.\ CI LTIVATIOX. Awarded a SPECLAL CERTIFICATE by the Royal Horticultural Society for superior quality. VEITCHS' " SNOWFLAKE." Th.- finest pure white Ferii-le.ived v larjje. of fine form, m.^sjiive sub^tanre, fringed. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. .itely VEITCHS' CHELSEA SCARLET. The brigteit and richest of all the high-colouied varieties. Per Packet. 28. 6d. VFITCHS' CHELSEA ROSE. A pretty and attractive variety, of a charming rose- pick colour. Per Packet, 33. 6d. VEITCHS' CHELSEA BLUE. Flowers ..f a beautiful rich b!ue ciilour. of large .sire, elejruiit form, acd fine sul.^tance. Per Packet, 39. 6d. VEITCHS' SPECIAL MIXTURE Of the above and other beautiful Single and Double Per Packet, 3s. 6d. and fis. A'cir full ilescriptwn of the alxme. and manu olhrr CHO/CK KOIULTIES and .SJ'fC/ALTJiS see SEKD CATALOGUE, forwarded gratis and post-free JAMES VE[fCH& SONS ko/al exotic nuuseuy, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. WEBBS' f1 SPECIALTIES in VEGETABLE SEEDS. TUK FOI.LOWIXO ViKlEIIia AHK REUOM.MtMiKU IS THE IlKJiT OF THEIK CL1S3 i — BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— Webbs' Matchless. 6d. ail 1 Is. per packet. Is. 6d. per ounic CAULIFLOWER.— Webbs' Early Mammoth. 18. 6d. and 2S. 6d. pir packet, post-free. CUCUMBER.— "Webbs' Stourbridge Gem Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d, per liacket. post fr,>e. BROAD BEAN.— Webbs' Klnver Mammoth. 28. 6d. per i|uart, post free. LEEK.— Webbs' Colossal. 18. 6d. per packet, [xjst-free. MELON.— Webbs' New President. Is. 6d. and 2S. 6d. per packet, post free. PEA.— Webbs' New Talisman, 5s. per ipiart. post-free. TOMATO.- -Webbs' Sensation. Is. 6d, and 2b. 6d. per packet, post-free. See Welih.i' S/irinr/ Catalogue, Post-free, \s. WEBBS, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. THE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY A, 1893. A PROFITABLE INVESTMENT. 'I'^HE chief features, topographically, of -*- Sussex are the rolling hills and winding valleys, the former abounding in iron of the finest quality, while the rich alluvial soils of the latter afford some of the richest pastures in this country. Horticulturally, tco, Sussex can boast of some good in- vestments, notably in the neighbourhood of Worthing, where certain pioneers of Tomato, Cucumber, Grapj, and Fig growers for the London markets are to be met with ; but the best of any that I have observed are in the neighbourhood of lialcombe, one of the very prettiest parts of the county. Now, ]5aIoombe is not specially favoured beyond many other parts of the county in regard to soil, the staple consisting of a strong clay loam overlying the native sandstone rock, is an excellent one for Lily culture. Oxide of iron exists abundantly in the heavy olays and clayey loams ; and whether the special success attained in the culture of Lilium speciosum allium at IJalcombe can be traced to this fact, I am unable to say. The spot, a garden of just under a ijuarter-acre, is attached to a cottage near to the station. Some five-and-twenty or thirty years ago a few bulbs were grown in pots and allowed to flower out of doors ; and this method was continued till the pots became too many to be properly attended to, when a number of them were turned out into the soil of the garden. Here they pro- duced such fine flowers, and in such ((uantitie«, as to i|uite astonish the owner, who then turned the whole of his stock of Lilies out of their pots into the ground. I had better say here, that this garden is planted with standard Apple trees, which more or less shade the garden. From this time a thorough systematic course of culture was adopted. The stock was taken up and replanted in rows beneath the trees about 10 inches apart in the row, and the rows I foot apart. The rows formed narrow beds, with alleys lli inches wide running between. (leiii^rous culture has biseii afforded these bulbs, and whenever they become crowded, the whole of them are taken up and replanted ; but Mr. Hates says he does not mulch or afford manure in a regular manner, but that whenever he noticed a want of a stimu- lus to growth, something is afforded. Wooden stakes are placed at intervals along the rows, and strings are attached to them, to which the flowering stems are tied as growth proceeds. Along the alleys upright stakes at intervals of 6 feet, and about the same in height, and oppo- site each other and across the bed a light lath runs, and is nailed to the tops of the uprights. This is to support a screen of canvas which is put on whenever any danger from fro.st is apprehended, for these Lilies do not begin to bloom until about the second week in September, 130 THE (lAh'DENEBS' CHBONICLE. [I'ebruaey 4, 18[I3. but it may also tend in no small degree to keep the flowers getting tainted by the drip or filth from the trees overhead. As the flowers begin to open, the anthers are carefully removed to preserve the ivory whiteness of the blooms, and owing to the great quantity of bulbs planted on this small piece of ground there is plenty of work for Mr. Bates and his two daughters. As the flowering period draws near, prepara- tions have to be made for marketing the crop. This period is from the second week in September to end of October, but the past season it ran into the middle of November. Enormous as this is, considering the small area occupied, no trouble whatever is experienced in disposing of it, but rather anxiety and regret is yearly felt at the inability to supply their ever-widening circle of customers. Boxes, packing, and wrapping ma- terials being all in readiness, the flowers are picked either in the early morning or late evening, this work being left entirely to female fingers to manipulate these ivory-tinted beauties. Now for the actual results of this quarter-acre garden. Prices in the earliest week or two are not up to the average ; at this time the range is from Is. &d. to 2s. per dozen ; but as the season advances, the average prices run from 2s-. Zi. to 2s. Qd. per dozen blooms. No doubt this is accounted for by the quantity sent into market by those growing their bulbs in pots, which would not be over when the first blooms from outside arrive; but as the end of September and beginning of October is reached, the competition is with outside flowers. In the first week or two of sales, the qu.antities gent off vary from fifty to seventy-five dozen three times per week, but in the height of the season 150 to 200 dozen blooms three times per •week have been sent off. The greatest number ever sent off was during the middle of the past season, when for one week at least 130 to 1.50 dozen per day were despatched, making an average of 810 dozen for this week— truly an astonishing quantity from such a small area of ground. The revenue from this small plot can thus be very readily arrived at by any one for himself. There are then still classes of beau- tiful hardy plants, which, if their wants were specially attended to, and a market created for them, cultivators would find it profit- able to grow, especially at the present time, when growers hardly know how to make ends meet, owing chiefly to influences over which they can have but little or no control. At the present time I have in my mind's- eye several plants, and, associated with them several sites— or, perhaps, more correctly — several districts, where those plants could be grown to perfection, and at figures quite as remunerative, as shown in the above case of Lily culture. "Why these things are not done more here by those who have both the means and opportunity, is a mystery hard of explanation. I myself can advance several reasons for this torpid attitude everywhere displayed to depart from beaten traclss or ruts, but should most likely be met at the outset with a blunt denial, or at least by an assertion that this or that would not do or would not pay. These, however, it would not be diflioult to controvert, on the assumption alone that they had never been tried. It is needless for me to point out the lessons which may be read by those willing to learn from the instance here given, or to point out the necessity for caution which it is wise to observe in every undertaking. In horticulture, as in all other branches of business, those suc- ceed best who make circumstances subservient to them, and not allow themselves to be subser- vient to circumstances. Pomuin, New or Noteworthy Plants. NERINE MUTABILIS (IIUMILIS X PULCHELLA). Newgard.hyh. The beauty of its varying flowers renders this pretty hybrid, which flowered with R. A. Todd, Esq , at Honejden, Foots Cray, Kent, well worth naming and recording. In growth it is fairly intermediate between the two species crossed ; the peduncle 12 to 18 inches in height ; pedicels 2 to 2_V inches long ; flowers ten to fifteen in a loose umbel. Perianth irregular, fire segments forming the upper portion, and one (which is curved on one side), the lower part of the whorl. Segments \h inch long ; cleft nearly to the ovary ; abruptly curved back at the tips; bright rosy-carmine with a bluish keel, which varies in different stages of the flower from lavender to light purple, the other parts of the flower also varying from pink to lilac. Style and stamens de- clinate ; the style as long as the segments, the stamens rather shorter, both pale pink. The whole flower very attractive. Perhaps we may say, luckily, there are but two or three plants of it, for if there were any quantity, it being so variable, it might have the misfortune to assist in making the same confusion as some persons have caused N. O'Brienii (pudica X Plantii) to make. Originally there were N. O'Brienii, N. O'B. carminata, and N. O'B. ccerulea, but these three have also since been called N. humilis carminata, N. h. ccerulea, N. carminata, N. atro-sanguinea, and many other names. The worst injury of all is cataloguing it as N, atro-sanguinea, which is a totally different thing, some three or four only of which were raised by me, and which is not to be obtained, although doubtless those who order the plant catalogued under that name expect to get it. James O'Brien. CvpHiPEDicM Galvpso, Ctpheb's var. (Spiceeia- NDM MAONIFICUM ? X BoXALLI ATBATUM c? )• New ffard. Iii,h. This is an extraordinarily beautiful variety, worthy to keep company with the flite of the favourite genus, and take rank with such handsome things as C. Calypso, Oakwood var., and C. Leeannm gigantenm. The upper sepal is round and flat; pure white, with an emerald-green base, a broad purple band extending up the middle, and fainter merging purple lines over the lower two-thirds on each side of the middle line. Petals nearly horizontal, wavy on the upper edge, greenish-yellow, strongly tinged with brown on the upper halves above the broad reddish- brown band, which traverses the middle of the petal. Labellum similar in colour to the petals, beauti- fully spotted inside. Lower sepal pale green. The general appearance is of a very fine Boxalli, with a large and highly-coloured upper sepal of C. Spiceri- anum raagnificum. It comes from Mr. Jas. Cypher, Queen's Road Nursery, Cheltenham, who has no doubt grown it in his usually excellent manner. James O'Brien. Amaryllis, covered to the tip of the spike with flowers of a new race. Our illustration (for which we are indebted to Mr. Lorenz, of Erfurt, who offers seeds of this strain in his trade catalogue) well shows the general character of the flower. It is one in which the two spotted segments are at the lower part of the flower. In other cases these two petals are at the upper part of the flower, and this variation mar be seen in some cases in different flowers of the same spike. The first notice of this section was on August 10, 1889, when Mr. W. E. Gambleton favoured us with a description of the first of this new race of hardy Gladioli. On October 4, 1890, p. 370, he continued his observations, and described several additional forms, supplementing his notes by further descriptions on October 31, 18yl, KEW NOTES. GusTAViA PTEROCARPA.— This large- flowered Myr- taceous shrub is now in flower in the Palm-house, where it has been cultivated since 1885, and has several times flowered. It is about 3 feet high, with an erect stem, branched, and clothed with long shining green lanceolate leaves. The flowers are Magnolia-like, 4 inches across, formed of five broad, concave, fleshy, ivory-white petals, tinged with reddish outside, and corona-like clusters of yellow stamens, which are curved inwards, as in some of the Passifloras. The flowers are fragrant, and they remain on the plant three or four days after opening. This species was introduced by Messrs. Linden, of Ghent, in 18(31, and distributed under the name of G. Leopoldi. There is a figure of it in the Botanical Magazine, t. 523'.l. It is a native of French Guiana. The Gastavias are quite worth a place among cul- tivated stove plants; at any rate, the one here described, and several others, among them G. gra- cillima, flower under cultivation, and are decidedly attractive, ' FuEESIAS. There is a large well-flowered group of Freesias in the conservatory at Kew, and there has been a similar group in this house annually at this time for the last five years. Mr. F. Garrett, the foreman in the flower-garden department, which includes the conservatory (No. 4), gives the fol- lowing directions for the culture of these Freesias : — Never allow the soil in which Freesias are planted to get dry. Shake them out in August, and repot in G or 8 - inch pots in a mixture of loam, leaf-mould, and dry cow-manure. The round corms, not the thin ones, are those which flower best. For an 8-inch pot, twenty corms are sufficient. Water immediately alter potting, and then place them in a cool frame, where they can remain till the frost comes, when they should be placed in a heated frame or on a shelf near the glass in a greenhouse. They require as much sunlight as possible. Stake the plants early, and when the flower- spikes show, a little stimulant, such as Clay's Fertiliser, should be given. W. W. GLADIOLUS (HYBRIDUS) NANCEIANUS. This new race of Gladioli (fig. 21, p. 131) is the result of a cross between G. Sandersii and G. Lemoinei, and has not only retained the long - lasting properties and the beautiful spot of the latter, but its flowers have reached dimen- sions surpassing those of the largest - flowering varieties of G. Gandavensis. The spike stands erect, with the flowers evenly developed, looking you straight in the face. The immense flowers somewhat resemble Orchids of the brightest hues ani most curious designs, or rather a strange kind of A TRAVELLER'S NOTES. (.Continued from p. 70.) Buitenzora. — The agricultural garden is, as 1 have said, 8(me'2^ miles out of Baitenzorg, and some 200 acres in "extent. It is most interesting, and consists of large quarters of all kinds of economic plants. Here are made trials of plants said to be of practical use in the colony, and the result is duly reported on. Large plots of Arabian and Liberian Curtee are in grand condition and look well, though a lew small round light brown spots show that the disease exists, but still in too small a degree to be harmful. All kinds of Rubbers are largely represented, one of the best of which is the llevea brasiliensis. Gambier is also grown, and a large plot of Ficus elastica is very interesting — large trees with their stems all notched and scarred where they had been cut for the sap. Mahogany, Chinese and Assam Tea, Cacao, Pappaya, Eucalyptus alba (a handsome tree from Febecaet 4, 1893.] THE GAIiDENEnS' CEl?OyiCLE. 131 Timor), Vanilla, Coca, Pepper (always grown in the shade), Elais gnineensis (the African oil Palm — a magnificent plot, containing four rows of splendid trees, many of the trunks being 3 feet in diameter, some seeding and seme flowering), Oranges, Kice, the poisonous Upas tree, and many kinds of grasses, are amongst the sights at this place. One does not ■ee a dozen trees or a hundred ; the thing is thoroughly done, of each there is a large plot ; of Coffee several acres. Cardamom and Cinnamon are also grown, and trials are just being made with Ipecacuanha (Ceph.tlis ipecacuanha) ; it does not seem to promise very well. Besides the above, a ■mall plot has been set aside for medicinal plants, two of each species of which are grown. An extensive, well-filled laboratory, also fitted with its own gas, made from petroleum as at Buitenzorg, is at the disposal of the Director of this department; and also apparatus for making experiments with the products of some of the plants, such as dyes, the extraction of Gambler or of oil from the seed of the Elais, and the like. To the ordinary visitor, this agri- main stems of the Brugmansia. Goldfussiaisophylla, treated in the same way^ I also saw used as a hedge- plant. Lantana was very frequent, and a pretty Cassia, possibly C, fistnlosa. We soon got through the cultivated portion of the hill, and into the jungle proper, the finest I have yet seen by a long way, certainly thicker and more luxuriant than in Penang. The Tree Ferns l.nOO feet from the base, and to about 1000 feet from the summit, were magnificent. I think they were Cyatheas ; their stems were often '20 to 30 feet high, one I noticed in particular, could not have been less than 50 feet. It is now the wet season in Java, and these Ferns were growing freely. It was a wonderful sight to look down on them, the rosettes of young fronds had been produced in such rapid succession, that they were apparently all of the same age, and were actoally of the same tint of light green ; the next lot to succeed them, usually six or seven, stood up straight, all about the same height, from l.| to 2.} feet. What I wish to convey is, that one frond was not produced a long time after Kio. 21.— OLADior.us NANCKiAxrs, vAn, (skis p. lyO) cultural garden proves more interesting than that at Buitenzorg ; it is practical, the other is scientific. I arrived at Garvet on the evening of Feb. 2, and at once made arrangements to start for an extinct crater on the morrow, ASCENT OP A VOLCANIC MOUNTAIK. One of the most interesting things I have yet seen since I have been away, is the crater of Papandaya, an excursion to which I made on the morning of Feb. .3. I left the hotel at Garvet at 4. .'10 a.m., in a small cart, miserably equipped. We wer^two hours reaching the crater up a very steep rocky path. 1 never should have thought a pony could have got np. At first we went through some cultivated grounds. Castor Oil, Maize, and several acres of Arabian Coffee, in grand condition, the ends of the shoots covered with bunches of berries. I looked for disease, but saw none. The plants wore much higher than those 1 had seen in Ceylon, and the foliage of the richest green ; it was so high and so thick one could only see a few yards into the plantation. Enclosing a plantation of Maize was a dipt hedge of Brugmansia, the flower was not much, but the foliage was a delightful green, growing freely. The hedge was kept pretty straight by long pieces of split Bamboo, tied lengthways to the the other, as at home. Near the top many acres of the jungle had been burnt, but though the stems of these Tree Ferns were quite charred, they were yet growing ; nothing else in the whole charred forest, except a few dwarf Ferns, had started. It was very carious to see the pale green of the young Tree Fern foliage, probably the only livingthing there, standing out against the background of burnt black and brown wood, aclurapof about two dozen in one place was par- ticularly striking. Of course, one could not see far, the burnt trees were too thick, and frequently tangled masses of climbers hung from branches like thick curtains, rendering it still more impossible. At the base of the hill a largo Bamboo was magnificent, perfectly impenetrable, but it soon ceased, and did not seem to grow more than a few hundred feet up. This also applies to Plantains. The vegetation on both sides of the rough rocky road was most thick, quite impossible to enter without clearing; in some places one could only see a few feet into it, most scarcely a score of yards, and where the Gleichenia carpet hung down, not 6 inches. This Gleichenia, not as common or as frequent on this hill as in Penang, must be either G. flagellaris or G. dicho- toma ; I did not see O. longissima at all. The path, as I have said, was very steep, the ground rising on one side and falling away on the other. Where it fell away to a considerable depth, a glimpse might be caught over the thick jungle for some distance. This sort of view was more particu- larly obtained where water was descending the hill. Passing over such streams (they were not large) and looking down the ravine, I saw as luxuriant and rampant a vegetation as I ever dreamed of. Some of the tree stems were large (these probably belonged to the Dipterocarpeic), but it was not the rule, thick undergrowth being more general. Many of the stems were covered with epiphytes, and high up in the branches above I saw many more either epiphytes or parasites. Many Ferns were thus growing on stems, and also a small climbing Fig. Asplenium Nidus was magnificent, completely encircling some trunks, its thick masses of dead leaves hanging down often G to 7 feet long; it was most frequent, but never had that regular circular appearance it gets in a pot at home. The other Ferns were numerous, but not striking, except one, a Blechnum, much like brasiliense, its young leaves often 2 feet long, tinted red ; it is a fine thing. The vegetation generally was very varied, but generally, when looked at closely, of no especial beauty. The creepers were very numerous, and often hung from the branches above in tangled masses of dead and living vegetation— dead very often. Why, 1 do not know, for there seemed to be no reason. I also saw a very weak sickly-looking Nepenthes, and of that but two specimens. As one nears the crater, and at about 800 feet below it, all this richness ceases, and the path and surrounding land changes to bare rock, on which nothing is growing but a low shrub like a Myrtle. The path is now very rough ; now passing between huge boulders, evidently rolled off the mouth of the crater, and pitched at some time or other headlong down ; and now over flatter ground, on which are Email pieces of sulphur, lava, and a whitish stone not unlike chalk. The crater is about half a mile in diameter, completely enclosed on three sides, and open to the country beyond (of which a lovely view is obtained) on the fourth. One side of the mouth, about 400 feet high, has a little scant vegetation, but it is not easy to get there to look at it. The other two are completely bare, sheer precipices of rock, from 300 to 100 feet in height. The fourth side slopes, so far as 1 could judge, by a series of small plateaus to the plain beneath, but, of course, all one sees is the top of the jungle, the paddy fields below, and a hill of wonderfully even pyramidal shape beyond. The crater proper is interesting. There is probably not a living thing in the place — bird, insect, or reptile. In one place volumes of smoke, so dense that one cannot see through it, pour out and reach even the top of the mouth of the crater; the ground round the hole where it comes from being thick with golden- yellow sulphur, a lovely colour. The main volume of smoke, which comes steadily forth, must be 40 to 50 yards in diameter; and besides this, there are several smaller ones. Boiling water bubbles and hisses out in places, and in one spot hot air rushes out with a noise like a locomotive safety-valve. On approaching thi.s, and hearing the noise, I looked for a waterfall, and was considerably astonished to find the noise produced by the escape of sulphurous air; the pressure beneath must be pretty considerable to make such a sound. The whole scene was very interesting, beating that which I saw near Naples easily. The floor of that crater was more or less covered with vegetation, but in this case there was nothing but a rough uneven surface, in some places covered with loose stones of all sizes ; e.ipecially was this the case at the base of what appeared to have been a landslip from one side of the mouth — huge boulders in most extraordinary positions were common at this point. Coming back from the foot of the hill in the same carriage, I had a good view of the country— wonder- fully rich and fertile — for the whole way, about ten miles ; on each side of the road the land was under cultivation, all "paddy" of kinds. The Kice is plucked by hand, tied in bunches, and carried by coolies on their Bamboo rods, several bunches being made into a bundle, and suspended by a string. The rods, about , 1W»2, M. Hkim records the existence of a monstrosity in Daucus Carota, in which two leaves spring from the base of the receptacular tube, the leaves representing the car- pellary leaves. M. Hkim is under the impression that this monstrosity has not been described in terato- logical books, even those most recently publisher'. A reference to rn/elahle Tcratnlogy, p. 2()l, shows that the change in Daucus is specially frequent, the * denoting frequency being prefixed to the name. A long list of references to similar malformations is given in Penzio's Pflanzen Temtologie, and a figure of a similar state of things is figured in the Trans- aciiont of the Linnean Society, vol. xxiii., p. 490, tab. liv., fig. 4 , and in Dr. Dammeh's German edition of Dr. Mastkhs' Teratology, p. 300, and Jmtrnal of Botany (1875), p. 79. The Jardin des Plantes, Paris.— From a pamphlet before us, it appears that a disaster was imminent a few weeks since, when with the ther- mometer each night at —7^ C. or —8° C. (= 17" to 19' F.), there were not two " paniers " of coal left, and this in spite of frequent " reclamations "and warnings on the part of the " Professeur de Culture,"who on one occasion had to order a supply of coal at his own cost. 138 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONIGLE. [Febeuaby 4, 1803. It appears, moreover, that the heating apparatus is altogether defective, and requires re-arranging under the direction of a competent hot-watsr engineer. It is only reasonable that the director of a great botanic garden, and responsible for its due mainte- nance, should be allowed his discretion and freedom of action untrammelled. Chislehurst Gardeners' Association.— At a large and overflowing meeting held by this association on the 24lh ult., Mr. Cannell, of Swanley, gave a lecture on the Koae, and many were the points of interest alluded to by such an authority, which called forth hearty applause from those assembled. Although the society is only in its second session, it is already recognised as forming a means by which much useful informa- tion has been obtained, and Mr. Cannell's visit had been looked forward to with great interest. CRINUM PEDUNCULATUM.— Baron Sir Febdi- NAND VON MoELLEE scnds US the following interesting communication ; — " 1 visited an island ten miles up the river, the centre of which was very swampy ; in fact, we camped there for three weeks. This swamp contained hundreds of plants of Crinum peduncu- latum, which are just now in full flower, and a more magnificent sight I have never seen. The plants I saw on the Richmond River a few months since are mere infants compared with these. I measured one plant, and as it may be of interest, I give the details, viz.: — Circumference of stem, 2 feet 5 inches; height from root to leaf-tip, 7 feet 11 inches ; height from root to flower-head, 8 feet 2 inches ; circum- ference of flower-head, 2 feet 10 inches. The weight of plant when dug up and soil washed from the roots must be 30 lb. to 35 lb. Each plant gives three to five flower-stalks. The flower is a pure white wax, and gives a delicate perlume. To my mind, this is the must beautiful bulbous plant in Australia. I had no means of bringing any of these very large specimens away, but when again in that district (in two or three months) I will send you a few. Some months since I sent a few of these bulbs to England. They carried in first-rate condition, but could not be sold ; I suppose, because they are unknown. Ch. Cbesswell, Sydney," Royal College of Surgeons of England — The following is the syllabus of three lectures on the " Action of Fungi on the Human Body," to be delivered in the theatre of the College on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, February G, 8, and 10, at 5 o'clock each day, by Professor Chahles Bagge Plowbioht, M.D., M.R.C.S. : — Lecture I. : Monday, February 6. — " Fungi as Food-stuff's." — Introductory remarks; Morphology and biology ; Iljmenomycetes ; Elvellacei ; Classical allusions to fungus-eating ; Discrimination of edible from poisonous kinds ; Methods of preparation and cooking ; Chemical composition — cellulose, albumi- noids, fats, sugars, mannite, trehalose ; the common Mushroom and its varieties. Lecture II.: Wednesday, February 8. — "Fungi as Roisons." — Agaricus Phalloides and its allies ; Botanical characters ; Cases of poisoning by ; Symp- toms ; Chemical composition ; Kobert's investiga- tions; I'hailin ; Agaricus muscarius; Cases; Action of Muscarin ; " I'llzatropin ; " Tlie Lactarii ; Hel- vella esculenta ; Ilelvellic acid ; Other species. Lecture III. : Friday, February 10. — " Edible and Poisonous Fungi." — Brief descriptions, actions, and uses of the more important dietetic, toxic, and therapeutic species, with illustrations. Salary of Estate Manager.— The necessity for raising the professional standard of gardeners, and others fulfilling responsible positions in con- noctiou with horticulture and allied branches of industry, is evidenced by a letter before us, in which the advertiser offers the sum of £65 a year, with house, garden, and haulage of coal. For this sum the fortunate competitor is to manage " a small estate of IGOO acres, superintend everything, gardens. land in hand, farms let, buildings, keepers, woods, planting, &c., pay all wages, keep all accounts, and receive and account for all rents under ten pounds a year. A skilled head gardener is kept, but he, and all my men, would be under the manager." We wonder what the salary of the skilled head gardener is, under such circumstances. Such low rates of wages, though they cannot justify, extenuate the receipt of commissions, tend towards dishonesty, and prevent capable men from attaining the position to which their experience and capabilities entitle them. Tasmanian Fruit Exports— Growers of fruit in this colony are at present apprehensive about the success of the oncoming Apple crop, owing to un- favourable weather, and the probable value of the fruit when placed on the London market — if it should be ample enough toj ustify a largeshipment. New orchards it is supposed will make up for failures through unfavourable meteorological conditions, and greater care in picking, choice, and packing will this season be looked to, last year's experience on these lines having been costly— not everything will do for the English market, it is found. Should the Australian crops prove short, of which there is some prospect, then a local demand will be experienced, and ship- ments for England be restricted — but a short time will settle these matters. It would appear that much more attention is being paid to the cultivation of sorts best suited to the English market, and altogether, recent bad fortune would appear to have been looked at in the proper light. CrOTOLARIA dUNCEA.— This plant has for some time been placed on its trial in several parts of Natal, with a view to competing in the English market, but up to the present time results have not been sufficiently favourable to justify carrying on the experiment. The Transvaal and Fruit Imports. — The reports from the upper districts of Natal are to the effect that large crops of Apples, Rears, Riums, &c., have been gathered, which would have been sent to the Transvaal, but for ths prohibitive duty of 15s. per 100 lb. load on fruit. This also affects the fruit grown at the Cape ; and thus producers in both colonies are severely hit by this heavy and surely injudicious duty. The Surveyors' Institute.- The next ordi- nary general meeting will be held on Monday, F'ebruary 6, 1803, when the adjourned discussion will be resumed on the papers read at the meeting on January 9. Gardeners Royal Benevolent Institu- tion.— It is with great pleasure we make the announcement that Baron Schbodeb has under- taken to preside at the Fifty-fourth Anniversary Festival Dinner at the Ilutel Metropole on June 22 next, in aid of the funds of the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution. We trust that this popular patron of horticulture will be generously aided in bis eff"orts on behalf of this useful Institution. Metropolitan Public Gardens Associa- tion.— The tenth annual report shows what valuable work has been done during the last ten years by this society. In this period,* speaking broadly, eighty- two grounds have been opened under the society's auspices, IIG play-grounds for children thrown open, 2240 trees planted in fifty-one difl'erent metro- politan districts, 1000 seats supplied, eighteen fountains erected. Six and a half acres at Bethnal Green have been saved from the builders, and no fewer than 345 acres at Hackney. The income of this valuable society, we regret to see, has fallen off', but the publication and circulation of this report ought surely to secure a large additional body of subscribers. Prize- fighting and Gardening I— Gardeners are addicted to contending for prizes, but they are certainly as a class, not given to prize-fighting. There is no accounting for individual aberrations, and so we find the National United Order of F'ree Gardeners in assembly at Higham Ferrers, passing a resolution on the proposition of the Moss Rose Lodge, that in the case of the death of any member in consequence of a prize-fight, no funeral allowance be paid to his representatives. It appeared that a member of the " Fuchsia Lodge " was killed under such circumstances. The meeting adopted the reso- lution by a large majority, so that free-gardeners before engaging in prize-fights must remember that their funeral expenses may not be provided for. The " lodges " of this Society take their names after Snowdrops, Roses, Sunflowers,, White Lily, Vine- leaf, Shamrock, Thistle, Primrose, Lily of the Valley, Blue Violet, and other flowers. Clearly, prize-fight- ing is out of place in such meetings, though a little diversion might be acceptable, for the meeting to which we refer lasted, according to the OundU Gazette, for upwards of seven hours. We strongly suspect that the "Free Gardeners " are gardeners in name only. Shamrock. — According to the Irish Naturalist, Mr. CoLGAN has collected from eleven of the Irish counties thirteen specimens vouched for by the natives as being tbe true Shamrock. The specimens were duly labelled and cultivated till they flowered, when of the thirteen eight were determined to be Trifolium minus, and the remainder T. repens. What is generally sold in London is T. repens, but we have seen the leaves of Oxalis Acetosella designated as Shamrock. Fashion in Flowers.— A correspondent of the Garden points out that ten years ago forty-seven Pelargoniums were certificated and six Chrysanthe- mums. In 1892, however, twenty-four Chrysanthe- mums were certificated at the Royal Horticultural Society, and only seven Pelargoniums. Does not this show that special societies are powerless to avert the changes of fashion ? Technical Education. — On the 19th ult. evening, Mr. K. Cock, County Council lecturer on cottage gardening, gave an interesting lecture in the schoolroom at Sandon (Staff's.). Mr. Cock spoke first on bees and bee-keeping, illustrating his remarks with magic-lantern views, lie strongly recommended cottagers to try bee-keeping as a profitable business. He afterwards dealt with winter work in the garden, discussing insect-pests among other things, and recommending- fruit-growing, which, with care, could be made to pay well. Semi-double Flowers of Reinwardtia TETRAGYNA. — Among the many items which render the Show-house at Kew gay at the present time, the two species of Reinwardtia are by no means the least conspicuous. They are better known in gardens as Linum tetragynum and L. trigynum respectively, but diff'er in some minute technical points from Linum. Their clear yellow circular plate-like flowers, which are produced in profusion, render them desirable inmates of the greenhouse at this season. The method of propagation and culti- vation prescribed in Nicholson's Dictionary, is to take cuttings from the strongest points of old plants in spring, and place them in the propagating-frame. When rooted, they may be grown on in an inter- mediate temperate until established in 5 or 6-inch pots. A compact habit should be induced by frequent pinching. In autumn the plants should be exposed as much as possible to sun and air in order to ripen the wood, and promote flowering in the winter. The old plants may be preserved, but it is more satis- factory to grow them from cuttings every year. The species are natives of hilly regions in North-West India, Sikkim, Assam, and Chittagon, southward to the Nilghiri hills. R. tetragyna has larger lanceolate leaves, R. trigyna has broader, more obovate leaves, but the two are probably only forms of one species. Many of the flowers we observed lately had the innermost sepal of a yellow colour, like the petals, thus offering an instance of petalody of the sepals. Snowdrops. — No sooner has the frost gone, than we begia tg look out for the SnowdroDs. Febeuabt i, 1893.] THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 139 According to Roberts' Saturalist's Diary, the aver- age earliest first appearance is on January 11, the latest average first appearance, on the forty-seventh day of the year, e.g., February 16. In some tables published in the Gardeners' Chronicle, April 7, 188S, the earliest flowering of the Snowdrop is given as December 24, 1778, the latest February 10, 1795, a difference of forty-eight days as observed at Stratton, Norfolk, during a period of fifty-five years At Cubham, Surrey, according to Miss Ob.merod's re- ductions of Miss Moleswoeth's observations, the mean earliest date, out of twenty annual observa- tions in the same place was, the thirty-third day cf the year, i.e., February 2, the earliest, January 10, the latest on the fifty-sixth day of the year, vii., February 25. The earliest date of which we have any record (we omit, of course, the October-flowering variety), is December 22, IS'JO, at Greenock. In our own garden, in Middlesex, the subsoil of which is cold clay, the dates for the last four years are as follows ; —1890, January 9 ; 1891, February G ; 1892, January 22; 1893, Jannary 30. Fruit Cultivation in England, and Im- ported Fruit. — The following interesting state- ment as to the cultivation of fruit in England was made by Mr. II. R. Williams (the acting Master) at the dinner of the Fruiterers' Company lately :—" The following was the area under small fruit cultivation in England and Wales in each of the following years : — ISSS, 30,700 acres; IS'.IO, -46,200 acres; IS'Jl, 58,7'J